Dry eye is one of the most common eye diseases. Its etiopathogenesis is multifactorial, being closely linked to local and systemic diseases. The main cause of dry eye is pathological changes leading to instability of the tear film. Secondarily, these processes are reflected in changes in the surface of the eye. Genetic predisposition, age, gender, environmental impact as well as other factors, such as wearing contact lenses, eye pathologies, systemic diseases, hormonal influences, psychosomatic aspects, or the effects of some drugs, play a role in the development of dry eye. A patient with dry eye suffers from burning and cutting and transient visual disturbances, but some forms are associated with photophobia, pain, and, in the case of corneal damage, visual functions may be permanently impaired. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical examination and tests evaluating the amount of tear production or the stability of the tear film. Treatment is individual, optimally targeted according to etiology, but mostly symptomatic. It consists in a differentiated application of artificial tears of various compositions and various forms. In the case of complicated inflammatory course, it is possible to indicate the administration of local and systemic glucocorticoids, application of autologous serum, collagen plugs for punctal occlusion or the use of cyclosporine A and amniotic membrane.
Dry eye is one of the most common eye diseases. Its etiopathogenesis is multifactorial with close links to local and systemic diseases. The main cause of dry eye are pathological changes leading to instability of the tear film. Secondarily, these processes are reflected in changes to the surface of the eye. Genetic predisposition, age, gender, environmental impact, but also other factors such as wearing contact lenses, eye pathologies, systemic diseases, hormonal influences, psychosomatic aspects, the effects of some drugs, and more play the role in the development of dry eye. Patient with dry eye suffer with burning and cutting, transient visual disturbances, but some forms are associated with photophobia, pain, and visual functions may be permanently impaired by the cornea damage. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical examination and tests evaluating the amount of tears production or stability of the tear film. Treatment is individual, optimally targeted according to etiology, but mostly symptomatic. Lies in the differentiated application of artificial tears of different composition and different forms. During the course of inflammatory problematic is possible to indicate the aplication of local and systemic glucocorticoids, application of autologous serum, obturation lacrimal collagen closures or the use of cyclosporine A and amniotic membrane.
- MeSH
- Catalogs, Drug as Topic MeSH
- Disease Attributes MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mucins MeSH
- Eye anatomy & histology MeSH
- Ophthalmic Solutions classification therapeutic use MeSH
- Tears physiology drug effects MeSH
- Dry Eye Syndromes * diagnosis etiology physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Inflammation drug therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
... 3.17 Traumatic Optic Neuropathy 48 -- 4 Cornea 51 -- 4.1 Superficial Punctate Keratitis 51 -- 4.2 Dry Eye ... ... -- 6.11 Malignant Tumors of the Eyelid 149 -- 7 Orbit 153 -- 7.1 Orbital Disease 153 -- 7.2 Thyroid Eye ... ... Disease (Graves’ Ophthalmopathy) 155 -- 7.3 Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor (Nonspecific Orbital Inflammatory ... ... Open-Angle Glaucoma 209 -- 10.2 Low-Tension Glaucoma 213 -- 10.3 Angle-Recession Glaucoma 215 -- 10.4 Inflammatory ... ... Convergence Insufficiency 437 -- 15.7 Accommodative Spasm 439 -- 15.8 Hypotony 440 -- 15.9 Blind, Painful Eye ...
Second edition xviii, 489 stran : ilustrace ; 23 cm
- MeSH
- Eye Diseases diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Emergency Treatment MeSH
- Publication type
- Handbook MeSH
- Conspectus
- Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
- NML Fields
- urgentní lékařství
- oftalmologie
Zánětlivá onemocnění oka představují nesourodou skupinu onemocnění, která mohou vést ke zhoršení vidění až ke ztrátě oka. Autorka ve své práci podává ucelený stručný přehled nejčastěji se vyskytujících onemocnění, uvádí jejich příznaky, klinický obraz.
- MeSH
- Glucocorticoids administration & dosage MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mydriatics administration & dosage MeSH
- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms MeSH
- Uveitis, Anterior diagnosis complications therapy MeSH
- Uveitis diagnosis classification therapy MeSH
- Uveitis, Posterior diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
1st ed. 249 s. : il. ; 29 cm
- MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Eye Diseases MeSH
- Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome MeSH
- Publication type
- Monograph MeSH
- Conspectus
- Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
- NML Fields
- oftalmologie
Úvod: Celosvětově je zábavní pyrotechnika používána především během oslav a svátků. S nárůstem jejího užívání dochází i ke vzrůstající četnosti úrazů. Petardy způsobují poranění oka trojím mechanismem: popálením, otřesením a výbuchem a průnikem cizích tělísek do oka. Incidence v různých státech se liší. Kazuistika: 49letému pacientovi při silvestrovské oslavě vystřelila petarda přímo do oka. Na Oční klinice FNHK byla provedena revize s nálezem dilacerace skléry a rohovky, ztráty uveální tkáně a čočky, hemorhagické ablace choroidey. Pooperačně byla podávána celková i lokální protizánětlivá terapie. Diskuze: Nejčastěji jsou postiženi mladí muži, kteří s petardami před úrazem přímo manipulují. Alkohol bývá prokázán v menšině případů. Většina poranění je mírných, asi jedna pětina úrazů je těžkých s následkem výrazného snížení zrakové ostrosti. Závěr: Oční úrazy petardou jsou vzácné, ale mohou způsobit velmi vážná poranění, které jsme popsali i v naší kazuistice. U našeho pacienta došlo k těžkému snížení zrakové ostrosti a omezení v osobním i pracovním životě.
Introduction: In different places across the world, bangers and explosives are used during celebrations and holidays. With increasing usage of fireworks increases also frequency of injuries. Explosives may cause three types of ocular injury: burns, blast or concussion effects and injuries related to foreign bodies penetrating into the eye. Incidence varies in different countries. Case: A 49-year-old man got injured during New Year’s Eve celebrations. A banger exploded directly into his left eye. At the Ophthalmology Clinic of University Hospital Hradec Králové a revision was conducted with finding of dilaceration of sclera and cornea, loss of uveal tissue and lens, haemorrhagic ablation of choroidea. Postoperatively systematic and local anti-inflammatory therapy was used. Discussion: Usually these injuries are most common at young men, who are actively working with explosives before getting hurt. Alcohol is proven in minority of cases. Most of the injuries are mild, about one fifth of injuries are severe with significant loss of vision. Conclusion: Ocular injuries from fireworks are rare but can result in a very serious condition, like we described in our case-report. Our patient’s injury resulted in severe loss of vision and problems not only in personal but also in professional life.
- Keywords
- zábavní pyrotechnika,
- MeSH
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Explosions * MeSH
- Incidence MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Eye Burns etiology therapy MeSH
- Eye Injuries * etiology surgery therapy MeSH
- Accidents, Home MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Eye MeSH
- Eye Diseases MeSH
- Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures MeSH
- Eye Injuries MeSH
- Inflammation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
Červené oko je nespecifický stav, se kterým nejčastěji pacient přichází k očnímu lékaři. Představuje široký pojem, jenž je projevem různých klinických jednotek. V běžné praxi se s ním setkávají nejenom oftalmologové, ale i pediatři, praktičtí lékaři a celá řada dalších specialistů. Mohou se tak prezentovat i závažné systémové stavy, v případě že nejsou tato onemocnění dostatečně kompenzována nebo vůbec diagnostikována a léčena, mohou končit těžkým očním postižením. Cílem je prezentovat zejména oční choroby vyžadující mezioborovou spolupráci a stavy, jež mohou činit diagnostické potíže.
Red eye is a non-specific status, which is the most often reason the patient comes to the eye doctor. It might be the manifestation of different clinical units. In current practice occupies not only ophthalmologists but also pediatricians, physicians and many other specialists. Serious systemic diseases may be presented with red eye. If these disorders aren´t enough compensated or properly diagnosed and treated, they can cause severe problems. The aim is to present the eye diseases which require interdisciplinary cooperation and the findings of the eye, which can make the diagnosis difficult.
- Keywords
- mezioborová spolupráce,
- MeSH
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic diagnosis physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane diagnosis physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Iridocyclitis diagnosis drug therapy physiopathology MeSH
- Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula diagnosis surgery physiopathology MeSH
- Conjunctivitis diagnosis physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Eye Hemorrhage diagnosis etiology physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Corneal Diseases diagnosis physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Conjunctival Diseases diagnosis physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Eye Infections diagnosis physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Eye Diseases * diagnosis physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Eye Injuries * diagnosis physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Uveitis, Anterior diagnosis drug therapy physiopathology MeSH
- Rosacea diagnosis physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Scleritis diagnosis drug therapy physiopathology MeSH
- Inflammation * diagnosis etiology physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Doprovodné extraintestinální projevy zánětlivého střevního onemocnění se vyskytují u jedné třetiny pacientů. Oční komplikace těchto onemocnění jsou vzácné, vyskytují se u méně než 10 % případů, ale mohou být spojené s významnou morbiditou. Oční potíže jsou často nespecifické a zahrnují slzení, pálení nebo svědění očí, bolest očí, fotofobii, hyperémii spojivky nebo skléry až pokles zrakové ostrosti. Oční zánět nejčastěji postihne episkléru – episkleritida, dále bývá diagnostikována skleritida a uveitida. Oční vyšetření by mělo být rutinní součástí péče o pacienty s idiopatickými střevními záněty. Oční příznaky vzácně předcházejí diagnózu ulcerózní kolitidy a Crohnovy choroby, většinou se objeví spolu s aktivním střevním zánětem. Důležité je pacienty s idiopatickými střevními záněty informovat o riziku očních komplikací.
Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease occur in one third of patients. Ocular complications are infrequent, occurring in less than 10 % of cases, but can be associated with significant morbidity. Ocular complaints are often nonspecific and include watery, burning or itchy eyes, ocular pain, photophobia, conjunctival or scleral hyperemia, decrease of visual acuity. Ocular inflammation often affects episclera – episcleritis, next scleritis and uveitis can be diagnosed. Eye investigation should be a routine part in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ocular symptoms may rarely precede a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease; in most cases they appear together with active bowel inflammation. It is important to inform the patients with idiopathic bowel disease about a risk of eye complications.
- Keywords
- episkleritida, Crohnova choroba,
- MeSH
- Crohn Disease complications MeSH
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases * complications MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Corneal Diseases diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MeSH
- Eye Diseases * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Scleritis diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Colitis, Ulcerative complications MeSH
- Uveitis diagnosis etiology genetics classification complications therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
