Se stále přibývajícím počtem autologních transplantací periferních progenitorových hematopoetických buněk se problematika odběru těchto štěpů stává stále aktuálnější. Protože až do určité hranice koreluje rychlost přihojení s množstvím transplantovaných progenitorů, je snahou získat štěp s dostatečným množstvím progenitorových buněk. V krvi je za normálního stavu přítomno pouze velmi malé množství progenitorových buněk, proto je nutné je před odběrem mobilizovat, což je nejkritičtějším momentem získání dostatečného štěpu. Na klinice dětské onkologie provádíme mobilizaci nejčastěji podáním G-CSF v dávce 10 μg/ kg a den, buď po chemoterapii, nebo samostatně a u pacientů, u kterých předpokládáme horší efekt mobilizace podáváme buď vyšší dávky G-CSF, nebo kombinujeme G-CSF a GM-CSF. V případě neúspěchu odběru štěpu se další postup řídí podle příčiny. Po neúspěšné mobilizaci a separaci máme následující možnosti: 1. nová mobilizace a separace po další sérii chemoterapie; nova mobilizace vyšší dávkou G-CSF nebo kombinací G-CSF a GM-CSF a následná velkoobjemová separace; 3. odebrat kostní dřeň; 4. upustit od megamiemoterapie s autologní transplantací a zvolit jiný léčebný plán.

With the ever increasing number of autologous transplantations of haematopoietic progenitor cells the problem of collection of these grafts becomes more urgent. Because up to a certain limit the rate of incorporation correlates with the amount of transplanted progenitors, attempts are made to obtain grafts with a sufficient number of progenitor cells. Under normal conditions blood contrains only a very small amount of progenitor cells. Therefore they must be mobilized before blood sampling which is the most critical moment for obtaining an adequate graft. At the Department of paediatric oncology mobilization is made most frequently by administration of G-CSF, 10 μg/kg per day, either after chemotherapy or separately. In patients where a poorer effect of mobilization is assumed, either largerdoses of G-CSF are administered or G-CSF and GM-CSF are combined. If collection of the graft fails, the subsequent procedure depends on the cause. After unsuccessful mobilization and separation there are the following possibilities: 1. new mobilization and separation after another series of chemotherapy, 2. new mobilization with a larger dose of G-CSF or a combination of G-CSF and GM-CSF and subsequent large-volume apheresis, 3. bone marrow sampling, 4. to abandon megachemotherapy with autologous transplantation and select another therapeutic plan.

• MeSH
• autologní transplantace MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lékařská onkologie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mobilizace hematopoetických kmenových buněk metody   MeSH
• separace krevních složek metody   MeSH
• transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH

Many approaches aimed at improving next-generation sequencing output for clinical purposes exist. However, sequencing gaps or misalignments for regions that are difficult to cover because of their low complexity or high homology still exist. Our aim was to improve the yield of sequencing data. A hybridization-based next-generation sequencing library was pooled with custom add-on amplicon-based libraries processed by the same commercial test and run in parallel and sequenced simultaneously. Formulas and steps for proper amplicon pooling (250 to 7000 bp) and final library merging are presented. The novel strategy was tested on selected archetypal situations: diagnostics of a gene with many pseudogenes, a genomic region surrounded by Alu repeats, simple one-time addition of an extra gene, and mosaicism detection. The sequence of all supplemented genomic regions was traced with reasonable coverage at the background of a hybridization captured library. The flexible add-on module expands the possibilities of routine diagnostics. The technical solution makes it possible to mix amplicons that differ significantly in size and process them in one tube simultaneously with samples of the hybridization-based panel. The proposed approach reduces turnaround time and increases diagnostic yield.

• MeSH
• genomika * MeSH
• genová knihovna MeSH
• hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Východiska: Kostní metastázy způsobují onkologickým pacientům řadu obtíží. Kromě rizikových epizod hyperkalcémií jsou hlavní příčinou vzniku kostních fraktur a u 2/3 nemocných se podílejí na rozvoji nádo¬rové bolesti, která významným způsobem ovlivňuje kvalitu života pacientů. Klodronát (Bonefos), jeden z řady bisfosfonátů, se již dvě desítky let používá v léčbě hyperkalcémie a osteolýzy vyvolané maligním onemocněním. Metodika, cíle: Cílem sledování (název studie: „Sledování kvality života u pacientů s kostními metastáza-mi, kteří jsou léčeni klodronátem") bylo ověřit pomocí dotazníku EQ-5D, jehož součástí je vizuální analo¬gová škála (VAS), účinek léčby klodronátem (1 600 mg/den p. o.) na kvalitu života a subjektivní vnímání zdravotního stavu u českých onkologických pacientů. Do studie bylo zařazeno 300 pacientů s diagnózou metastázujícího karcinomu prsu nebo mnohočetného myelomu. Výsledky: Léčba klodronátem trvala 9 měsíců a přinesla signifikantní zlepšení v parametru celkové mobi¬lity pacientů (p < 0,02) a schopnosti vykonávat obvyklé denní činnosti (p < 0,001), signifikantně snížila pří-tomnost bolestí nebo jiných výraznějších obtíží (p < 0,001) a také snížila výskyt úzkosti nebo depresivního ladění (p < 0,001) v porovnání s výchozím stavem. Léčba klodronátem neměla vliv na zlepšení schopnosti sebeobsluhy (p = 0,19). U nemocných došlo po terapii klodronátem také k signifikantnímu zlepšení sub-jektivně vnímaného zdravotního stavu na škále VAS v porovnání se začátkem léčby (p < 0,001). Závěr: Studie potvrdila, že léčba klodronátem (Bonefos) podstatně zlepšuje subjektivní vnímání zdravot-ního stavu u onkologických pacientů a významně zvyšuje jejich kvalitu života.

Background: Bone metastases cause oncology patients a number of distressing problems. In addition to inducing risky episodes of hypercalceamia, they are the major cause of bone fractures, and contribute to the development of tumour pains in two-thirds of all patients, which greatly impacts upon their quality of life. Clodronate (BONEFOS®) is one of a number of bisphosphonates that has been ušed for the treatment of hypercalceamia and osteolysis arising from malignant tumours for the past 20 years. Methods, aims: the aim of the study was to verify the effect of clodronate treatment (1 600 mg/day pero-rally) on the quality of life and the subjective perception of statě of health in Czech oncology patients using responses from EQ-5D (and particularly the VSA - visual analogue scale - level). 300 patients with either metastasised breast cancer or multiple myeloma were included in the study. Results: Clodronate treatment lasted for 9 months and yielded a significant improvement in overall patient mobility (p < 0.02) and the ability to carry out normál daily tasks (p < 0.001); it significantly reduced pains and/or other marked difficulties (p < 0.001) and also lowered the incidence of anxiety attacks or depressi-on (p < 0.001), when compared with the statě before treatment. Clodronate treatment was not shown to improve a patienťs ability to look after themselves (p = 0.19). Clodronate treatment did, however, signifi-cantly improve how patients subjectively perceived their health status on the VAS scale, when compared with the start of treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study confirmed that clodronate (BONEFOS®) treatment considerably improves the subjective perception of statě of health in oncology patients and significantly boosts their quality of life.

• Klíčová slova
• Bonefos,
• MeSH
• bolest farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dichlormethylendifosfonát farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metastázy nádorů farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nádory kostí farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: An expanding number of monogenic defects have been identified as causative of severe forms of very early-onset inflammatory bowel diseases [VEO-IBD]. The present study aimed at defining how next-generation sequencing [NGS] methods can be used to improve identification of known molecular diagnosis and to adapt treatment. METHODS: A total of 207 children were recruited in 45 paediatric centres through an international collaborative network [ESPGHAN GENIUS working group] with a clinical presentation of severe VEO-IBD [n = 185] or an anamnesis suggestive of a monogenic disorder [n = 22]. Patients were divided at inclusion into three phenotypic subsets: predominantly small bowel inflammation, colitis with perianal lesions, and colitis only. Methods to obtain molecular diagnosis included functional tests followed by specific Sanger sequencing, custom-made targeted NGS, and in selected cases whole exome sequencing [WES] of parents-child trios. Genetic findings were validated clinically and/or functionally. RESULTS: Molecular diagnosis was achieved in 66/207 children [32%]: 61% with small bowel inflammation, 39% with colitis and perianal lesions, and 18% with colitis only. Targeted NGS pinpointed gene mutations causative of atypical presentations, and identified large exonic copy number variations previously missed by WES. CONCLUSIONS: Our results lead us to propose an optimised diagnostic strategy to identify known monogenic causes of severe IBD.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

Common carp is a major aquaculture species worldwide, commonly sold alive but also as processed headless carcass or filets. However, recording of processing yields is impossible on live breeding candidates, and alternatives for genetic improvement are either sib selection based on slaughtered fish, or indirect selection on correlated traits recorded in vivo. Morphological predictors that can be measured on live fish and that correlate with real slaughter yields hence remain a possible alternative. To quantify the power of morphological predictors for genetic improvement of yields, we estimated genetic parameters of slaughter yields and various predictors in 3-year-old common carp reared communally under semi-intensive pond conditions. The experimental stock was established by a partial factorial design of 20 dams and 40 sires, and 1553 progenies were assigned to their parents using 12 microsatellites. Slaughter yields were highly heritable (h2 = 0.46 for headless carcass yield, 0.50 for filet yield) and strongly genetically correlated with each other (rg = 0.96). To create morphological predictors, external (phenotypes, 2D digitization) and internal measurements (ultrasound imagery) were recorded and combined by multiple linear regression to predict slaughter yields. The accuracy of the phenotypic prediction was high for headless carcass yield (R2 = 0.63) and intermediate for filet yield (R2 = 0.49). Interestingly, heritability of predicted slaughter yields (0.48-0.63) was higher than that of the real yields to predict, and had high genetic correlations with the real yields (rg = 0.84-0.88). In addition, both predicted yields were highly phenotypically and genetically correlated with each other (0.95 for both), suggesting that using predicted headless carcass yield in a breeding program would be a good way to also improve filet yield. Besides, two individual predictors (P1 and P2) included in the prediction models and two simple internal measurements (E4 and E23) exhibited intermediate to high heritability estimates (h2 = 0.34 - 0.72) and significant genetic correlations to the slaughter yields (rg = |0.39 - 0.83|). The results show that there is a solid potential for genetic improvement of slaughter yields by selecting for predictor traits recorded on live breeding candidates of common carp.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The PHB production by Cupriavidus necator H16 depends on the type and concentration of stress factors and on the time of stress application. Hydrogen peroxide and ethanol significantly enhanced PHB accumulation in C. necator cells. Improved yields (10.9 g/L PHB) were observed after exposure of bacterial culture to 0.5 mmol/L H2O2 at the beginning of cultivation and to additional peroxide stress (5 mmol/L H2O2) after 60 h of cultivation (beginning of the stationary phase). Production was then approximately 28 % higher than in control (8.50 g/L PHB). The highest yields (11.2 g/L PHB) were observed when ethanol (0.5 %) was applied at the beginning of stationary phase. An application of exogenous stress could thus be used as a simple strategy for a significant improvement of PHB production in C. necator.

• MeSH
• Cupriavidus necator fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• ethanol toxicita   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fyziologický stres MeSH
• hydroxybutyráty metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxid vodíku toxicita   MeSH
• polyestery metabolismus   MeSH

The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a hybrid disintegration process with the use of alkalization and freezing by dry ice on waste activated sludge (WAS) and on the course of the process of mesophilic methane fermentation. In order to achieve the mentioned goal, various analytical techniques were used for assessment of the sludge disintegration and its influence on the further biogas production. As a result of the investigation, it was found that the chemical-thermal process of destruction of WAS results in an increased concentration of organic compounds in the supernatant (expressed as a change in the value of the soluble chemical oxygen demand - SCOD). The use of disintegrated WAS and feeding of the material into the fermentation digester influences, depending on its proportion by volume, the production of biogas and the biogas yield (higher biogas production by ca. 39% in comparison to blank sample was achieved with the appropriately disintegrated sludge). The hybrid process is simple and easy to implement in the full technical scale and does not influence or change the pH value of the sludge feed into the fermentation chambers (the dry ice neutralizes the high pH of the sludge). Additionally, it was determined that the herein developed process, can improve hygienization of the digested sludge.

• MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• biopaliva analýza   MeSH
• bioreaktory mikrobiologie   MeSH
• čištění vody metody   MeSH
• hydrolýza MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• měření biologické spotřeby kyslíku MeSH
• methan biosyntéza   MeSH
• odpad tekutý - odstraňování metody   MeSH
• odpadní vody chemie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• sanitace metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cílem této práce je seznámení s možnostmi, které dává NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery). Je to technika, která umožňuje přístup do dutiny břišní, event. dutiny hrudní, přes přirozené otvory s endoskopickou vizualizací a slučuje dovednosti chirurgů a endoskopistů. Materiál a metoda: Přístup do dutiny břišní historicky vyžadoval laparotomii event. později laparoskopii (ekvivalentně přístup do dutiny hrudní). NOTES používá následující přístupy: transgastrický, PEG-like přístup, transkolický, transvezikální, transvaginální s nebo bez eventuální minilaparoskopické kontroly. Od roku 2004, kdy byla tato metoda poprvé představena, byla publikována řada studií. Autoři s využitím databáze Medline vyhledali současné pohledy na techniku NOTES. Soustředili se na současné možnosti této metody. Hledali výhody této techniky, ale poukazují i na její slabé místa. Hledali doporučení, které bude směřovat k aplikaci této techniky u lidí. Výsledky: Celkem bylo publikováno více než 100 článků na toto téma (Medline). Jednotlivé články prezentují studie na zvířatech, technické problémy, návrhy na zlepšení technického vybavení a dále shrnující články. Existují ústní sdělení o provedení transgastrické nebo transvaginální apendektomie a cholecystektomie u lidí. Závěr: Ještě stále existuje řada kontroverzí, které brání zavedení této metody do běžné praxe. Každopádně tato technika prochází obrovským vývojem a není možné jen pasivně přihlížet tomuto dynamickému rozvoji, ale je třeba aktivně stanovit indikace a kontraindikace případného použití této metody.

Introduction: The aim of this review is to inform about the possibilities offered by NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery). This technique allows to access into the peritoneal cavity, respectively thoracic cavity, through natural orifices using endoscopical visualization. This technique unites the skills of surgeons and endoscopists. Material: The laparotomy or laparoscopy (in parallel into the thoracic cavity) was required for the access into the peritoneal cavity (thoracic cavity) historically. NOTES uses the following accesses: transgastric, PEG-like access, transcolical, transvesical, transvaginal with or without possible mini-laparoscopical control. Since the introduction of this method for the first time in 2004, many studies have been published. Using the databases Medline the authors searched the current view on NOTES technique. They focused on current possibilities offered by this technique. They searched advantages of this technique and its weak points as well. They looked at recommendations leading to the application of this technique for human. Result: More than 100 articles focusing on this subject were published together according to Medline. The single articles present animal studies, technical problems, and suggestions for technical equipment improvement and review articles. They are verbal presentation about successful transgastric or transvaginal appendicectomy or cholecystectomy by humans. Conclusion: They are many controversies obstructing introduction of this method into common praxis. This technique is undergoing an immense progression and it is not possible to only passively observe this dynamic development, but it is necessary to actively make the indications and contraindications for the possible usage of this method.

• MeSH
• apendektomie metody   statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• chirurgie trávicího traktu klasifikace   metody   využití   MeSH
• cholecystektomie metody   statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• endoskopie metody   využití   MeSH
• experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
• gastrointestinální nemoci chirurgie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• MEDLINE MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The aim of this paper was to test the use of dual microbial inoculation with mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi in onion cultivation to enhance yield while maintaining or improving the nutritional quality of onion bulbs. Treatments were two-factorial: (1) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF): the mix corresponding to fungal part of commercial product Symbivit (Glomus etunicatum, G. microaggregatum, G. intraradices, G. claroideum, G. mosseae, and G. geosporum) (M1) or the single-fungus inoculum of G. intraradices BEG140 (M2) and (2) bark chips preinoculated with saprotrophic fungi (mix of Gymnopilus sp., Agrocybe praecox, and Marasmius androsaceus) (S). The growth response of onion was the highest for the M1 mix treatment, reaching nearly 100% increase in bulb fresh weight. The effectiveness of dual inoculation was proved by more than 50% increase. We observed a strong correlation (r = 0.83) between the growth response of onion bulbs and AM colonization. All inoculation treatments but the single-fungus one enhanced significantly the total antioxidant capacity of bulb biomass, was the highest values being found for M1, S + M1, and S + M2. We observed some induced enhancement of the contents of mineral elements in bulb tissue (Mg and K contents for the M2 and M2, S, and S + M2 treatments, resp.).

• MeSH
• česneky MeSH
• houby fyziologie   MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Knowledge on spatial distribution of crop yield in relation to fixed soil fertilisation with exogenous organic materials is essential for improving precise crop and soil management practices within a field. This study assessed the effect of various application rates and types of exogenous (recycled) organic materials (EOMs) containing different organic matter and nitrogen contents vs. mineral nitrogen on the yield of maize by means of linear regressions (trends), spatial kriging-interpolated maps, and Bland-Altman statistics. The experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 on two soils, i.e. loam silt in Braszowice (Poland) and clay silt loam in Pusté Jakartice (Czech Republic) under a cross-border cooperation project. The organic materials included compost from manure, slurry, and straw (Ag), industrial organic compost from sewage sludge (Ra), animal meal from animal by-products (Mb), and digestate from a biogas fries factory (Dg). The following 3 application rates of each EOM were adjusted according to the reference 100% = 200 kg N ha-1: 50 (50% N from EOM and 50% mineral N), 75 (75% N from EOM and 25% mineral N), and 100 (100% N from EOM). 100% mineral N was applied on control plots. All treatments were carried out in 4 replicates. The linear regressions between the EOM application rates and the maize yield were in general ascending in the Braszowice soil and descending in the more productive Pusté Jakartice soil. The spatial kriging-interpolated maps allowed separating zones of lower and higher yields with EOMs compared to the control. They were attributed in part to the different EOM application rates and soil water contents. The Bland-Altaman statistics showed that addition of 50% of N from EOMs in 2013 caused a decrease and an increase in the maize grain yield in Braszowice and Pusté Jakartice, respectively, whereas the inverse was true with the 75 and 100% EOM additions. In 2014, the yield of maize for silage increased with the increasing EOM application rate in Braszowice and decreased in Pusté Jakartice, but it was smaller on all EOM-amended plots than in the control. As shown by the limits of agreement lines, the maize yields were more even in Pusté Jakartice than Braszowice. These results provide helpful information for selection of the most yield-producing EOM rates depending on the site soil conditions and prevalent weather conditions.

• MeSH
• kompostování * MeSH
• kukuřice setá růst a vývoj   MeSH
• pěstování plodin * MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva * MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Polsko MeSH