nutritional mode
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Lichen-inhabiting fungi are highly specialized mycoparasites, commensals or rarely saprotrophs, that are common components of almost every ecosystem, where they develop obligate associations with lichens. Their relevance, however, contrasts with the relatively small number of these fungi described so far. Recent estimates and ongoing studies indicate that a significant fraction of their diversity remains undiscovered and may be expected in tropical regions, in particular in hyperdiverse fog-exposed montane forests. Here, we introduce the new genus Zhurbenkoa, from South America and Europe, for three lichenicolous fungi growing on thalli of the widespread lichen genus Cladonia (Lecanorales). Phylogenetic analyses based on combined sequence data of mt and nuc rDNA obtained from Andean populations (Bolivia) placed Zhurbenkoa as a member of Malmideaceae, a recently introduced family of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. Zhurbenkoa is closely related to the genera Savoronala and Sprucidea. The new genus is characterized by the development of grayish brown to almost black apothecia lacking an evident margin, an epihymenium interspersed with crystals (often seen as pruina), a strongly conglutinated hymenium made of noncapitate and sparsely branched paraphyses, a colorless exciple composed of radially arranged hyphae, a Lecanora/Micarea-like ascus type, and aseptate or 1-septate ellipsoidal colorless ascospores. Zhurbenkoa includes two Neotropical (Z. cladoniarum, Z. latispora) and one widespread (Z. epicladonia) species. The lichenicolous trophic mode is documented for the first time in the Malmideaceae, which until now included only lichen-forming associations between fungi and green algae.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota klasifikace cytologie genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- interakce mikroorganismu a hostitele fyziologie MeSH
- klasifikace MeSH
- lišejníky mikrobiologie MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Jižní Amerika MeSH
Perkutánní extrakce konkrementu spolu s extrakorporální litotrípsí jsou moderní metody řešení urolitiázy. Perkutánní extrakce konkrementu je miniinvazivní endoskopická operace. Jednou ze závažných komplikací je enterokutánní pištěl. Práce je kazuístika této formy píštěle úspěšně léčené konzervativním způsobem (širokospektrá antibiotika, totální parenterální výživa).
Percutaneous extraction of concrement (PCNL) together with extracorporal lithotrypsy (ESWL) are modem methods of treatment of urolithiasis. Percutaneous extractions of concrement is miniinvasive endoscopic operation. One of serious complications is enterocutaneous flstula. Current paper is case report about this form of flstula successfully treated by conservative approach (wide-spectral antibiotics, total parenteral nutrition).
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nefrolitiáza komplikace terapie MeSH
- parenterální výživa MeSH
- peroperační komplikace MeSH
- střevní píštěle farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Nutritional support is associated with improved clinical outcomes in critically ill patients; however, loss of muscle mass during critical illness leads to weakness, delayed return to work, and increased healthcare consumption. Animal data have suggested that intermittent feeding decreases protein catabolism. This study was aimed at determining whether the mode of enteral nutrition administration might lead to differences in meeting nutritional goals, tolerance, and complications. A prospective, randomized, single-center clinical trial was conducted in four intensive care units in the Czech Republic. Critically ill adult patients with high nutritional risk were randomized to continuous or intermittent enteral nutrition administration through a tolerance-driven protocol. The primary outcome was the time to reach the energetic target. Secondary outcomes included assessment of tolerance (high gastric residual volume, vomitus, and diarrhea), complications (aspiration or ventilator-associated pneumonia), and 28-day mortality. A total of 300 patients were randomized, and 294 were analyzed: 148 in the continuous arm and 146 in the intermittent arm. Regarding the primary outcome, log-rank test indicated that the intermittent group, compared with continuous group, had a statistically significantly shorter time (p = 0.009) and greater diarrhea occurrence (7 (4.7%) vs. 16 (11%), p = 0.049). No statistically significant differences in ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence (18 (12.2%) vs. 18 (12.3%), p = 0.965), 28-day mortality (46 (31.1%) vs. 40 (27.4%), p = 0.488), and other secondary outcomes were observed between groups. Thus, intermittent enteral nutrition was superior to continuous enteral nutrition in terms of time to reach the energetic target with the tolerance-driven administration protocol but was associated with higher diarrhea incidence. No statistically significant differences in the other secondary outcomes were observed.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- enterální výživa * metody MeSH
- jednotky intenzivní péče * MeSH
- kritický stav * terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Obezita je nejvíce rozšířeným zdravotním problémem psů a koček, který souvisí s výživou. Terapie spočívá především ve správně nastaveném krmném režimu. Èlánek se zabývá diagnostikou a řešením obezity psů a koček se zaměřením na nutriční management. Jsou zde popsány postupy při zahájení a udržování redukčního programu u obézního pacienta, včetně stanovení denní potřeby energie a výběru vhodného krmiva, které zajistí dostatečný příjem živin a pocit sytosti i při redukovaném příjmu energie. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována optimálnímu množství kvalitních proteinů, jejichž význam při procesu hubnutí je v současnosti již dobře známý. Nedílnou součástí redukce hmotnosti je také správně nastavený pohybový režim, jenž musí vycházet ze zdravotního stavu pacienta. V závěru je uvedený přehled krmných doplňků, které mohou proces redukce hmotnosti podpořit. Jejich účinnost ale dosud většinou není jednoznačně prokázána.
Obesity is the most common nutritional problem in dogs and cats. Therapy for obesity consists mainly in a properly set feeding regime. The article deals with the diagnosis and solution of obesity in dogs and cats with a focus on its nutritional management. It describes the procedures for initiating and maintaining a reduction program in an obese patient, including determining the daily energy requirement and selecting a suitable diet that will ensure adequate nutrient intake and a feeling of satiety even with reduced energy intake. Special attention is paid to the optimal amount of quality proteins, the importance of which in the weight loss process is now well known. An integral part of weight reduction is also a properly set exercise mode, which must be based on the patient’s health. Finally, there is an overview of feed supplements that can support the weight reduction process. However, their effectiveness is still largely unproven.
PURPOSE: To obtain information on characteristics, management, current objective nutritional status and perception of nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) from healthcare professionals (HCPs) and caregivers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A detailed survey of several items on eight main topics (general characteristics, motor function, comorbidities, therapies, anthropometry, feeding mode and problems and perceived nutritional status) was developed and tested for the study. Correlation between nutritional status and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels was assessed using continuous variables (Z-scores for weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index-for-age), and categorical variables (being malnourished, stunted, or wasted). HCP and caregiver perceptions of the child's nutritional status as well as agreement between perceived and objective nutritional status and agreement between perceived nutritional status and concerns about the nutritional status were analyzed. RESULTS: Data were available for 497 participants from eight European countries. Poorer nutritional status was associated with higher (more severe) GMFCS levels. There was minimal agreement between perceived and objective nutritional status, both for HCPs and caregivers. Agreement between HCP and caregiver perceptions of the child's nutritional status was weak (weighted kappa 0.56). However, the concerns about the nutritional status of the child were in line with the perceived nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of poor nutritional status is associated with more severe disability in children and adolescents with CP. There is a mismatch between HCP and caregiver perceptions of participants' nutritional status as well as between subjective and objective nutritional status. Our data warrant the use of a simple and objective screening tool in daily practice to determine nutritional status in children and adolescents with CP. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03499288 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03499288). IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONUse of the ESPGHAN recommendations and simple screening tools in daily practice is needed to improve nutritional care for individuals with CP.Attention should be paid to the differences in the perception of nutritional status of individuals with CP between professionals and caregivers to improve appropriate referral for nutritional support.Objective measures rather than the professional's perception need to be used to define the nutritional status of individuals with CP.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mozková obrna * MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- osoby pečující o pacienty MeSH
- podvýživa * diagnóza MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The nutritional management of critically ill term neonates and preterm infants varies widely, and controversies exist in regard to when to initiate nutrition, mode of feeding, energy requirements, and composition of enteral and parenteral feeds. Recommendations for nutritional support in critical illness are needed. METHODS: The ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition (ESPGHAN-CoN) conducted a systematic literature search on nutritional support in critically ill neonates, including studies on basic metabolism. The Medline database and the Cochrane Library were used in the search for relevant publications. The quality of evidence was reviewed and discussed before voting on recommendations, and a consensus of 90% or more was required for the final approval. Important research gaps were also identified. RESULTS: This position paper provides clinical recommendations on nutritional support during different phases of critical illness in preterm and term neonates based on available literature and expert opinion. CONCLUSION: Basic research along with adequately powered trials are urgently needed to resolve key uncertainties on metabolism and nutrient requirements in this heterogeneous patient population.
Nucleotides, nucleosides and their derivatives are present in all cells at varying concentrations that change with the nutritional, and energetic status of the cell. Precise measurement of the concentrations of these molecules is instrumental for understanding their regulatory effects. Such measurement is challenging due to the inherent instability of these molecules and, despite many decades of research, the reported values differ widely. Here, we present a comprehensive and easy-to-use approach for determination of the intracellular concentrations of >25 target molecular species. The approach uses rapid filtration and cold acidic extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) mode using zwitterionic columns coupled with UV and MS detectors. The method reliably detects and quantifies all the analytes expected to be observed in the bacterial cell and paves the way for future studies correlating their concentrations with biological effects.
