The phenomenon of eponymous terms in forensic pathology is described in this paper. The authors analyzed representative textbooks (monographs) dealing with forensic pathology in both English and German and identified several eponymous terms. The paper aims to present to the reader the most important eponymous terms in forensic pathology. Included in the paper are the following terms: Beckwith's Sign, Casper's Rule, Krönlein's Shot, Lichtenberg's Figures, Nysten's Law, Paltauf's Spots, Puppe's Rule, Sehrt's Sign, Simon's Sign, Sveshnikov's Sign, Tardieu's Spots, Wischnewski Spots, Wydler's Sign. The spread of eponymous terms throughout various languages is mentioned. The linguistic basis of such terms as well as their advantages and disadvantages in specialist fields, and indeed in even wider circles, is discussed. The authors state that the main function of these terms is to facilitate the open flow of unambiguous information among scholars. Eponymous terms in forensic pathology are characteristic for the German speaking countries and for all countries influenced by the German school of forensic pathology. Their usage in the Anglo-Saxon world is much less widespread, meaning they do not occur very often in English monographs and textbooks.
Drawing on fieldwork in the postsocialist Czech Republic, we explore the transformative processes of biomedicalization, both within and in relation to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). We argue that it would be simplistic to understand evidence of these processes in CAM as a sign that CAM has fallen prey to biomedicine. Instead, we show how particular CAM practices play a groundbreaking role in shaping developments in contemporary health care. In this respect, we question the utility of the concept of biomedicalization, arguing that it reduces the transformative processes to aspects of biomedicine.
- MeSH
- Complementary Therapies * MeSH
- Anthropology, Medical MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Medicalization * MeSH
- Socialism * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Stať sleduje vývoj patologické praxe ve Spojených státech počínaje pouhým pitváním po současnou dobu. Americký model se od evropského liší značně, protože rozsáhle přičleňuje „klinickou patologii" k tradičním oborům anatomické patologie pod dohled oddělení či ústavů patologie. „Klinická patologie" podle nynější definice zahrnuje obory laboratorního vyšetřování - chemii, hematologii, imunologii, lékařskou mikrobiologii a transfusní službu. Diskutuje se o rostoucím významu počítačů a informatiky, DNA diagnostických metod a o mnohotných úlohách patologa jako badatele a konsultanta v patologické praxi ve Spojených státech.
This article traces the development of pathology practice from its origins in autopsy pathology to its current practice in the United States. The American model of practice differs markedly from that in continental European countries because of the extensive incorporation of „Clinical Pathoíogy" with the traditional disciplines of anatomic pathology under the auspices of the Pathology Department. „Clinical Pathology" as it is now defined includes the laboratory testing disciplines of Chemistry, Hematology, Immunology, Medical Microbiology, and Transfusion Medicine. The increasing importance of computers and information management, DNA diagnostic techniques, and the multiple roles of the pathologist as a researcher and consultant in pathology practice in the United States is discussed.
Patologie se v dobách Purkyňových formovala na principech vědeckého poznání nemocí a spolupráce s klinickými specialisty. V průběhu 20. století se těžiště patologovy práce přesunulo od autopsií do činnosti bioptické. Rozvoj histopatologické a cytopatologické bioptické diagnostiky probíhal a probíhá i nadále trvalým včleňováním nových metodických postupů, standardizací a reflexí požadavků klinické medicíny. Pregraduální výukové programy formují základy odbornosti klinických lékařů všech specializací i nelékařských zdravotnických pracovníků. Na postgraduální úrovni a ve výzkumu zaznamenáváme stále těsnější interdisciplinární sepětí zejména s obory genetiky. Tento přístup přináší novou úroveň poznání patologických procesů. Patolog je svou komplexní diagnostickou činností zahrnující prognostické a prediktivní prvky nepostradatelným členem diagnosticko-terapeutického týmu.
The discipline of pathology was founded in the Purkinje era on the principles of building scientific knowledge of diseases through co-operation among clinical specialists. During the 20th century the focus of pathologists' work has progressed from autopsies to biopsy diagnostics. The discipline of histopathological and cytopathological biopsy took form and continuously incorporates new methodologies and new standards. Its future course compels us to reflect on the changing requirements of clinical medicine. Current undergraduate education programs are directed toward forming a basis of expertise for both clinicians and non-medical healthcare professionals. At the postgraduate level and in research we are seeing an ever-closer interdisciplinary link, especially within the fields of genetics. This approach brings pathological processes to a new level, but also demands new levels of knowledge. Through comprehensive diagnostic experience, both prognostic and predictive, a pathologist is an indispensable member of the diagnostic and therapeutic team. Keywords: history of pathology, autopsy, biopsy, cytology, molecular pathology, predictive diagnostics, interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic team.
6th ed. xi, 775 s. : il. ; 30 cm
Lymfatický systém hraje nezastupitelnou roli v tkáňové homeostáze tekutin, imunitních mechanismech organismu a absorpci mastných kyselin ve střevě. Lymfatické cévy jsou zapojeny do procesu nádorového šíření, lymfedému a řady zánětlivých onemocnění. V nedávné době byly objeveny a popsány specifické protilátky, schopné detekovat endotel lymfatických cév. Zároveň došlo k pokroku ve výzkumu vaskulárních růstových faktorů, jejich receptorů a molekul zapojených do vývoje lymfatického systému. Předkládaný článek shrnuje nejnovější poznatky z oblasti výzkumu lymfatického systému a jejich možné aplikace do rutinní patologické diagnostiky.
The lymphatic system is crucial for the maintenance of tissue fluid balance, immune surveillance, and fatty acids absorption in the intestine. The lymphatic vessels are also involved in the pathogenesis of tumor metastasis, lymphedema, and various inflammatory processes. Recently, several markers specific for lymphatic endothelium were found. Progress in the field of lymphatic growth factors and their receptors, and molecular lymphatic biology has helped to understand better the lymphatic vasculature. This review summarizes the updates on lymphatic system research and possible applications in routine pathological diagnostics.
- MeSH
- Hypertension etiology pathology MeSH
- Immunohistochemistry methods utilization MeSH
- Pathology, Clinical methods trends MeSH
- Leiomyomatosis etiology pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lymphangiogenesis MeSH
- Lymphatic Vessels anatomy & histology pathology MeSH
- Endothelium, Lymphatic anatomy & histology pathology MeSH
- Lymphatic System anatomy & histology pathology MeSH
- Lymphedema diagnosis etiology pathology MeSH
- Neoplasm Metastasis diagnosis pathology MeSH
- Neoplasm, Lymphatic Tissue physiopathology pathology MeSH
- Obesity metabolism pathology MeSH
- Neovascularization, Pathologic MeSH
- Transplantation physiology pathology MeSH
- Inflammation diagnosis etiology pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
