microbial population
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The methodical developments in the fields of molecular biology and analytical chemistry significantly increased the level of detail that we achieve when exploring soils and their microbial inhabitants. High-resolution description of microbial communities, detection of taxa with minor abundances, screening of gene expression or the detailed characterization of metabolomes are nowadays technically feasible. Despite all of this, our understanding of soil is limited in many ways. The imperfect tools to describe microbial communities and limited possibilities to assign traits to community members make it difficult to link microbes to functions. Also the analysis of processes exemplified by enzyme activity measurements is still imperfect. In the future, it is important to look at soil at a finer detail to obtain a better picture on the properties of individual microbes, their in situ interactions, metabolic rates and activity at a scale relevant to individual microbes. Scaling up is needed as well to get answers at ecosystem or biome levels and to enable global modelling. The recent development of novel tools including metabolomics, identification of genomes in metagenomics sequencing datasets or collection of trait data have the potential to bring soil ecology further. It will, however, always remain a highly demanding scientific discipline.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace enzymologie genetika MeSH
- ekologie MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- houby klasifikace enzymologie genetika MeSH
- metabolomika MeSH
- metagenomika MeSH
- mikrobiota genetika MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Microbial colonization on the titanium condenser material (TCM) used in the cooling system leads to biofouling and corrosion and influences the water supply. The primary investigation of the titanium condenser was infrequently studied on characterizing biofilm-forming bacterial communities. Different treatment methods like electropotential charge, ultrasonication, and copper coating of titanium condenser material may influence the microbial population over the surface of the titanium condensers. The present study aimed to catalog the primary colonizers and the effect of different treatment methods on the microbial community. CFU (1.7 × 109 CFU/mL) and ATP count (< 5000 × 10-7 relative luminescence units) showed a minimal microbial population in copper-coated surface biofilm as compared with the other treatments. Live and dead cell result also showed consistency with colony count. The biofilm sample on the copper-coated surface showed an increased dead cell count and decreased live cells. In the metagenomic approach, the microbiome coverage was 10.06 Mb in samples derived from copper-coated TCM than in other treated samples (electropotential charge-17.94 Mb; ultrasonication-20.01 Mb), including control (10.18 Mb). Firmicutes preponderate the communities in the biofilm samples, and Proteobacteria stand next in the population in all the treated condenser materials. At the genus level, Lactobacillaceae and Azospirillaceae dominated the biofilm community. The metagenome data suggested that the attached community is different from those biofilm samples based on the environment that influences the bacterial community. The outcome of the present study depicts that copper coating was effective against biofouling and corrosion resistance of titanium condenser material for designing long-term durability.
- MeSH
- Bacteria metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- biodegradace účinky léků MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- houby metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- kvasinky metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakologie MeSH
- nitrofenoly farmakologie chemická syntéza toxicita MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí prevence a kontrola MeSH
Acanthamoeba is known to interact with a plethora of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. In these interactions, the amoebae can be predatory in nature, transmission vehicle or an incubator. Amoebae consume microorganisms, especially bacteria, as food source to fulfil their nutritional needs by taking up bacteria through phagocytosis and lysing them in phagolysosomes and hence play an eminent role in the regulation of bacterial density in the nature and accountable for eradication of around 60% of the bacterial population in the environment. Acanthamoeba can also act as a "Trojan horse" for microbial transmission in the environment. Additionally, Acanthamoeba may serve as an incubator-like reservoir for microorganisms, including those that are pathogenic to humans, where the microorganisms use amoebae's defences to resist harsh environment and evade host defences and drugs, whilst growing in numbers inside the amoebae. Furthermore, amoebae can also be used as a "genetic melting pot" where exchange of genes as well as adaptation of microorganisms, leading to higher pathogenicity, may arise. Here, we describe bacteria, fungi and viruses that are known to interact with Acanthamoeba spp.
Microorganisms do not live alone, but rather they communicate using diverse „languages“. In general, each bacterial species produces and responds to a unique autoinducer signal. Gram-negative bacteria use N-acylated homoserine lactones and gram-positive bacteria use oligopeptides as autoinducers. Function of autoinducer 2 is bacterial interspecies cell-to-cell communication. The structure and function of two main signaling molecules (farnesol and tyrosol) in the C. albicans quorum sensing (QS) system were also already described. Signaling molecules control the behavior of the whole population (especially virulence factors expression). That’s why QS systems represent a new therapeutic target, especially because of an increasing worldwide antibiotic resistance. Quorum sensing inhibitors are a promising direction in the treatment of infection caused by pathogenic micro¬organisms.
- Klíčová slova
- signální molekuly, N-acyl-homoserin lakton, inhibitory quorum sensing,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- antiinfekční látky MeSH
- Bacteria genetika klasifikace metabolismus patogenita MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- biofilmy MeSH
- Candida albicans patogenita MeSH
- česnek MeSH
- houby metabolismus patogenita MeSH
- kvasinky metabolismus patogenita MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie klasifikace MeSH
- mezibuněčná komunikace MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa patogenita MeSH
- quorum sensing * fyziologie genetika účinky léků MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- Vibrio cholerae patogenita MeSH
- virulence genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
10th ed. 8 sv. : il. ; 28 cm + 1 CD-ROM
- MeSH
- alergologie a imunologie MeSH
- bakteriologie MeSH
- mikrobiologie MeSH
- mykologie MeSH
- parazitologie MeSH
- virologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence analýza MeSH
- antituberkulotika terapeutické užití MeSH
- isoniazid terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyselina salicylová terapeutické užití MeSH
- městské obyvatelstvo MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- plicní tuberkulóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- streptomycin terapeutické užití MeSH
Ecosystems worldwide are exposed to pollutants connected to the industrial production of pharmaceuticals. The objective of this study was to study the composition and characteristics of the soil microbial communities that had been exposed to long-term selection pressure caused by the industrial production of penicillin G. Soil samples from four sites among the penicillin G production plant were analysed using 16S rRNA profiling via Illumina MiSeq platform and were compared with the control samples from four sites outside the plant. Total metagenomic DNA from the impacted soil was also used for the preparation of E. coli T1R-based fosmid library which was consequently qualitatively tested for the presence of penicillin G acylase (PGA)-encoding genes using the method of sequence homology. Analyses of alpha diversity revealed that the long-term antibiotic presence in the soil significantly increased the microbial diversity and richness in terms of Shannon diversity index (p = 0.002) and Chao estimates (p = 0.004). Principal component analysis showed that the two types of communities (on-site and control) could be separated at the phylum, class and genus level. The on-site soil was enriched in Betaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetia, while a significant decrease in Actinobacteria was observed. Metagenomic fosmid library revealed high hit rates in identifying PGAs (14 different genes identified) and confirmed the biotechnological potential of soils impacted by anthropogenic activity. This study offers new insights into the changes in microbial communities of soils exposed to anthropogenic activity as well as indicates that those soils may represent a hotspot for biotechnologically interesting targets.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky biosyntéza MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- metagenom MeSH
- metagenomika MeSH
- mikrobiota * genetika MeSH
- průmyslová mikrobiologie MeSH
- půda MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
