V kohortových studiích měli muži s diabetes mellitus 2. typu (DM2) konzistentně 2krát vyšší frekvenci nízké hladiny testosteronu než muži bez diabetu. Metabolický syndrom a diabetes mellitus 2. typu vedou k nižší hladině testosteronu u mužů zejména útlumem hypotalamické sekrece gonadoliberinu a zvýšenou konverzí testosteronu na estrogen. Hypogonadismus potom sám o sobě zhoršuje obezitu a inzulinovou rezistenci. Za hypogonadismus je podle současných doporučení považován stav, kdy jsou zároveň přítomny typické příznaky hypogonadismu a současně snížená hladina testosteronu (pod 12 nmol/l). Dle doporučených postupů je vhodné aktivně pátrat po hypogonadismu u mužů s DM2 a v případě jeho potvrzení zahájit vhodnou léčbu. Ke screeningu příznaků hypogonadismu se mezinárodně používá Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) dotazník, který je cenným nástrojem pro hodnocení kvality života a symptomů souvisejících se zdravím u stárnoucích mužů. Na základě výsledků a hladiny testosteronu se rozhodujeme o léčbě, která při nízkých hladinách testosteronu je substituční. Dotazník nám také pomáhá prolomit komunikační bariéru na téma sexuálního života pacienta a případné erektilní dysfunkce, kterou lze v řadě případů úspěšně léčit.
In cohort studies, men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) consistently had twice the frequency of low testosterone levels compared to men without diabetes. Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus lead to lower testosterone levels primarily by suppressing hypothalamic gonadoliberin secretion and by increasing the conversion of testosterone to oestrogen. Hypogonadism itself then worsens obesity and insulin resistance. According to current recommendations, hypogonadism is defined as the presence of typical hypogonadal symptoms together with a reduced testosterone level (below 12 nmol/l). It is advisable to actively screen for hypogonadism in men with T2DM and, if confirmed, initiate appropriate treatment. The Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) questionnaire is used internationally to screen for symptoms of hypogonadism; it is a valuable tool for assessing quality of life and health-related symptoms in aging men. Based on the questionnaire results and testosterone levels, treatment decisions are made; in cases of low testosterone levels, testosterone replacement therapy is indicated. The questionnaire also helps break down communication barriers regarding the patient’s sexual life and potential erectile dysfunction, which can often be successfully treated.
There is increasing pressure on meat producers worldwide due to the need for higher yields and improved meat quality. This is why anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have been widely used in most countries, due to their ability to accelerate animal muscle growth. However, out of concern for their side effects, EU states have banned their use and implemented control mechanisms. But they are reaching their limits, and therefore, it is necessary to look for new ways and investigate the mechanism of action of AAS on muscle tissue. This study replicated the administration of banned AAS (testosterone, nandrolone and their combination) and observed their effect on pig muscle. The pig model was purposely chosen for the study, as no such research has been carried out on this species. At the same time, pork is one of the most consumed meats in Europe. It focused on histological changes in muscle structure, specifically the size of muscle fibres and the number of satellite cells per muscle fibre. Furthermore, ultrastructural changes in muscle fibres, the diameter of myofibrils, the number of myofibrils per area, the distance between myofibrils and the size of sarcomeres were examined. The results using the techniques of histology, fluorescent labelling and transmission electron microscopy showed that, after the application of AAS, there is an increase in the diameter of muscle fibres, an increase in the diameter of myofibrils, a decrease in the number of myofibrils per surface area and, in the case of testosterone, an increase in the distance between myofibrils and an increase in the length of sarcomeres. There was also a significant increase in the number of satellite cells per muscle fibre. The detected statistically significant differences between control and experimental groups provide evidence that selected histological parameters could be additional mechanisms for detecting the presence of AAS in pork meat in the future.
- MeSH
- Anabolic Agents * pharmacology MeSH
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal * drug effects ultrastructure MeSH
- Muscle, Skeletal drug effects anatomy & histology ultrastructure MeSH
- Myofibrils * drug effects ultrastructure MeSH
- Nandrolone * pharmacology MeSH
- Swine anatomy & histology MeSH
- Sarcomeres drug effects ultrastructure MeSH
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle drug effects ultrastructure MeSH
- Testosterone * pharmacology MeSH
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission veterinary MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The objective of our in vitro study was to quantify the biochemical profile where the total polyphenol, flavonoid and phenolic acid content was determined. The antioxidant potential of microgreen extract from Trigonella foenum-graecum L., was measured molybdenum reducing power assay. Specifically, the study assessed parameters such as metabolic activity (AlamarBlueTM assay), membrane integrity (CFDA-AM assay), mitochondrial potential (JC-1 assay), as well as reactive oxygen species generation (NBT assay). In addition, the steroid hormone release in TM3 murine Leydig cells after 12 h and 24 h exposures were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The gained results indicate the highest value in total flavonoid content (182.59+/-2.13 mg QE) determination, supported by a significant (108.25+/-1.27 mg TE) antioxidant activity. The effects on metabolic activity, cell membrane integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were found to be both time- and dose-dependent. Notably, a significant suppression in reactive oxygen species generation was confirmed at 150, 200 and 250 microg/ml after 24 h exposure. In addition, progesterone and testosterone release was stimulated up to 250 microg/ml dose of Trigonella, followed by a decline in both steroid production at 300 and 1000 microg/ml. Our results indicate, that Trigonella at lower experimental doses (up to 250 microg/ml) may positively affect majority of monitored cell parameters in TM3 Leydig cells. Overleaf, increasing experimental doses may negatively affect the intracellular parameters already after 12 h of in vitro exposure. Key words Microgreens, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Fenugreek, Leydig cells, Male reproduction.
- MeSH
- Antioxidants pharmacology MeSH
- Cell Line MeSH
- Phytochemicals pharmacology MeSH
- Leydig Cells * drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial drug effects MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism MeSH
- Plant Extracts * pharmacology MeSH
- Testosterone metabolism MeSH
- Trigonella * chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Vitamin D hraje velice významnou roli pro lidské zdraví. Jeho nedostatek je spojen s mnoha zdravotními komplikacemi. Obecně je ale méně známý jeho vliv na reprodukci a sexuální funkce mužů i žen. V článku přinášíme přehledné informace o této problematice a informujeme i o možnostech suplementace vitaminu D. Suplementace vitaminu D je pro zdraví a kvalitu života přínosná téměř ve všech oblastech. Nejúčinnější je léčba přípravky na lékařský předpis. Nová možnost léčby kalcifediolem je ještě efektivnější a bezpečnější volbou.
Vitamin D plays a very significant role in human health. Its deficiency is associated with many health complications. However, its influence on reproduction and sexual function in both men and women is generally less known. This article provides an overview of this issue and informs about the possibilities of vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for health and quality of life in almost all areas. The most effective treatment is with prescription drugs. A new treatment option with calcifediol is an even more effective and safer choice.
- MeSH
- Avitaminosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Erectile Dysfunction drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Fertility drug effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Menstrual Cycle metabolism drug effects MeSH
- Premature Ejaculation drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Reproductive Health * MeSH
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome drug therapy MeSH
- Testosterone physiology MeSH
- Vitamin D * physiology metabolism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
The central nervous system is a well-known steroidogenic tissue producing, among others, cholesterol metabolites such as neuroactive steroids, oxysterols and steroid hormones. It is well known that these endogenous molecules affect several receptor classes, including ionotropic GABAergic and NMDA glutamatergic receptors in neurons. It has been shown that also ionotropic purinergic (P2X) receptors are cholesterol metabolites' targets. Among P2X receptors, purinergic P2X4 and P2X7 receptors are expressed in microglia, the innate immune cells involved in the brain inflammatory response. In this study, we explore the ionotropic purinergic receptors modulation by cholesterol metabolites in microglia. Patch-clamp experiments were performed in BV2 cells, a murine microglia cell line, to evaluate effects of cholesterol metabolites using micro- and nanomolar concentrations. About P2X4 receptor, we found that testosterone butyrate (20 μM and 200 nM) and allopregnanolone (10 μM and 100 nM) both potentiated its current, while neither 25-hydroxycholesterol (10 μM and 100 nM) nor 17β-estradiol (1 μM) showed any effects. On the other hand, P2X7 receptor current was potentiated by allopregnanolone (10 μM) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (10 μM and 100 nM). Taken together, our data show that modulation of either P2X4 and P2X7 current is affected differently by cholesterol metabolites, suggesting a structure-activity relationship among these players. Identifying the possible link between purinergic transmission, microglia and cholesterol metabolites will allow to define new targets for drug development to treat neuroinflammation.
- MeSH
- Cell Line MeSH
- Microglia * metabolism MeSH
- Pregnanolone * metabolism MeSH
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X4 * metabolism MeSH
- Testosterone * metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
An important complication of prolonged support of the left ventricle with an assist device when implanted in patients with heart failure is unloading-induced cardiac atrophy. Our recent study suggested that sex-linked differences in the development of atrophy induced by heterotopic heart transplantation (HTX) do exist, however, the role of the environmental conditions dependent on plasma concentrations of sex hormones remains elusive. We aimed to compare the course of HTX-induced cardiac atrophy in male and female rats after gonadectomy with substitution of steroid hormones of the opposite sex. In a separate series of experiments, we evaluated the course of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy in the female heart transplanted into a male recipient and vice versa. Cardiac atrophy was assessed as the ratio of the transplanted heart weight to native heart weight (HW), which was determined 14 days after HTX. In female rats, studied in both experimental variants, HTx resulted in significantly smaller decreases in whole HW when compared to those observed in male rats exposed to the same experimental conditions (-9 ± 1 and - 11 + 1 vs. -44 ± 2 and -42 ± 2 %, p?0.05 in both cases). The dynamic of changes in left and right ventricle was similar as in the whole HW. Our results show that the process of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy exhibits important sex-linked differences and that attenuation of this process in female rats cannot be simply ascribed to the protective effects of estradiol or to the absence of deleterious actions of testosterone. Keywords: Cardiac atrophy, Sex differences, Gonadectomy, Hormonal substitution, Heterotopic heart transplantation, Mechanical heart unloading.
- MeSH
- Atrophy * MeSH
- Estradiol blood MeSH
- Transplantation, Heterotopic * MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Sex Characteristics * MeSH
- Gonadal Steroid Hormones * blood MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Heart MeSH
- Testosterone blood MeSH
- Heart Transplantation * adverse effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Testosterone * metabolism deficiency MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resistance training (RT) alongside creatine-hydrochloride (Cr-HCl) or creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation on anabolic/catabolic hormones, strength, and body composition. Forty participants with an age range of 18-25 years were randomly divided into four groups (n=10): RT+Cr-HCl (0.03 g.kg-1 of body mass), RT+CrM-loading phase (CrM-LP) (0.3 g.kg-1 of body mass for five days (loading) and 0.03 g.kg-1 body mass for 51 days (maintenance)), RT+CrM-without loading phase (CrM-WLP) (0.03 g.kg-1 body mass), and RT+placebo (PL). The participants consumed supplements and performed RT with an intensity of 70-85 % 1RM for eight weeks. Before and after the training and supplementation period, strength (1RM), body composition (percent body fat (PBF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), muscular cross-sectional area (MCSA)) and serum levels of testosterone, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follistatin and myostatin were measured. The results showed that in the supplementation groups, strength, arm and thigh MCSA, and SMM significantly increased, and PBF significantly decreased (P
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Hydrocortisone blood MeSH
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I metabolism MeSH
- Muscle, Skeletal metabolism drug effects MeSH
- Creatine * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Human Growth Hormone blood MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Resistance Training * methods MeSH
- Dietary Supplements * MeSH
- Body Composition * MeSH
- Muscle Strength * drug effects MeSH
- Testosterone blood MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
Dyspareunie je definována jako bolestivý sexuální styk. Může mít značný vliv na partnerské vztahy a celkovou kvalitu života postižených žen. Tento článek se zaměřuje na přehled aktuálních poznatků týkajících se definice, prevalence, diagnostiky a léčby dyspareunie. Shrnuje klíčové informace o současných poznatcích o dyspareunii a poskytuje nezbytný základ pro klinickou praxi v oblasti sexuálního zdraví.
Dyspareunia is defined as painful sexual intercourse. It can have a significant impact on partner relationships and the overall quality of life of affected women. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding the definition, prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of dyspareunia. It summarizes key information on current knowledge about dyspareunia and provides an essential foundation for clinical practice in sexual health.
- MeSH
- Dehydroepiandrosterone pharmacology classification therapeutic use MeSH
- Dyspareunia * diagnosis etiology drug therapy complications MeSH
- Estrogens pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Genital Diseases, Female diagnosis classification complications MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases classification complications MeSH
- Sexual Health MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
