OBJECTIVES: A growing body of research has incorporated the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) into an expanded understanding of the social determinants of health. Although each component of SVI and its association with individual-level mental health conditions have been well discussed, variation in mentally unhealthy days (MUDs) at a county level is still unexplored. To systematically examine the geographically varying relationships between SVI and MUDs across the US counties, our study adopted two different methods: 1) aspatial regression modeling (ordinary least square [OLS]); and 2) locally calibrated spatial regression (geographically weighted regression [GWR]). STUDY DESIGN: This study used a cross-sectional statistical design and geospatial data manipulation/analysis techniques. Analytical unit is each of the 3109 counties in the continental USA. METHODS: We tested the model performance of two different methods and suggest using both methods to reduce potential issues (e.g., Simpson's paradox) when researchers apply aspatial analysis to spatially coded data sets. We applied GWR after checking the spatial dependence of residuals and non-stationary issues in OLS. GWR split a single OLS equation into 3109 equations for each county. RESULTS: Among 15 SVI variables, a combination of eight variables showed the best model performance. Notably, unemployment, person with a disability, and single-parent households with children aged under 18 years especially impacted the variation of MUDs in OLS. GWR showed better model performance than OLS and specified each county's varying relationships between subcomponents of SVI and MUDs. For example, GWR specified that 69.3% (2157 of 3109) of counties showed positive relationships between single-parent households and MUDs across the USA. Higher positive relationships were concentrated in Michigan, Kansas, Texas, and Louisiana. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings could contribute to the literature regarding social determinants of community mental health by specifying spatially varying relationships between SVI and MUDs across US counties. Regarding policy implementation, in counties containing more social and physical minorities (e.g., single-parent households and disabled population), policymakers should attend to these groups of people and increase intervention programs to reduce potential or current mental health illness. The results of GWR could help policymakers determine the specific counties that need more support to reduce regional mental health disparities.
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- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- prostorová analýza MeSH
- prostorová regrese * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sociální zranitelnost * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Michigan MeSH
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dieta - přehledy MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fertilita * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- potrava z moře (živočišná) * analýza MeSH
- přijímání potravy * fyziologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- sexuální chování * MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- komentáře MeSH
- souhrny MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Michigan MeSH
- Texas MeSH
The aim of this retrospective study was to assess if negative treadmill echocardiographic (NTME) results retained their favorable prognosis over a long period of follow-up (median, 95 months) in the setting of ischemic stress electrocardiographic (ISECG) results. METHODS: Consecutive patients with NTME results were analyzed as 2 groups (those with ISECG results and those with normal stress electrocardiographic results). Patients were followed up for a median duration of 95 months to identify major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and coronary revascularization. RESULTS: Six hundred seventy-seven patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Fifty-eight patients had MACEs (8.6%). The annual event rate was 1%. There was an increased unadjusted rate of MACEs among patients with ISECG results (15% vs 8%; P = .025). After adjusting for clinical and stress variables, ISECG results were not independently predictive of MACEs (P = .2). Female gender, prior coronary artery disease, metabolic equivalents achieved, and chest pain at stress were the independent predictors of MACEs. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with NTME results had excellent long-term outcomes, regardless of ISECG results, over a median 95-month follow-up period. The findings of this study reaffirm the importance of benign long-term outcomes in the setting of good exercise capacity.
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- analýza přežití MeSH
- echokardiografie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- hodnocení rizik metody MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci mortalita ultrasonografie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- zátěžový test statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Michigan MeSH
- MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- oktany chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- testy toxicity MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Michigan MeSH
