Successful co-introduction of a parasite and its host relies not only on presence of the parasite on host individuals in the founder population but also on the ability of both host and parasite to persist in the new area. Gyrodactylus proterorhini (Monogenea) has been successfully co-introduced with its Ponto-Caspian goby hosts (Babka gymnotrachelus, Neogobius fluviatilis, Neogobius melanostomus, Ponticola kessleri, Proterorhinus semilunaris) to many freshwater systems in Europe and is now widely distributed over four large European river basins (Danube, Rhine, Scheldt and Vistula). Within Europe, higher infection levels are documented in sites further from the native host range. In North America, however, G. proterorhini appears to be absent. Host specificity of G. proterorhini tested under natural conditions showed accidental host-switching onto local fish species (native Perca fluviatilis and non-native Perccottus glenii) in the river Vistula. Further examination of host-switching under experimental conditions, however, showed that G. proterorhini were unable to survive on non-gobiid hosts longer than 24 h. Our results indicate extremely low potential for host-switching of introduced G. proterorhini to non-gobiid hosts, at least in the freshwater systems of Central and Western Europe.

• MeSH
• hostitelská specificita fyziologie   MeSH
• infekce červy třídy Trematoda epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• Perciformes parazitologie   MeSH
• řeky parazitologie   MeSH
• Trematoda izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH
• Severní Amerika epidemiologie   MeSH

The present study is the first survey on the role of Artemia franciscana Kellogg as intermediate host of helminth parasites in its native geographical range in North America (previous studies have recorded nine cestode and one nematode species from this host in its invasive habitats in the Western Mediterranean). Samples of Artemia franciscana were collected from four sites in the Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah, across several months (June-September 2009). A. franciscana serves as intermediate host of five helminth species in this lake. Four of them are cestodes: three hymenolepidids, i.e. Confluaria podicipina (Szymanski, 1905) (adults parasitic in grebes), Hymenolepis (sensu lato) californicus Young, 1950 (adults parasitic in gulls), Wardium sp. (definitive host unknown, probably charadriiform birds), and one dilepidid, Fuhrmannolepis averini Spassky et Yurpalova, 1967 (adults parasitic in phalaropes). In addition, an unidentified nematode of the family Acuariidae was recorded. Confluaria podicipina is the most prevalent and abundant parasite at all sampling sites, followed by H. (s. l.) californicus. The species composition of the parasites and the spatial variations in their prevalence and abundance reflect the abundance and distribution of aquatic birds serving as their definitive hosts. The temporal dynamics of the overall helminth infections exhibits the highest prevalence in the last month of study at each site (August or September). This native population of A. franciscana from GSL is characterised with higher prevalence, intensity and abundance of the overall cestode infection compared to the introduced populations of this species in the Palaearctic Region. The values of the infection descriptors in the native population of A. franciscana are slightly lower or in some cases similar to those of the Palaearctic species Artemia parthenogenetica Barigozzi (diploid populations) and Artemia salina (Linnaeus) in their native habitats.

• MeSH
• Artemia * parazitologie   MeSH
• Cestoda klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• cizopasní červi * klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• helmintózy zvířat epidemiologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• hlístice MeSH
• hostitelská specificita MeSH
• larva klasifikace   MeSH
• ptáci parazitologie   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

• MeSH
• nejistota MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• komentáře MeSH

Even though populations of many large carnivores are expanding throughout Europe, the Eurasian lynx population in the Western Carpathians seems unable to spread beyond the western boundaries of its current distributional range. Many factors, both extrinsic and intrinsic, can influence the potential for range expansion: landscape fragmentation, natal philopatry, low natural fecundity and high mortality, and low and sex-biased dispersal rates. In this study we used non-invasive genetic sampling to determine population size fluctuation, sub-structuring and social organisation of the peripheral lynx population at the Czech-Slovak border. Even though the population size has been relatively stable over the period studied (2010-2016), the individual inbreeding coefficients of residents at the end of the study were much higher than those of founders at the beginning of the study. While non-resident individuals (predominantly males) occurred regularly in the study population, only resident individuals with well-established home ranges participated in breeding and produced offspring. Almost half the offspring detected in the study (predominantly females) settled in or near the natal area. Subsequent incestuous mating resulted in production of inbred individuals, reduction of effective population size of the population, and sub-structuring of the population through formation of two distinct family lineages. Our study illustrates how social constraints, such as territoriality, breeding of residents and natal philopatry of females, lead to incestuous mating in small-sized populations, especially at the periphery of their distribution. This threat should be taken into account in planning of conservation and population recovery of species with similar social structure.

• MeSH
• chov MeSH
• inbreeding MeSH
• Lynx genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• masožravci MeSH
• populační genetika MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Introduction of alien species into new areas can have detrimental effects on native ecosystems and impact the native species. The present study aims to identify coccidia infecting native and introduced squirrels in Italy, to gain insight into possible transmission patterns and role of monoxenous coccidia in mediating the competition between alien and native hosts. We collected 540 faecal samples of native red squirrels, Sciurus vulgaris, invasive alien grey squirrels, S. carolinensis, and introduced Pallas's squirrels, Callosciurus erythraeus. Total prevalence of Eimeria spp. was 95.6% in S. vulgaris, 95.7% in S. carolinensis and only 4.1% in C. erythraeus. Morphological examination revealed 3 Eimeria morphotypes. Phylogenetic analyses of Eimeria DNA based on 18S, ITS, cox I markers displayed fairly distinct monophyletic clades in the microscopically indistinguishable E2 morphotype, proving indisputable distinction between the isolates from red and grey squirrels. Grey squirrels successfully introduced E. lancasterensis from their native range, but this species does not spill over to native red squirrels. Similarly, there is no evidence for the transmission of E. sciurorum from red to grey squirrels. The possible transmission and the potential role of monoxenous coccidia in mediating the competition between native and invasive squirrels in Italy were not confirmed.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• Coccidia klasifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• hostitelská specificita fyziologie   MeSH
• kokcidióza epidemiologie   parazitologie   přenos   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Sciuridae parazitologie   MeSH
• zavlečené druhy * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie epidemiologie   MeSH

A study of mechanical properties of native tissues is a great challenge in biomechanics. Especially, hardly accessible structures that play a very important role within a locomotive system. A study of a cartilaginous endplate (CEP) is just such a challenge. CEP is approximately 0.6 mm thin layer of hyaline cartilage between an intervertebral disc (IVD) and a vertebral body (VB). A calcification or any mechanical damage of CEP can cause restrictions of nutrition and metabolic waste flow inward and outward from IVD, respectively. Degenerative processes influence mechanical properties of the tissue. Due to very small thickness of CEP, instrumental nanoindentation seems to be suitable method for this task. This paper presents a study of time dependent viscoelastic properties of native porcine CEP using nanoscale dynamic mechanical analysis in the range of frequency from 5 Hz to 215 Hz. The storage moduli were obtained in the range from 11.78 MPa to 17.11 MPa. The loss moduli were obtained in the range from 2.96 MPa to 5.32 MPa.

• MeSH
• artroplastika meziobratlové ploténky MeSH
• biomechanika * MeSH
• bolesti zad MeSH
• degenerace meziobratlové ploténky * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mechanické jevy MeSH
• tkáně fyziologie   MeSH
• viskoelastické látky * analýza   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Při transplantaci ledviny postižené onemocněním v konečném stadiu (ESRD) u pacientů s polycystickým onemocněním ledvin (PKD) je naprosto nezbytná prevence peroperačních komplikací souvisejících se zvětšenou polycystickou ledvinou. Autoři studie retrospektivně hodnotí klinický průběh a výsledky transplantace ledviny u pacientů s ESRD a PKD. Do studie bylo zařazeno 11 pacientů (šest mužů a pět žen; střední věk v době transplantace 54 let, rozmezí 37–67 let). Pacienti byli po operaci sledováni po střední dobu 35 měsíců (9–134 měsíců). Ipsilaterální ledvina byla odstraněna současně s transplantací kromě jediného případu, kdy bylo nutné ledvinu odstranit dříve z důvodu infekce. Všichni pacienti jsou naživu s funkčním transplantátem. Střední hodnota kreatininu při posledním měření činila 1,08 (0,67–3,17) mg/dl. Celkem u čtyř pacientů došlo k akutní rejekci, u dvou pacientů se vyskytla virová infekce, u dalších dvou bakteriální infekce ve vlastní ledvině (u jednoho provedena nefrektomie) a u jednoho pacienta ileus. U šesti pacientů došlo ke zmenšení velikosti zbývající ledviny, u čtyř pacientů nebyla zaznamenána žádná změna a pouze u jednoho došlo k jejímu zvětšení, v důsledku čehož byla 11 let po transplantaci indikována nefrektomie. U většiny pacientů dochází po úspěšné transplantaci ledviny ke zmenšení vlastní ledviny s PKD. Ipsilaterální nefrektomie představuje bezpečnou techniku volby pro zajištění místa pro implantaci alograftu.

Prevention of perioperative complications related to an enlarged polycystic native kidney is mandatory when performing kidney transplantation for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The clinical course and outcome of kidney transplantation were retrospectively reviewed in ESRD patients with PKD. Eleven patients (6 males and 5 females; median age 54 years, age range 37–67 years at transplantation) were enrolled in this study. The median postoperative observation period was 35 (9–134) months. The native ipsilateral kidney was simultaneously removed with transplantation except for one case whose native kidney had been removed previously due to infection. All recipients are alive with functioning grafts. The median most recent serum creatinine level was 1.08 (0.67–3.17) mg/dl. Overall, 4 patients experienced acute rejection, 2 had viral infections, 2 had a bacterial native kidney infection (nephrectomized in 1), and 1 had ileus. Remaining kidney size was reduced in 6 patients, with no change in 4 and increased in only 1 patient who underwent native nephrectomy 11 years after transplantation. Native kidneys of PKD patients mostly reduce in size following successful kidney transplantation. Ipsilateral nephrectomy for the purpose of securing allograft space at transplantation is a safe and preferred procedure.

• Klíčová slova
• komplikace, polycystické onemocnění ledvin, nefrektomie vlastní ledviny, transplantace ledviny, onemocnění ledviny v konečném stadiu,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin * chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kreatinin krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nefrektomie * metody   MeSH
• peroperační péče MeSH
• polycystická choroba ledvin chirurgie   komplikace   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace ledvin * metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Na začiatku 21. storočia je natívna mamografia najefektívnejšou metódou pri diagnostike karcinómu prsníka. Hodnoty senzitivity sa v literatúre pohybujú v širokých intervaloch. V našej štúdii v Národnom onkologickom ústave Bratislava sme štatisticky zistili koreláciu výsledkov natívnej mamografie a histológie karcinómu prsníka do 10 mm u 330 žien. Senzitivita natívnej mamografie pri karcinóme prsníka do 10 mm bola 79%, TIS do 10 mm 60%, pT1aN0M0 81% a pT1aN1M0 87%. Natívna mamografia pri karcinóme prsníka do 10 mm mala celkovo 21 % falošne negatívnych výsledkov. Záver tejto štúdie odporúča vykonávať komplexnú diagnostiku karcinómu prsníka, nielen vyšetrenie natívnou mamografiou, ale aj klinické vyšetrenie, ultrasonografické a iné zobrazovacie metódy.

Still at the beginning of the 21st century, mammography remains the most effective diagnostic method for early detection of breast cancer. Sensitivity values reported in literature on the subject vary within a wide range. The study carried out in the National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, showed statistic correlation between mammography and histology results for breast carcinomas up to 10 mm in size in 330 women. The rate of sensitivity of mammography was 79 % for breast carcinomas up to 10 mm in size, 60 % for carcinomas in situ up to 10 mm in size, 81 % for pT1aN0M0, and 87 % for pT1aN1M0. The false negative results rate for mammography in breast carcinomas up to 10 mm in size was 21%. In conclusion, the study recommends comprehensive diagnosis of breast cancer, also involving clinical examination, ultrasonography and other diagnostic methods in addition to mammography.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mamografie využití   MeSH
• nádory prsu diagnóza   radiografie   ultrasonografie   MeSH
• samovyšetření prsu využití   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• ultrasonografie prsů využití   MeSH
• ženy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

We report a very rare case of Streptococcus canis native infective endocarditis in a 73-year-old woman living in close contact with her dog. Her echocardiography showed large calcifications in the mitral annulus, massive regurgitation below the posterior leaflet, and adjacent vegetation. Blood culture was positive for Streptococcus Lancefield group G. A coronary artery bypass and mitral valve replacement had to be done. Streptococcus canis was detected in a heart valve using a broad range PCR followed by 16S rRNA and confirmed by tuf gene sequencing, while tissue culture remained negative. The patient was not bitten by her dog nor did she have comorbidities or skin ulcers. She fully recovered.

• MeSH
• bakteriální endokarditida diagnóza   mikrobiologie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• DNA bakterií chemie   genetika   MeSH
• echokardiografie MeSH
• elongační faktor Tu genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• kalcinóza diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• koronární bypass MeSH
• krev mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitrální chlopeň diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• Streptococcus klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• streptokokové infekce diagnóza   mikrobiologie   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Investigation of protein-protein interactions has arisen as a comprehensive approach for understanding bacterial physiology as well as pathogenesis. From this point of view, bacterial membrane as a place of contact with outer milieu seems to be crucial compartment and therefore, investigation of lipophilic proteins and their interactions is inevitable. Unfortunately, several methods developed for the analysis of protein interaction suffer from their labour intensiveness and underrepresent integral membrane proteins. Therefore, blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) with its simplicity and suitability for lipophilic entities has been widely employed in microbiological research. For investigation of membrane proteins interactions BN-PAGE became a method of choice. The efficacy in this area was proven by the elucidation not only of the stoichiometry, but also dynamic changes of several complexes involved in energetic metabolism, secretion and transport systems, localized both in inner as well as in outer membrane. Moreover, BN-PAGE was also successfully applied on peripheral membrane and cytoplasmic proteins and enabled complex analysis of interactomes of several microorganisms. This review shows BN-PAGE as a potent tool in microbiological fundamental research ranging from Archaea, through Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to Chlamydia.

• MeSH
• Archaea metabolismus   MeSH
• archeální proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• Bacteria chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• mapování interakce mezi proteiny metody   MeSH
• membránové proteiny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH