This review brings a survey of the literature on analytical isotachophoresis (ITP) from the years 2010-2012. It confirms the fact that ITP alone is not used for analyses frequently but that its online combinations with other methods are of paramount importance. This review shows that the inherent features of the technique and first of all its concentrating ability are still unique for reaching high sensitivity and efficient sample cleanup in analytical applications. The part devoted to theory is mostly represented by computer simulations and confirms the power and significance of this approach. The section oriented at instrumentation and techniques shows the advantages of ITP in column combinations and microchip techniques. The chapter reviewing the applications is categorized according to the techniques applied, viz., column switching, on line ITP-CZE and on-chip analyses. The final part of the review is devoted to the nearly omnipresent electrophoresis principle of transient isotachophoresis, and to the advantages that it may offer for detection and sampling. In all parts, the significance of the operational conditions is also considered and where possible, the electrolyte system is explicitly presented.
Chapman and Hall/CRC Mathematical Biology and Medicine Series
1st ed. xxvi, 426 s.
- MeSH
- Computer Simulation MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- onkologie
- lékařská informatika
The analytical model suggested some time ago for the calculation of bond indices in infinite periodical structures was reconsidered and extended so as to provide not only realistic estimate of the extent of electron sharing localized among individual pairs of the atoms in the lattice but also to detect the eventual presence of multicenter bonding in metallic solids.
- MeSH
- Algorithms MeSH
- Models, Chemical MeSH
- Electrons MeSH
- Quantum Theory MeSH
- Lithium chemistry MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
A semi-analytical model of light ions' Bragg peaks is presented and used in conjunction with a detailed probabilistic radiobiological module to predict the biological effectiveness of light ion irradiation for hadrontherapy applications. The physical Bragg peak model is based on energy-loss calculations with the SRIM code and phenomenological formulae for the energy-loss straggling. Effects of nuclear reactions are accounted for on the level of reducing the number of primary particles only. Reaction products are not followed at all and their contribution to dose deposition is neglected. Beam widening due to multiple scattering and calculations of spread-out Bragg peaks are briefly discussed. With this simple physical model, integral depth-dose distributions are calculated for protons, carbon, oxygen and neon ions. A good agreement with published experimental data is observed for protons and lower energy ions (with ranges in water up to approximately 15 cm), while less satisfactory results are obtained for higher energy ions due to the increased role of nuclear reaction products, neglected in this model. A detailed probabilistic radiobiological module is used to complement the simple physical model and to estimate biological effectiveness along the penetration depth of Bragg peak irradiation. Excellent agreement is found between model predictions and experimental data for carbon beams, indicating potential applications of the present scheme in treatment planning in light ion hadrontherapy. Due to the semi-analytical character of the model, leading to high computational speed, applications are foreseen in particular in the fully biological optimization of multiple irradiation fields and intensity-modulated beams.
The human respiratory system is continuously exposed to varying levels of hazardous substances ranging from environmental toxins to purposely administered drugs. If the noxious effects exceed the inherent regenerative capacity of the respiratory system, injured tissue undergoes complex remodeling that can significantly affect lung function and lead to various diseases. Advanced near-to-native in vitro lung models are required to understand the mechanisms involved in pulmonary damage and repair and to reliably test the toxicity of compounds to lung tissue. This review is an overview of the development of in vitro respiratory system models used for study of lung diseases. It includes discussion of using these models for environmental toxin assessment and pulmonary toxicity screening.
- MeSH
- Models, Biological * MeSH
- Cell Culture Techniques MeSH
- Respiratory System * anatomy & histology MeSH
- Lab-On-A-Chip Devices MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microfluidics MeSH
- Tissue Scaffolds MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
This review brings a survey of papers on analytical ITP published since 2014 until the first quarter of 2016. The 50th anniversary of ITP as a modern analytical method offers the opportunity to present a brief view on its beginnings and to discuss the present state of the art from the viewpoint of the history of its development. Reviewed papers from the field of theory and principles confirm the continuing importance of computer simulations in the discovery of new and unexpected phenomena. The strongly developing field of instrumentation and techniques shows novel channel methodologies including use of porous media and new on-chip assays, where ITP is often included in a preseparative or even preparative function. A number of new analytical applications are reported, with ITP appearing almost exclusively in combination with other principles and methods.
- MeSH
- Inorganic Chemicals analysis MeSH
- Electrophoresis, Capillary * instrumentation methods MeSH
- Isotachophoresis * instrumentation methods MeSH
- Microchip Analytical Procedures MeSH
- Nanoparticles analysis MeSH
- Organic Chemicals analysis MeSH
- Computer Simulation MeSH
- Surface Properties MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
The development of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for the two-year period from mid-2014 to mid-2016 is covered in this review. This includes a survey of fundamental studies and further developments of the measuring technique reported as well as a discussion of new applications. These mostly concern capillary electrophoresis carried out in conventional capillaries as well as on microchip electrophoresis devices. The main focus is on the determination of small non-UV-absorbing organic ions and inorganic ions in different types of samples of clinical, nutritional or environmental interest. Outside of electrophoresis contactless conductivity detection is finding uses in detection in column chromatography, flow-injection analysis and industrial applications.
- MeSH
- Inorganic Chemicals analysis MeSH
- Chromatography methods MeSH
- Equipment Design MeSH
- Electric Conductivity MeSH
- Electrodes MeSH
- Electrophoresis, Capillary instrumentation methods MeSH
- Electrophoresis, Microchip instrumentation methods MeSH
- Ions analysis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Organic Chemicals analysis MeSH
- Computer Simulation MeSH
- Flow Injection Analysis methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
