AIMS: In the present study we tested the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to minimize nephrotoxic effects of iodine contrast agents in intact rats as well as in 5/6-nephrectomized (5/6-Nx) rats. METHODS: Rats were allocated to a group of intact rats (n = 42) and a group of 5/6-Nx rats (n = 42). After 1 month of recovery from surgery, 5/6-Nx rats and intact (sham-operated) animals received either 6 ml/kg body weight (b.w.) meglumine ioxithalamate (Telebrix 350) or 6 ml/kg b.w. iohexol (Omnipaque 350) intravenously with or without pretreatment with 100 mg/kg b.w. NAC. Plasma and urinary concentrations of creatinine, sodium and protein in 24-hour urine collections were determined prior to and on days 1, 3 and 7 after drug administration. RESULTS: In intact animals, contrast agents caused no significant changes in kidney function throughout the duration of the experiment. In contrast, significant increases in plasma creatinine levels and decreases in creatinine clearance were induced by both contrast agents in 5/6-Nx rats. These changes were significantly attenuated by NAC pretreatment. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study demonstrate that iodine contrast agent-induced nephropathy in 5/6-Nx rats is significantly attenuated by intravenous pretreatment with NAC.
- MeSH
- acetylcystein aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- jod škodlivé účinky MeSH
- johexol škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kontrastní látky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- meglumin-jothalamát škodlivé účinky MeSH
- nefrektomie MeSH
- nemoci ledvin chemicky indukované prevence a kontrola MeSH
- premedikace metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Disorders of the free passage of the C.S.F. through the Sylvian aqueduct are among the common causes of intracranial hypertension. After the partial or complete obstruction of the aqueduct, the intracranial hypertension may be produced by three different mechanisms - a) by hypertensive hydrocephalus of the third and lateral ventricles, b) by the combination of hydrocephalus and the space-occupying lesion or c) by the acute obstruction of the aqueduct with acute dilatation of the third and lateral ventricles. The supratentorial hypertension may be, in some cases, transferred to the posterior fossa via the incisura tentorii. For many years, neurosurgeons have been trying to restore the free passage of C.S.F by different surgical techniques which could make possible free outflow of supratentorial hypertension. The number of procedures suggested has proved the importance of the obstruction of the Sylvian aqueduct and difficulties in its treatment (5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19). Since 1972, the selective ventriculography of the third and fourth ventricles with Conray 60 (1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 20, 21) was performed by the author in 1005 patients and pathological findings were proved in 602. Our of 602 patients with pathological findings, the aqueductal stenosis was proved in 39 and complete obstruction of aqueduct in 168 patients, i.e. in 28 per cent of all pathological findings. The new techniques of interventriculostomy (third to fourth ventricle shunt) using Seldinger's technique is described, presented and documented by x-ray pictures. This technique has been used on 5 patients successfully treated upto now.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meglumin-jothalamát MeSH
- myelografie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH