Cíle této multicentrické studie byly: 1. vyhodnotit senzitivitu radiální endosonografie (rEUS) a esofagogastroduodenoskopie (EGD) v detekci a velikosti žaludečních varixů (ŽV) a jícnových varixů (JV); 2. zjistit vztah mezi jaterním funkčním postižením a velikostí varixů; 3. porovnat známky portální hypertenze prokazatelné při abdominální ultrasonografii s endoskopickými nálezy; 4. vyhodnotit incidenci a velikost varixů v závislosti na průtoku krve portální žilou monitorovaným dopplerometrickým vyšetřením. Všechna vyšetření (endosonografie, esofagogastroduodenoskopie, transabdominální ultrasonografie a dopplerometrické vyšetření portální a lienální žíly, stanovení funkční rezervy jater) byla prováděna oddělenými týmy zaslepeně, bez znalosti výsledků jednotlivých vyšetření. Soubor zahrnoval celkem 61 pacientů s jaterní cirhózou, průměrného věku 54,5 ± 10,5 (23-84). Senzitivita aspecificita EUS vztažená k EGD v detekci JV byla 94,4% a 71,4%. Shoda EGD a rEUS v detekci jícnových a žaludečních varixů byla 91,8% a 60,6% případů, v lokalizaci JV v 57,1% případů a v určení velikosti varixů v 66%. Statisticky významný vztah mezi závažností jaterního onemocnění podle Child-Pugh klasifikace a velikostí jícnových varixů určených EGD a rEUS byl (p = 0,012 a p = 0,006). Radiální endosonografie je schopna přesně diagnostikovat přítomnost jícnových a žaludečních varixů. Je více reprodukovatelnou metodou pro měření velikosti varixů.

The aims of the multicentric study were: 1. to assess the sensitivity of 12 and 20 MHz radial endosonography (rEUS) and oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in the detection and size of gastric varices (GV) and oesophageal varices (OV); 2. to ascertain the relationship between liver function damage and variceal size; 3. to compare signs of portal hypertension provable in abdominal ultrasonography with endoscopic findings; 4. to evaluate the incidence and size of varices depending on blood flow through the portal vein by Doppler ultrasound. The procedures (endosonography, oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy, transabdominal ultrasonography and Doppler measurement in the portal and lienal veins, determination of liver function reserve) were done, on a blinded basis, by separate teams who were not informed about the results of individual investigations. The group comprised 61 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis with an average age of 54.5±10.5 (23-84). The sensitivity and specificity of rEUS related to EGD in the detection ofOV was 94.4% and 71.4%, respectively. The concordance of EGD and rEUS in the detection of oesophageal and gastric varices was 91.8% and 60.6% of cases, respectively, in the localization of OV in 57.1% of cases and in the size of varices in 66%. A statistically significant relationship between the severity of liver disease according to the Child-Pugh classification and the size of OV determined by EGD and rEUS was identified (p=0.012 and p=0.006, respectively). Radial endosonography is capable of a precise diagnosis of the presence of oesophageal and gastric varices. It is a more reproducible method for measuring the size of varices.

• Keywords
• portální žíla, Child-Pugh klasifikace,
• MeSH
• Abdomen ultrasonography   MeSH
• Duodenum MeSH
• Endosonography methods   utilization   MeSH
• Esophageal and Gastric Varices diagnosis   complications   physiopathology   MeSH
• Esophagus blood supply   MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage MeSH
• Gastroscopy MeSH
• Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
• Liver Cirrhosis MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Predictive Value of Tests MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Ultrasonography MeSH
• Varicose Veins physiopathology   MeSH
• Stomach blood supply   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

Úvod a cíl práce: Okulo-aurikulo-vertebrální spektrum (OAVS) je vrozený komplex malformací s extrémně variabilním fenotypem. Jsou postiženy jednostranně obličejové struktury vznikající během embryonálního vývoje z prvního a druhého žaberního oblouku a zasahující první žaberní váček, první žaberní štěrbinu a základ temporální kosti. Cílem předkládané práce je seznámit čtenáře s klinickým obrazem onemocnění, jehož nejnápadnějším projevem je faciální asymetrie provázená řadou funkčních poruch, a dále představit neinvazivní vyšetřovací metody 3D morfometrie, která umožňuje systematické sledování a vyhodnocování rozvoje a rozsahu morfologické deviace a asymetrie obličeje. Metoda: U šesti pacientů (ve věkovém rozmezí od šesti do 15 let; 5 , 1 ) s okulo-aurikulo-vertebrálním spektrem bylo vytvořeno přesné geometrické 3D zobrazení obličeje pacientů optickou metodou – stereofotogrammetrií. Pomocí metody CPD-DCA (coherent point drift – dense correspondence analysis) byla provedena vzájemná registrace faciálních modelů. U každého pacienta byl zkonstruován dokonale symetrický obličej. Rozdíly mezi konstruovaným symetrickým obličejem a skutečným obličejem byly znázorněny pomocí barevné mapy. Takto zobrazené individuální asymetrie pacientů byly kvantitativně zpracovány a analyzovány v časovém rozpětí 9–23 měsíců. Výsledky: Prokázaly se pouze malé rozdíly ve změně asymetrie obličeje pacientů s OAVS, což svědčí o nevýznamné dynamice rozvoje faciálních malformací u pacientů s tímto onemocněním. Nenašli jsme závislost mezi změnami reliéfu obličeje a věkem pacienta během sledovaného období. Taktéž nebyla nalezena korelace mezi závažností vady a rozvojem asymetrie. Oproti předpokladům se nepotvrdilo významné zhoršování morfologie obličeje u rostoucích pacientů s OAVS, což umožňuje uspokojivou kompenzaci vady včasnou ortodontickou léčbou. Neinvazivní 3D morfometrické vyšetření obličeje je optimální metodou pro sledování vývoje obličejových asymetrií.

Introduction and aim: Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a congenital complex of extremely variable phenotypes. Typically, unilaterally aff ected structures are facial structures developing from the fi rst and second branchial arches and fi rst pharyngeal pouch and fi rst branchial cleft and the basis of temporal bone. The aim is to introduce the clinical conditions of the disease whose facial asymmetry is accompanied by a number of functional disorders. Moreover, it presents non-invasive 3D morphometry, that enables evaluation of the morphological deviation of the aff ected area. Methods: An accurate geometric 3D image of the patient's face was created by the optical method – stereophotogrammetry in six patients (age from 6 to 15; 5 , 1 ) with OAVS. Using the construction of dense correspondence mapping by CPD-DCA (coherent point drift – dense correspondence analysis) method between facial meshes, model registration were performed. A perfectly symmetrical face was constructed for each patient. The diff erences between the constructed symmetrical face and the real patient's face were shown using a color map. The individual asymmetry thus displayed was quantitatively processed and analyzed over a period of nine to 23 months. Results: Only minor differences in facial asymmetry of OAVS patients have been demonstrated, suggesting an insignificant dynamics in the development of facial malformations in patients with this disease. We did not find a dependence between face relief changes and patient age during the reference period. There was also no correlation between the severity of the defect and the development of asymmetry. Conclusion: Significant worsening of facial morphology in growing OAVS patients has not been confirmed as supposed. That allows satisfactory compensation of defects by early orthodontic treatment. Non-invasive 3D morphometric facial scanning is an optimal method for monitoring the development of facial asymmetries.

• Keywords
• 3D morfometrie, morfometrie,
• MeSH
• Facial Asymmetry diagnostic imaging   physiopathology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Goldenhar Syndrome * history   diagnostic imaging   physiopathology   MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Abnormalities, Multiple diagnostic imaging   physiopathology   MeSH
• Face abnormalities   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH

Objective: To determine how often arthrosis develops after a distal radius injury and whether it causes significant clinical problems. Introduction: Arthrosis is a non-inflammatory chronic joint disease that can result in serious clinical problems. Most of the arthroses develop on a traumatic basis; idiopathic causes are rare. Radiocarpal arthrosis is manifested by pain in motion, limitation of the range of motion, and reduced handgrip strength. Material and methodology: Patients with a follow-up period of at least 10 years after intraarticular fracture of distal radius were included in the retrospective study. Patients with type C fractures according to AO classification were selected for the evaluation. Patients with ossis scaphoidei nonunion and after inadequately treated scapholunate ligament rupture were excluded. The evaluation of post-traumatic arthritis was performed according to the Knirk and Jupiter scale, clinical assessment according to the Modified Mayo Wrist Score. Results: In 2007 and 2008, 749 patients with distal radius fractures were treated, 112 of them with type C according to AO classification. The average age at the time of the fracture in an intraarticular localisation was 53.2 years. 31 patients were invited for a check-up after 11–12 years; a form of radiocarpal arthrosis was diagnosed in 10 of them (32.3 %). The average score in patients without arthrosis was 92.1 points out of 100, in patients with a certain form of arthrosis it was 69.5 points out of 100. Poor clinical outcome was observed in 3 patients with radiocarpal arthrosis. During the reference period, radiocarpal arthrosis developed in 8 patients with a distal radius articular surface deficit of more than 2 mm. None of the patients with radiocarpal arthrosis required surgery. Discussion: In a study by Swedish authors, arthrosis developed in 38 out of 63 monitored patients; the arthrosis did not affect the functional outcome. During a 15-year follow-up of authors from the USA, all 16 patients developed arthrosis after the osteosynthesis of intraarticular distal radius fracture. The functional results did not relate to the grade of arthrosis either. In their thesis, Knirk and Jupiter describe the development of arthrosis in 91 % in 6 years after the intraarticular radius fracture surgery. 52 out of 66 patients in another study from Sweden achieved a good functional result in 9–13 years regardless of the type of fracture; arthrosis developed in one of them only. Conclusion: Fractures of the distal radio, interfering with the radiocarpal joint with a deficit of more than 2 mm, represent a major risk factor for the development of post-traumatic arthrosis, leading to painful restriction in wrist function. Despite this finding, however, wrist function is often acceptable to patients, without the need of indication for surgery.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Radius Fractures * MeSH
• Intra-Articular Fractures surgery   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Joint Diseases MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Accidents MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to describe the indication criteria and operative technique and to present the first conclusions of a prospective study dealing with an assessment of functional and radiographic findings in patients with concurrent fractures of the distal ulna and distal radius; the former was treated by osteosynthesis using an LCP Distal Ulna Plate (De Puy Synthes, USA) and the latter by plate osteosynthesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between August 2013 and September 2014, 18 patients (3 men and 15 women; average age, 58 years; range, 25-74 years) with a fracture of the distal ulna and a concurrent distal radius fracture were treated by plate osteosynthesis. The indications for surgery included displaced ulnar styloid base fractures in 10 patients, displaced comminuted fractures of the ulnar head in seven patients and a subcapital fracture of the ulna in one patient. The average follow-up was 9 months, with 13 (72%) patients being followed up for 6 months at least. The outcome of surgery was evaluated on the basis of X-ray views and multiplanar reconstruction of CT scans. Functional results were based on measuring the range of motion at wrist and forearm and hand grip strength and on the scores obtained from the Mayo Wrist Score System and Quick DASH Questionnaire. RESULTS: The average values for wrist and forearm range of motion were as follows: 68° in flexion (60-80°), 71° in extension (40- 90°), 87° in pronation (70-90°), 81° in supination (50-90°). This corresponded to a 92% (74-100%) range of motion at the contralateral wrist and forearm. The average hand grip strength measured with a dynamometer was 80.6% (53-100%) of the gripping force exerted by the unaffected extremity. Post-operative X-ray and CT findings showed good reduction of both distal radius and distal ulna fractures as well as good fragment retention by means of LCP implants. During follow-up complete bone union and full stability of the radioulnar joint were achieved in all patients. The functional outcome of treatment was shown by the average Mayo wrist score and Quick DASH score of 84 (55-100) and 7.4 (0-47.7) points, respectively. DISCUSSION: The functional outcome of treatment in our patients corresponded to the severity of their distal forearm fractures. The patients with more serious distal radius fractures, frequently associated with ulnar head fractures, had poorer functional results than the patients with less serious fractures. According to the AO classification, in the distal radius fractures, prevailing fracture types were 23-C3 (78%) and 23-C2 (16%). In relation to the distal ulna fracture type, the patients with ulnar styloid base fractures had better functional results than the patients with ulnar head fractures, because a fracture of the styloid process does not affect the congruency of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). Fractures of the ulnar styloid process base, following distal radius fracture osteosynthesis, were invariably associated with DRUJ instability. This fracture type is always accompanied by injury to the distal radioulnar ligament of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) and, in case of a displaced fracture, surgical management is indicated. In agreement with the results of other authors it was found in our study that, when the anatomical position of the distal radioulnar joint had been achieved, both the functional and the radiographic findings were post-operatively very good. The final average values for the range of wrist and forearm motion, hand grip strength and hand and arm function were assessed as very good. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of our results and their comparison with the literature data showed that osteosynthesis of distal ulna fractures with concurrent distal radius fractures managed by open reduction and internal fixation are indicated in displaced fractures of the ulnar styloid process base, displaced comminuted fractures of the ulnar head where fragments interfere with DRUJ congruency, and unstable displaced subcapital fractures of the ulna. The early results of this study provide evidence for the efficiency of plate osteosynthesis in the treatment of distal ulna fractures.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Ulna Fractures radiography   surgery   MeSH
• Radius Fractures radiography   surgery   MeSH
• Bone Plates * MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Recovery of Function MeSH
• Multiple Trauma radiography   surgery   MeSH
• Wrist Injuries physiopathology   radiography   surgery   MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Fractures, Comminuted radiography   surgery   MeSH
• Fracture Fixation, Internal adverse effects   instrumentation   methods   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Wrist Joint physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH
• Evaluation Study MeSH

Pružná registrace obrazů je klíčovou technikou ve výpočetní neuroanatomii. V tomto článku je navržena registrace metodou iterativního lícování podobrazů s několika vylepšeními z oblastí mnohorozměrné multimodální registrace a registrace založené na význačných bodech. Je zde použita symetrická multimodální podobnostní metrika, díky které je možno registrovat obrazy různých subjektů na libovolný digitální atlas mozku. Výsledné deformace jsou získány pomocí interpolační techniky založené na radiálních bázových funkcích. Deformace potlačují v obrazech pouze hrubé tvarové rozdíly mezi různými subjekty a ponechávají v nich jemnou anatomickou variabilitu, která bývá předmětem následného zkoumání vybranými morfometrickými metodami. Součástí příspěvku jsou kvantitativní výsledky z experimentálního ověření navržené metody se čtyřmi různými podobnostními metrikami na obrazových datech ze simulátoru obrazů mozku.

Deformable image registration is a fundamental technique in computational neuroanatomy. An iterative multilevel block matching technique with the use of several recent inventions is proposed here. A symmetric multimodal similarity measure allows to register subject images to an arbitrary digital brain atlas. Smooth deformations produced by scattered data interpolation based on compactly supported radial basis functions suppress gross inter-subject differences and preserve the localized anatomical variability which may be further studied with selected automated morphometry methods. Four similarity measures are tested in an experiment with image data obtained from the Simulated Brain Database and a quantitative evaluation of the algorithm is presented.

• Keywords
• zpracování obrazů, výpočetní neuroanatomie, radiální bázové funkce,
• MeSH
• Algorithms MeSH
• Diagnostic Imaging methods   standards   MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging standards   MeSH
• Brain Mapping methods   MeSH
• Brain anatomy & histology   pathology   MeSH
• Neuroanatomy MeSH
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods   standards   MeSH
• Subtraction Technique MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Autoři prezentují soubor 23 pacientů (16 žen a 7 mužů), kteří byli operováni v roce 2000-2003 pro ulnokarpální impingement neboli syndrom ulnámí impakce na podkladě „plus varianty" ulny nebo též rovněž „dlouhé líny". Všichni pacienti měli v anamnéze zlomeninu distálního radia. Stav jsme řešili u osmnácti pacientů (s věkovým průměrem 51 let) zkrácením ulny v průměru o 4,5 mm (2-10 mm). U pěti pacientů (s věkovým průměrem 49 let) byla provedena radioulnámí déza sec. Sauvé-Kapandij. Výsledky jsou hodnoceny s odstupem v průměru 6 měsíců (3-26). Z výsledného hodnocení vyplývá, že všichni pacienti, u kterých nebyla prí'tomna radioulnární artróza a bylo provedeno prosté zkrácení ulny vykazují zlepšení rozsahu pohybu i zlepšení subjektivnich obtíží. Pacienti s radioulnární artrózou, u nichž byl ulnokarpální impingement řešen radioulnární dézou mají dlouhodobé funkční výsledky horší. Autoři dále rozebírají i komplikace výkonů. Poúrazové deformace V oblasti distálního předloktí je nutno řešit časně před vznikem degenerativních změn. Jedině tak lze očekávat dobrý výsledek operace a efekt pro pacienta.

The authors describe the group of 23 patients (16 women, 7 men), who were operated during 2000-2003 on ulna-carpal impingement or the syndrome of ulna impact on the basis of „plus variant" of ulna or also „long ulna". There was a fracture of distal radius in anamnesis of all these patients. The condition was solved in 18 patients ;mean age 51 years) by reducing the ulna by 4.5 cm on the average (range 2-10 mm). In five patients (mean age 49 years), the radius-ulna desis sec. Sauvé-Kapandij was performed. The results are evaluated with the time lapse of 6 months on the average (range 3-26). The resulting evaluation indicates that in all patients, who were not affected by radius-ulna arthrosis, a simple reduction of ulna resulted in an improvement of the extent of movements and improved subjective complaints. Patients with radius-ulna arthrosis, where the ulna-carpal impingement was solved by radius-ulna desis, suffer from worse long-term functional results. The authors also analyze complications of the interventions. Posttraumatic deformations in the area of distal forearm should be solved early before degenerative changes develop. The is the only way how to expect good results of the operation and favorable effect for the patient.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Radius Fractures complications   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Osteotomy methods   adverse effects   MeSH
• Pseudarthrosis etiology   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Ulna surgery   pathology   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Wrist surgery   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Neural Networks, Computer MeSH

• Conspectus
• Knihovnictví. Informatika
• NML Fields
• knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie

• MeSH
• Physical Phenomena MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• neurologie

The role of width of Gaussians in two types of computational models is investigated: Gaussian radial-basis-functions (RBFs) where both widths and centers vary and Gaussian kernel networks which have fixed widths but varying centers. The effect of width on functional equivalence, universal approximation property, and form of norms in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) is explored. It is proven that if two Gaussian RBF networks have the same input-output functions, then they must have the same numbers of units with the same centers and widths. Further, it is shown that while sets of input-output functions of Gaussian kernel networks with two different widths are disjoint, each such set is large enough to be a universal approximator. Embedding of RKHSs induced by "flatter" Gaussians into RKHSs induced by "sharper" Gaussians is described and growth of the ratios of norms on these spaces with increasing input dimension is estimated. Finally, large sets of argminima of error functionals in sets of input-output functions of Gaussian RBFs are described.

• MeSH
• Algorithms * MeSH
• Neural Networks, Computer * MeSH
• Normal Distribution MeSH
• Computer Simulation * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH