The treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a dismal prognosis. The allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is frequently performed as salvage therapy. Reduced intensity conditioning protocols have been developed with the aim of reducing the leukemia burden without increasing their toxicity. We compared the reduced intensity conditioning FM140 (fludarabine, 150 mg/m2; melphalan 140 mg/m2) with FBM110 (fludarabine 150 mg/m2; BCNU, also known as carmustine, 300-400 mg/m2; and melphalan 110 mg/m2). From the European Bone Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Acute Leukemia Working Party registry, we identified 293 adult patients (FM140, n = 118 and FBM110, n = 175) with AML with relapsed/refractory disease prior to allo-HCT. There were some differences such as age (FM140 = 59.5 years vs. FBM110 = 65.1 years, p < 0.001) and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis based on in vivo T-cell depletion (TCD, FM140 = 39% vs. FBM110 = 75%, p < 0.001). No differences were observed between FM140- and FBM110-treated patients regarding overall survival (OS) (2-year OS: 39.3% vs. 45.7%, p = 0.58), progression-free survival (PFS) (2-year PFS: 36.1% vs. 37.3%, p = 0.69), non-relapse mortality (NRM) (2-year NRM: 15.3% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.10) and relapse incidence (RI) (2-year RI: 48.6% vs. 37.0%, p = 0.7). In conclusion, despite differences in age and GvHD prophylaxis, AML patients with active disease undergoing allo-HCT after FBM110 conditioning showed similar outcomes compared to FM140.
- MeSH
- akutní myeloidní leukemie * terapie mortalita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- homologní transplantace metody MeSH
- karmustin terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melfalan * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- příprava pacienta k transplantaci metody MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- registrace * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * metody MeSH
- vidarabin * analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
AIMS: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a vital treatment for various paediatric malignant and nonmalignant diseases. The conditioning treatment before allo-HSCT is crucial for successful engraftment. Treosulfan, a cytotoxic prodrug, has gained popularity due to its lower toxicity compared to traditional alkylating agents used for conditioning treatment. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of treosulfan in paediatric patients, in a substudy pooling from 2 multicentre phase 2 clinical trials. A total of 83 children with malignant and nonmalignant diseases received treosulfan-based conditioning. Treosulfan exposure and its relationship with clinical outcomes, including survival, graft failure and graft-vs.-host disease, were investigated. RESULTS: Our findings reveal no significant association between treosulfan exposure and the key clinical outcomes or toxicity (P-values between .22 and .99), if the dosing is based on the approved product information. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that treosulfan exposure after standardized body surface area-based dosing is appropriate in paediatric allo-HSCT.
- MeSH
- alkylační protinádorové látky * škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití farmakokinetika MeSH
- busulfan * analogy a deriváty aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky farmakokinetika MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- homologní transplantace * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- příprava pacienta k transplantaci * metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
The association of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) is well-established but was not confirmed in the modern era and following post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy). We assessed GVHD/ GVL association in AML patients following HLA-matched SCT with standard calcineurin-based (n = 12,653, 57% with additional in-vivo T-cell depletion) or PTCy-based (n = 508) GVHD prophylaxis. Following standard prophylaxis, acute GVHD grade II-IV and III-IV, chronic GVHD, and extensive chronic GVHD rates were 23.8%, 7.5%, 37.0%, and 16.3%, respectively. Acute GVHD grade II and III-IV were associated with lower relapse [hazard-ratio (HR) 0.85, P = 0.002; HR 0.76, P = 0.003, respectively)], higher non-relapse mortality (NRM) (HR 1.5, P < 0.001; HR 6.21, P < 0.001) and lower overall survival (OS) (HR 1.49, P < 0.001; HR 6.1, P < 0.001). Extensive chronic GVHD predicted lower relapse (HR 0.69, P < 0.001), higher NRM (HR 2.83, P < 0.001), and lower OS (HR 2.74, P < 0.001). Following PTCy, GVHD rates were 22.8%, 6.2%, 35.5%, and 17.7%, respectively. Acute GVHD was not associated with relapse (HR 1.37, P = 0.15) but predicted higher NRM (HR 3.34, P < 0.001) and lower OS (HR 1.92, P = 0.001). Chronic GVHD was not prognostic for these outcomes. In conclusion, GVHD and GVL are strongly associated with contemporary SCT. However, following PTCy, GVHD is not associated with reduced relapse.
- MeSH
- akutní myeloidní leukemie * terapie MeSH
- cyklofosfamid * terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- HLA antigeny imunologie MeSH
- homologní transplantace MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli * etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- reakce štěpu proti leukémii * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- testování histokompatibility MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- buňky NK transplantace MeSH
- haploidentická transplantace * metody MeSH
- hematologické nádory terapie MeSH
- imunoterapie metody MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- protinádorové látky imunologicky aktivní terapeutické užití MeSH
- reakce štěpu proti leukémii MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Unmanipulated donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) are crucial for enhancing the graft versus tumor (GVT) effect in post-transplant settings. Practices regarding DLI use vary widely among centers, encompassing differences in indications, prerequisites, and application methods. To explore current DLI policies, we developed a comprehensive survey that garnered responses from 165 EBMT centers across 43 countries. Notably, 97% of respondents reported using DLI in their practices. Indications for DLI included preemptive use for minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity in 86.9% of centers and mixed chimerism in 73.1%; therapeutic use for hematological relapse in 73.1%; and prophylactic use for high-risk disease in 43.8%. Active graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and active infections were deemed absolute contraindications by 85.6% and 57.5% of centers, respectively. 35% of centers did not consider a prior history of acute (a)GVHD as an exclusion criterion. The majority (71.9%) requested immunosuppression withdrawal before DLI. Most centers (71.3%) collected DLI post-transplant, with 78.1% utilizing unstimulated apheresis. The cell doses applied at the first DLI varied significantly, depending on indication, timing, and donor type. This survey provides the largest overview of current DLI practices, highlighting the need for high-quality data to assess the risks and benefits of different approaches.
- MeSH
- alografty MeSH
- dárci tkání MeSH
- homologní transplantace metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- transfuze lymfocytů * metody MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
AIMS: This study aimed to examine changes in the repertoire of functional T-cells specific for six leukemia-associated antigens (LAA), including WT1, PRAME, MUC1, CCNA1, NPM1, and NPM1c, during immune reconstitution following allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. PATIENTS & METHODS: LAA-specific T cell response was measured by ELISPOT- IFNγ and intracellular cytokine staining in 47 patients before starting conditioning therapy (baseline) and 7 months after HSCT. RESULTS: The positive cumulative LAA-specific T cell response before HSCT was associated with a decreased risk of relapse after HSCT. The prevalent genetic aberration - an internal tandem duplication of Fms 3 - related receptor tyrosine kinase, which has been previously implicated in immune escape mechanisms, is presented here for the first time as a factor associated with the absence of an adaptive T cell response against multiple LAAs. T-cell specific responses against wild-type and mutated NPM1 antigens were less frequent in the study cohort and did not correlate with mutations in the NPM1 gene. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the T-cell response to LAA can be reconstituted after HSCT. Measurement of functional pre-transplant T-cell responses against multiple LAAs could help to find patients with an increased risk of relapse.
- MeSH
- akutní myeloidní leukemie * terapie imunologie genetika MeSH
- antigeny nádorové imunologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- homologní transplantace MeSH
- jaderné proteiny genetika MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mucin 1 genetika imunologie MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- nukleofosmin * MeSH
- proteiny WT1 imunologie genetika MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- T-lymfocyty * imunologie MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * MeSH
- tyrosinkinasa 3 podobná fms * genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The superiority of total body irradiation (TBI)-based vs chemotherapy conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been established in the international, prospective phase-3 FORUM study, randomizing 417 patients aged 4-18 years in complete remission (CR), who received allo-HSCT from HLA-matched sibling or unrelated donors. Because of the unavailability of TBI in some regions and to accommodate individual contraindications, this study reports the prespecified comparison of outcomes of patients receiving busulfan (BU)- or treosulfan (TREO)-based regimens from 2013 to 2018. Overall, 180 and 128 patients received BU/thiotepa (THIO)/fludarabine (FLU) or TREO/THIO/FLU, respectively. Data were analyzed as of February 2023, with a median follow-up of 4.2 years (range, 0.3-9.1). 3-year overall survival was 0.71 (BU, 95% confidence interval [0.64-0.77]) and 0.72 (TREO, [0.63-0.79]) and 3-year event-free survival was 0.60 (BU, [0.53-0.67]) and 0.55 (TREO, [0.46-0.63]). The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse (BU, 0.31 [0.25-0.38]; TREO, 0.36 [0.27-0.44]); and nonrelapse mortality (BU, 0.08 [0.05-0.13]; TREO, 0.09 [0.05-0.15]) were comparable. One case of fatal veno-occlusive disease occurred in each group. No significant differences in acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or 3-year GVHD-free and relapse-free survival (BU, 0.48 [0.41-0.55]; TREO, 0.45 [0.37-0.54]) were recorded. Outcomes for patients in first and second CR were similar irrespective of the regimen. In conclusion, BU/THIO/FLU or TREO/THIO/FLU regimens can be an alternative to TBI for patients with ALL aged >4 years with contraindications or lack of access to TBI. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT01949129.
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie * terapie mortalita MeSH
- busulfan * analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- homologní transplantace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli * etiologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- příprava pacienta k transplantaci * metody MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- vidarabin analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Face transplantation is a groundbreaking and complex surgical intervention offering profound physical and psychological benefits to patients with severe facial disfigurements. This report provides an update on the long-term psychosocial outcome of eight face transplant recipients. METHOD: All transplant recipients were initially transplanted at Brigham and Women ́s Hospital (Boston, USA) between 2011 and 2020 and seen as outpatient patients at Yale New Haven Hospital (New Haven, USA). A mixed-methods approach was used to assess the psychological and social well-being of these patients. The Short-Form 12, Brief-COPE, EQ-VAS and CES-D were administered between October 2022 and October 2023. RESULTS: Older age of face transplant recipients was significantly and positively associated with better mental health and increased use of both emotional and instrumental support (Brief-COPE). The initial enhancement in patients' self-reported quality of life, as assessed by the EQVAS, declined on the EQ-VAS score at the last follow-up. Similarly, an increase in depression score was observed (CES-D score) up through the last follow-up assessment. Both of the latter results, however, did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: These results underscore the importance of ongoing psychological support throughout the long-term journey of recovery for face transplant recipients. These findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive, patient-centered approach that also addresses the complex psychological dimensions and contributes to our understanding of the mental health dynamics involved in face transplantation, stressing the need for guidelines and continued research in this evolving field.
- MeSH
- deprese psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kvalita života * psychologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- příjemce transplantátu psychologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sociální opora MeSH
- transplantace obličeje * psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli (graft versus host disease, GvHD) stále představuje zásadní, život ohrožující komplikaci po alogenní transplantaci krvetvorných buněk (allogeneic stem cell transplantation, aloSCT). Reakce štěpu proti hostiteli obecně se rozvine až u 50 % pacientů po aloSCT, klinicky významná stadia (stadium III-IV akutní GvHD či extenzivní chronická GvHD) se vyskytují až u 20 % pacientů po aloSCT od HLA shodného dárce, incidence GvHD pak vzrůstá s každou další HLA neshodou. Uváděná mortalita GvHD se pohybuje kolem 10 % případů. Standardem léčby GvHD je systémová kortikoterapie, která je úspěšná u přibližně 60 % pacientů s lehkými formami GvHD a pouze u přibližně 30 % pacientů s těžkou GvHD obecně. Kortikoterapie v kombinaci s dalšími imunosupresivními léky po aloSCT prohlubuje imunodeficit fragilních transplantovaných pacientů, a kromě nesporných benefitů má četné závažné dlouhodobé nežádoucí účinky. V rámci snahy o zlepšení péče o pacienty s GvHD se tak do praxe dostávají nové molekuly, působící proti GvHD jinými, více zacílenými mechanismy. Zásadním reprezentantem těchto molekul je ruxolitinib, inhibitor Janusových kináz 1 a 2 (JAK1/2). Ruxolitinib je nyní standardem léčby u pacientů se steroid-refrakterní akutní i chronickou GvHD.
Graft versus host disease (GvHD) remains a major life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloSCT). GvHD generally develops in up to 50% of patients after alloSCT and clinically significant stages (stage III-IV acute GvHD or extensive chronic GvHD) occur in up to 20% of patients after alloSCT from an HLA-matched donor. The incidence of GvHD increases with each additional HLA mismatch. The reported mortality rate of GvHD is around 10%. The standard treatment for GvHD is systemic corticotherapy, which is successful in approximately 60% of patients with mild forms of GvHD and only in approximately 30% of patients with severe GvHD in general. Corticotherapy in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs after alloSCT exacerbates immunodeficiency in fragile transplanted patients and has numerous serious long-term side effects in addition to its undeniable benefits. Thus, in an effort to improve the care of GvHD patients, new molecules that counteract GvHD by different, more targeted mechanisms are coming into use. A major representative of these molecules is ruxolitinib, a Janus tyrosine kinase 1/2 (JAK 1/2) inhibitor that interferes with GvHD mechanisms at multiple levels. Ruxolitinib is now the standard of care for patients with steroid-refractory acute and chronic GvHD.
- Klíčová slova
- ruxolitinib,
- MeSH
- cílená molekulární terapie klasifikace metody MeSH
- homologní transplantace klasifikace metody MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba MeSH
- inhibitory Janus kinas * farmakologie klasifikace škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Většina nemocných s klasickým Hodgkinovým lymfomem je trvale vyléčena po první linii onkologické léčby. V případě relapsu či refrakterity je u mladších a chemosenzitivních případů stále indikována záchranná a vysokodávkovaná chemoterapie s autologní transplantací hemopoetických kmenových buněk. V případě selhání či nemožnosti provedení autologní transplantace je v další linii většinou podávána imunoterapie s využitím léčiv ze skupiny tzv. checkpoint inhibitorů. Po selhání imunoterapie je další terapeutická strategie obtížnou výzvou. Tato kazuistika popisuje průběh léčby primárně refrakterního Hodgkinova lymfomu, kdy po selhání konvenční léčby chemoterapií, radioterapií, ale i samotnou imunoterapií bylo nakonec dosaženo kompletní remise až pomocí kombinovaného protokolu imunoterapie pembrolizumab a chemoterapie GVD, obsahující gemcitabin, vinorelbin a liposomální doxorubicin. U pacientky byla následně úspěšně podána vysokodávkovaná chemoterapie s provedením autologní transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk a konsolidace brentuximab vedotinem s kurabilním záměrem.
Majority of patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma are cured after the first line treatment. Salvage and high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is a standard of care for younger patients with chemo-sensitive relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma in the second line setting yet. If a patient is not indicated for transplantation or if it fails, immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors are usually given. When even immunotherapy fails, further treatment strategy is a difficult challenge. In our report, we describe a case of a patient with primary refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma, and a treatment after failure of all of the treatment modalities mentioned above - chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy as well. A complete remission was finally achieved using combined modality regimen of both; pembrolizumab immunotherapy and chemotherapy GVD containing gemcitabine, vinorelbine and liposomal doxorubicin. In a complete remission the patient finally could proceed to the high-dose chemotherapy followed by successful autologous stem-cell transplantation and brentuximab vedotin consolidation with curable intent.
- Klíčová slova
- pembrolizumab,
- MeSH
- brentuximab vedotin farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Hodgkinova nemoc * diagnóza farmakoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- homologní transplantace klasifikace metody MeSH
- imunoterapie metody MeSH
- inhibitory kontrolních bodů * farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH