A comparative study of interaction between chicken egg white lysozyme (Lyz) with two hexavalent chromate ions; chromate and dichromate; which are prevalently known for their toxicity, was investigated using different spectroscopic techniques along with a molecular docking study. Both steady-state and time-resolved studies revealed that the addition of chromate/dichromate is responsible for strong quenching of intrinsic fluorescence in Lyz and the quenching is caused by both static and dynamic quenching mechanisms. Different binding and thermodynamic parameters were also calculated at different temperatures from the intrinsic fluorescence of Lyz. The conformational change in Lyz and thermodynamic parameters obtained during the course of interaction with chromate/dichromate were well-supported by the molecular docking results.
The effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Curculigo orchoides on hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) induced toxicity in rats was investigated. Sub-acute toxicity studies were performed by OECD guidelines. K2Cr2O7 (30 mg/kg) was administered to all groups except control group for a period of 28 days by oral gavage. Control group received distilled water; treatment groups received C. orchoides (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg). Cr(VI) administration resulted in up-regulation of serum biochemical parameters such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and tissue biochemical markers viz. lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content. C. orchioides (100 mg/kg) significantly decreased these enzyme levels. The activities of anti-oxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase were significantly decreased by Cr(VI) administration (50.7%, 43.7% and 37.9%, respectively). Further, mRNA expression studies and histopathology studies confirmed Cr(VI) toxicity. In all cases, C. orchioides promoted significant restoration of enzyme levels in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest the ameliorating effect of C. orchoides on Cr(VI) induced oxidative stress is probably via, modulation of cytokines, transcription factors and apoptotic genes.
- Klíčová slova
- Curculigo orchoides,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- chrom * toxicita MeSH
- Curculigo * MeSH
- dvojchroman draselný toxicita MeSH
- histologické techniky MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- testy toxicity metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- western blotting MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- dvojchroman draselný * terapeutické užití MeSH
- extubace * MeSH
- homeopatie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- trvalý přetlak v dýchacích cestách MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
At ecosystems level, environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration and intensity of UV radiation (UVR) have an important role on the efficiency of organisms' physiological and behavioral performances and consequently on the capacity of response to contaminants. Insignificant alterations of these parameters may compromise this response. In addition, these parameters can additionally alter chemical compounds by inducing their degradation, producing thereafter other metabolites. Understanding the combined effects of chemicals and environmental parameters is absolutely necessary for an adequate prediction of risk in aquatic environments. According to this scenario, this work aims at studying the combined toxicity of UVR and three xenobiotics: the biocide triclosan (TCS), the metal chromium (as potassium dichromate, PD) and the fungicide prochloraz (PCZ). To achieve this goal zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (3h post fertilization (hpf)) were exposed to several concentrations of each chemical combined with different UV intensities; mortality and eggs were recorded every 24h for the all test duration (96 h). Results showed different response patterns depending on the toxicant, stress levels and duration of exposure. The combination of UVR and TCS indicated a dose ratio deviation where synergism was observed when UVR was the dominant stressor (day 2). The combination of UVR and PD presented a dose level dependency at day 3 indicating antagonism at low stress levels, changing with time where at day 4, a dose ratio deviation showed statistically that synergism occurred at higher PD concentrations. Finally, UVR combined with PCZ indicated a dose ratio at day 3 and dose level deviation at day 4 of exposure, suggesting a synergistic response when PCZ is the dominant stressor in the combination. The obtained results in this study highlighted the importance of taking into account the possible interaction of stressors and time of exposure to better predict environmental risk.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky lokální toxicita MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- dánio pruhované MeSH
- dvojchroman draselný toxicita MeSH
- embryo nesavčí účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- imidazoly toxicita MeSH
- průmyslové fungicidy toxicita MeSH
- triclosan toxicita MeSH
- ultrafialové záření * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The present study was designed to determine the influence of temperature and the addition of potassium dichromate solution (K2Cr2O7) on the efficiency of sporulation of Eimeria bovis (Zublin, 1908), a coccidian species most commonly diagnosed in European bison Bison bonasus (Linnaeus). Sporulation under conventional conditions (2.5% dichromate solution, 23 °C) was completed on the fourth day of incubation (control), whereas the oocyst development took two days more at the temperature of 18 °C, and two days less at 28 °C. Additionally, experimental sporulation of E. bovis at the temperature of 23 °C in the environment of sterilised tap water (without any preservation) took 9 days more compared to control. Finally, oocyst development took 16 weeks when the faces were stored in the refrigerator (3-5 °C) without any special additives. Overall, our results indicate that K2Cr2O7, besides the temperature, plays a crucial role in the process of sporulation of oocysts under laboratory conditions, as the longest delay in sporogony was observed when the faeces were stored without any other additives in the temperature of the refrigerator.
- MeSH
- bizon * parazitologie MeSH
- dvojchroman draselný MeSH
- Eimeriidae * růst a vývoj MeSH
- oocysty růst a vývoj MeSH
- roztoky MeSH
- spory protozoální růst a vývoj MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Polsko MeSH
- MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- biochemická analýza krve MeSH
- dvojchroman draselný krev škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- glutathion analýza účinky léků MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa analýza účinky léků MeSH
- glutathionreduktasa analýza účinky léků MeSH
- otrava patofyziologie MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- Pleurotus * MeSH
- potkani Wistar fyziologie krev MeSH
- potravní doplňky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- sloučeniny chromu * krev škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds is of concern in many Cr-related industries and their surrounding environment. Cr(VI) is a proven toxin and carcinogen. The Cr(VI) compounds are easily absorbed, can diffuse across cell membranes, and have strong oxidative potential. Despite intensive studies of Cr(VI) pro-oxidative effects, limited data exist on the influence of Cr(VI) on selenoenzymes thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-important components of antioxidant defense system. This study investigates the effect of Cr(VI) exposure on antioxidant defense status, with focus on these selenoenzymes, and on trace element homeostasis in an acute experiment in rat. Male Wistar rats (130-140g) were assigned to two groups of 8 animals: I. control; and II. Cr(VI) treated. The animals in Cr(VI) group were administered a single dose of K2Cr2O7 (20 mg /kg, intraperitoneally (ip)). The control group received saline solution. After 24 h, the animals were sacrificed and the liver and kidneys were examined for lipid peroxidation (LP; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration), the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of GPx-1, TrxR-1, and glutathione reductase (GR). Samples of tissues were also used to estimate Cr accumulation and alterations in zinc, copper, and iron levels. The acute Cr(VI) exposure caused an increase in both hepatic and renal LP (by 70%, p < 0.01 and by 15%, p < 0.05, respectively), increased hepatic GSH level and GPx-1 activity, and decreased renal GPx-1 activity. The activity of GR was not changed. A significant inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) was found on TrxR-1 activity in both the liver and the kidneys. The ability of Cr(VI) to cause TrxR inhibition could contribute to its cytotoxic effects. Further investigation of oxidative responses in different in vivo models may enable the development of strategies to protect against Cr(VI) oxidative damage.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- chrom toxicita MeSH
- dvojchroman draselný toxicita MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- glutathionreduktasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- homeostáza účinky léků MeSH
- játra účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- měď metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- stopové prvky farmakologie MeSH
- thioredoxin-disulfidreduktasa antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus MeSH
- železo metabolismus MeSH
- zinek metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Bacteria-assisted bioremediation is widely recognized as a low-cost method to minimize the consequences of soil pollution with toxic metals originating from industrial sites. Strains used in bioremediation have to deal with high metal load via biosorption, reduction, bioprecipitation, metal sequestration, and/or chelation. Actinobacteria, and streptomycetes in particular, are considered a perspective group for bioremediation as natural soil inhabitants with extensive secondary metabolism. Nevertheless, there is no reference information on survival of the model streptomycetes in the presence of the most abundant metal pollutants. Also, there are no reports describing the selection approaches towards improvement of bioremediation properties. In this work, the resistance of Streptomyces coelicolor M145 and Streptomyces sioyaensis Lv81 to certain transition metals and their growth under different pH values are described for the first time. Spontaneous chromate-resistant S. sioyaensis Lv81-138 strain was selected in the course of this work. Strain Lv81-138 is the most efficient actinobacterial Cr(VI) reducer reported so far, capable of converting 12 mmol/L of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) in a medium supplemented with 50 mmol/L K2CrO4.
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
- biotransformace MeSH
- chromany metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kovy metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- mikrobiální viabilita účinky léků MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- Streptomyces účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A set of 69 concentration-response curves from 5 acute ecotoxicity assays was fitted with a 2-parameter logistic equation. High correlation between values of regression parameters suggested similar slopes of the curves. This enabled derivation of the empirical single-parameter logistic equation with the sole median effective concentration (EC50) parameter. Such an equation might be useful in the evaluation of lower-quality (preliminary) experimental data and for the reduction of the number of test organisms and of testing costs.
- MeSH
- Aliivibrio fischeri účinky léků MeSH
- Chlorophyta účinky léků MeSH
- Daphnia účinky léků MeSH
- dvojchroman draselný toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita MeSH
- logistické modely * MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- testy akutní toxicity * normy MeSH
- živorodka MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of contact hypersensitivity in asymptomatic Czech schoolchildren. We recruited 236 Prague asymptomatic schoolchildren for epicutaneous tests. The children were tested with European baseline series (25 allergens). A total of 218 children (114 boys and 104 girls) completed the study. Of these, 67 (30.7%) children had one or more positive reactions to tested allergens. Nickel, neomycin and potassium dichromate were the most prevalent allergens detected in our study. Our findings may support the notion that allergic contact sensitization in children is not so rare and children, especially those with chronic dermatitis, should be patch tested regularly.
- MeSH
- alergeny MeSH
- atopická dermatitida epidemiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dvojchroman draselný MeSH
- kontaktní dermatitida epidemiologie MeSH
- konzervační prostředky farmaceutické MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- náplasťové testy MeSH
- neomycin MeSH
- nikl MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
