• Keywords
• Detralex,
• MeSH
• Chronic Disease MeSH
• Diosmin * administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Lower Extremity physiopathology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Clinical Trials as Topic MeSH
• Comorbidity MeSH
• Congresses as Topic MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Heart Disease Risk Factors MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Venous Insufficiency * diagnosis   drug therapy   physiopathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• MeSH
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Antihypertensive Agents pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Atherosclerosis * drug therapy   physiopathology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Diosmin pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Hypertension diagnosis   drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Hypolipidemic Agents pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases etiology   drug therapy   prevention & control   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Periodontitis complications   therapy   MeSH
• Heart Disease Risk Factors MeSH
• Inflammation drug therapy   immunology   MeSH
• Venous Insufficiency etiology   complications   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH
• Newspaper Article MeSH

• Keywords
• sulodexid, apixaban,
• MeSH
• Anticoagulants * pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Varicose Ulcer * drug therapy   nursing   MeSH
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive MeSH
• Diosmin pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Erysipelas drug therapy   MeSH
• Glycosaminoglycans pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Wound Healing MeSH
• Hyperbaric Oxygenation methods   MeSH
• Respiratory Tract Infections etiology   drug therapy   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Penicillin G pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Pyrazoles pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Pyridones pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Rivaroxaban pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Warfarin adverse effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• Keywords
• MPFF,
• MeSH
• Anticoagulants pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Varicose Ulcer prevention & control   MeSH
• Diosmin pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Postthrombotic Syndrome drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Venous Insufficiency * therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Newspaper Article MeSH

• Keywords
• studie VEIN STEP, MPFF,
• MeSH
• Diosmin therapeutic use   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Cardiovascular Agents pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Conservative Treatment * MeSH
• Quality of Life MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Venous Insufficiency * drug therapy   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH

• Keywords
• Detralex,
• MeSH
• Varicose Ulcer * drug therapy   complications   therapy   MeSH
• Diosmin therapeutic use   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Hesperidin therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cardiovascular Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Drug Substitution MeSH
• Postthrombotic Syndrome surgery   drug therapy   MeSH
• Venous Insufficiency complications   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

BACKGROUND: Venotonics are a class of therapeutically active molecules that have vaso-protective effects. They are used to alleviate venous diseases and disorders, particularly venous insufficiency. We compared the composition of prescription versus over-the-counter (OTC) venotonics using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-DAD) and simulating their digestion using a static digestive model. METHODS: From each drug, five tablets were weighed. A homogenate was prepared, and 25 mg of crushed homogenized tablets were weighed into 25 ml volumetric flasks. Dissolved in MeOH and added two drops of saturated NaOH solution. The samples were filtered into vials (Teflon, 0.45 μm) and used for analysis. An Ultimate 3000 HPLC system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) consisting of a quaternization pump, autosampler, column thermostat and DAD (UV/VIS detector) was used. The composition of the mobile phase proceeded in a linear gradient from 30% methanol and 70% phosphoric acid (0.15%) in water at time t=0 min. to 80% methanol and 20% phosphoric acid (0.15%) at time t=15 min., at a constant mobile phase flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. Detection was performed using a DAD detector in the 190-450 nm wavelength range. The content of monitored flavonoids was calculated from peaks at a wavelength of 277 nm, in which both flavonoids have their absorption maxima. The static digestive model was used to simulate the digestive phase from the oral cavity to the corresponding intestinal phase. RESULTS: The content of diosmin and hesperidin (mg per table) for a prescription drug: Detralex: 480 mg, 26 mg. The content of diosmin and hesperidin (mg per tablet) for OTC drugs: Venostop: 502 mg, 48 mg, Diosminol: 520 mg, 50 mg, Devenal: 496 mg, 49 mg, Diohes: 493 mg, 46 mg. Digestion did not affect the solubility of all tested drugs. The active substances could not be determined in the non-alkalized sample. After alkalization, part of the insoluble matter was visibly dissolved and converted to a yellow flavonoid complex. Neither diosmin nor hesperidin could be identified afterwards. CONCLUSIONS: Our experimental results show that the contents of both listed active substances, diosmin and hesperidin, met the declared amounts in all tested medicaments. Digestion simulation showed identical behaviour in prescription and OTC venotonics. The active substances could not be determined in the non-alkalized sample. Digestion did not affect the solubility of the tested drugs.

• MeSH
• Models, Biological MeSH
• Diosmin analysis   MeSH
• Hesperidin analysis   MeSH
• Nonprescription Drugs * chemistry   MeSH
• Prescription Drugs analysis   chemistry   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Tablets MeSH
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

• Keywords
• mikronizovaná purifikovaná flavonoidní frakce,
• MeSH
• Diosmin pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Flavonoids * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Hesperidin pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cardiovascular Agents pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Venous Insufficiency * drug therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• Keywords
• mikronizovaná purifikovaná flavonoidní frakce,
• MeSH
• Varicose Ulcer etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Diosmin administration & dosage   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Flavonoids pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Hesperidin administration & dosage   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Wound Healing MeSH
• Cardiovascular Agents administration & dosage   pharmacology   toxicity   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Venous Insufficiency * complications   physiopathology   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• Keywords
• klasifikace CEAP,
• MeSH
• Diosmin pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Lower Extremity anatomy & histology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Endovascular Procedures methods   MeSH
• Flavonoids pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Varicose Veins etiology   drug therapy   MeSH
• Veins anatomy & histology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Venous Insufficiency * diagnosis   drug therapy   classification   complications   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH