The RAS pathway is among the most frequently activated signaling nodes in cancer. However, the mechanisms that alter RAS activity in human pathologies are not entirely understood. The most prevalent post-translational modification within the GTPase core domain of NRAS and KRAS is ubiquitination at lysine 128 (K128), which is significantly decreased in cancer samples compared to normal tissue. Here, we found that K128 ubiquitination creates an additional binding interface for RAS GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), NF1 and RASA1, thus increasing RAS binding to GAP proteins and promoting GAP-mediated GTP hydrolysis. Stimulation of cultured cancer cells with growth factors or cytokines transiently induces K128 ubiquitination and restricts the extent of wild-type RAS activation in a GAP-dependent manner. In KRAS mutant cells, K128 ubiquitination limits tumor growth by restricting RAL/ TBK1 signaling and negatively regulating the autocrine circuit induced by mutant KRAS. Reduction of K128 ubiquitination activates both wild-type and mutant RAS signaling and elicits a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, promoting RAS-driven pancreatic tumorigenesis.

• MeSH
• GTP Phosphohydrolases metabolism   genetics   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lysine metabolism   MeSH
• Membrane Proteins metabolism   genetics   MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
• Neurofibromin 1 MeSH
• p120 GTPase Activating Protein metabolism   genetics   MeSH
• Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism   genetics   MeSH
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) * metabolism   genetics   MeSH
• ras Proteins metabolism   genetics   MeSH
• Signal Transduction MeSH
• Ubiquitination * MeSH
• Protein Binding * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Mucosal malignant melanoma (MMM) is a rare and aggressive tumor. Despite effective local therapies, tumor recurrence and metastasis remain frequent. The genetics of MMM remain incompletely understood. This study is aimed to identify actionable genetic alterations by next-generation sequencing. Fifteen MMM samples were analyzed by next-generation and Sanger sequencing. Gene copy number alterations were analyzed by MLPA. Mutation status was correlated with pERK, pAKT, and Ki-67 expression and follow-up data. Inactivating mutations and intragenic deletions in neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) were identified in 3 and 2 cases, respectively, (in total 5/15, 33%) and activating mutations in NRAS and KRAS (3/15, 20%) cases. Other mutated genes included CDKN2A, APC, ATM, MITF, FGFR1, and FGFR2. BRAF and KIT mutations were not observed. Cases with NF1 alterations tended to have worse overall survival. The mutational status was not associated with pERK, pAKT, or Ki-67 immunostaining. MMM carries frequent gene mutations activating the MAPK pathway, similar to cutaneous melanoma. In contrast, NF1 is the most frequently affected gene. Intragenic NF1 deletions have not been described before and may go undetected by sequencing studies. This finding is clinically relevant as NF1-mutated melanomas have worse survival and could benefit from therapy with immune checkpoint and MEK inhibitors.

• MeSH
• Gene Deletion * MeSH
• Phenotype MeSH
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Melanoma genetics   mortality   secondary   therapy   MeSH
• DNA Mutational Analysis MeSH
• Biomarkers, Tumor genetics   MeSH
• Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms genetics   mortality   pathology   therapy   MeSH
• Neurofibromin 1 genetics   MeSH
• Nasal Mucosa pathology   MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

ABSTRACT: Primary cutaneous desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a group of rare melanocytic tumors arising on severely sun-damaged skin, histologically characterized by the proliferation of spindled melanocytes in a prominent desmoplastic stroma, with a range of morphological presentations. In this article, we report a unique case of primary cutaneous DM composed of a nodular proliferation of highly pleomorphic spindled and epithelioid cells, pseudoglandular structures, clear cell change, and unusual collagen rosettes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a strong and diffuse positivity for S-100 protein, SOX-10, nestin, p75 (nerve growth factor receptor), WT1, and p53. Molecular analysis detected a mutation in the NF1 gene [c.4084C > T, p.(Arg1362Ter)], 2 different pathogenic mutations in TP53 [c.742C > T, p.(Arg248Trp), AF:12%, COSM1640831 and c.528C > G, p.(Cys176Trp), AF:12%, COSM11114], and a mutation in GNAS [c.601C > T, p.(Arg201Cys), AF: 9%, COSM123397]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reporting collagen rosettes and pseudoglandular features in primary cutaneous DM.

• MeSH
• Chromogranins genetics   MeSH
• Immunohistochemistry MeSH
• Collagen Type IV metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Melanoma genetics   metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics   MeSH
• Skin Neoplasms genetics   metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Neurofibromin 1 genetics   MeSH
• GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs genetics   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH

Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) are frequently driven by genetic alterations in the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathway yet show unexplained variability in their clinical outcome. To address this, we characterized a cohort of >1,000 clinically annotated pLGG. Eighty-four percent of cases harbored a driver alteration, while those without an identified alteration also often exhibited upregulation of the RAS/MAPK pathway. pLGG could be broadly classified based on their alteration type. Rearrangement-driven tumors were diagnosed at a younger age, enriched for WHO grade I histology, infrequently progressed, and rarely resulted in death as compared with SNV-driven tumors. Further sub-classification of clinical-molecular correlates stratified pLGG into risk categories. These data highlight the biological and clinical differences between pLGG subtypes and opens avenues for future treatment refinement.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Oncogene Proteins, Fusion genetics   MeSH
• Gene Rearrangement * MeSH
• Glioma classification   genetics   pathology   MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases genetics   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Mutation * MeSH
• Biomarkers, Tumor genetics   MeSH
• Brain Neoplasms classification   genetics   pathology   MeSH
• Neurofibromin 1 genetics   MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf genetics   MeSH
• ras Proteins genetics   MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic * MeSH
• Gene Expression Profiling MeSH
• DNA Copy Number Variations * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Projekt je zaměřen na detailní analýzu exprese pěti kandidátních biomarkerů (PBX1, HOXC9, NF1, HMGI-C a HMGA2), které souvisejí s rezistencí k retinoidům v buňkách neuroblastomu. Endogenní exprese těchto biomarkerů bude hodnocena pomocí PCR a imunodetekce ve stabilizovaných neuroblastomových buněčných liniích a v párových vzorcích nádorové tkáně od jednotlivých pacientů. Do studie bude zařazeno nejméně 25-30 párových vzorků nádorové tkáně odebírané pacientům a 25 neuroblastomových buněčných linií. Případné rozdíly v expresi biomarkerů mezi párovými vzorky téhož pacienta, které byly odebrány v době diagnózy a po indukční chemoterapii, budou ověřeny pomocí ovlivnění buněčných linií vybranými retinoidy. Tato studie přinese zejména zcela nové poznatky založené na komplexní analýze všech kandidátních biomarkerů rezistence k retinoidům v rámci jedné experimentální kohorty. Získané informace tak mohou přispět k identifikaci prediktivních biomarkerů, které budou v praxi využitelné ke stanovení léčebné odpovědi na retinoidy u pacientů s vysoce rizikovými neuroblastomy.; This project is aimed at a detailed analysis of the expression of five candidate biomarkers (PBX1, HOXC9, NF1, HMGI-C and HMGA2) associated with the resistance to retinoids in neuroblastoma cells. Endogenous expression of these biomarkers should be evaluated in established neuroblastoma cell lines as well as in paired samples of tumor tissue taken from the individual patients using PCR and immunodetection methods. At least 25-30 paired tumor samples and 25 neuroblastoma cell lines should be included in this study. Possible differences in expression of biomarkers between paired samples taken from the same patient at diagnosis and after induction chemotherapy should be verified on cell lines treated with selected retinoids. This study brings especially completely new information based on multiple analysis of all candidate biomarkers known to be associated with the resistance to retinoids in one experimental cohort. Obtained data may help to identify useful predictive biomarkers of the patient’s response to retinoids within high-risk neuroblastoma category.

• MeSH
• Bexarotene MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Neoplasm MeSH
• Fenretinide MeSH
• Immunologic Techniques MeSH
• Biomarkers, Tumor MeSH
• Neuroblastoma MeSH
• Neurofibromin 1 chemistry   MeSH
• Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
• Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1 chemistry   MeSH
• HMGA Proteins chemistry   MeSH
• Retinoids MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• onkologie
• pediatrie
• chemie, klinická chemie
• NML Publication type
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

We report a case of a 35-year old male patient with a tumor located in the deep dermis on his forearm. The lesion was completely excised but recurred 4 years later. The patient showed no signs of neurofibromatosis type 1. The morphology and immunophenotype of the tumor corresponded to the recently characterized group of soft tissue spindle cell lesions defined by a relatively uniform cytomorphology, patternless architecture, conspicuous stromal and perivascular hyalinization, S100 and CD34 coexpression and recurrent fusions involving RAF1, BRAF, and NTRK1/2 genes. Using a 592-gene panel and massively parallel next-generation sequencing platform, we initially detected only NF1 gene mutation in our case. However, further molecular testing with Archer fusion assay revealed a novel NCOA4-RET gene fusion, adding it to the list of multiple kinase fusions originally reported in these tumors. Although break-apart FISH showed false negative result due to the presence of intrachromosomal rearrangement, RT-PCR confirmed the fusion transcript. Knowing the exact fusion is of great clinical importance especially for patients within the aggressive subset of these neoplasms that could be treated with selective kinase inhibitors. The presented case underscores the benefits of massively parallel sequencing as the types and number of gene fusions these tumors can potentially harbor render single-gene assays such as FISH impractical, and in this particular case, also insensitive.

• MeSH
• Antigens, CD34 genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Hyalin metabolism   MeSH
• Nuclear Receptor Coactivators genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Soft Tissue Neoplasms genetics   pathology   MeSH
• Neurofibromin 1 genetics   MeSH
• Oncogene Fusion * MeSH
• S100 Proteins genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Dermis metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Neurofibromatosis von Recklinghausen typ 1 (NF1) je multisystémové, autozomálně dominantně dědičné neurokutánní onemocnění charakterizované postižením kůže, centrálního a periferního nervového systému, oka, kostí a cévní stěny. Incidence je 1:3000 živě narozených dětí. Příčinou rozvoje onemocnění je mutace tumor supresorového genu NF1 (17q11.2) a z toho vyplývající porucha tvorby neurofibrominu - cytoplazmatického proteinu, přednostně exprimovaného v neuronech, Schwannových buňkách, oligodendrocytech, astrocytech a leukocytech. Hlavní úkolem neurofibrominu je jeho funkce negativního regulátoru komplexu Ras. Porucha této funkce je u NF1 dávána do souvislosti s výskytem mnohočetných nádorových procesů, které histologicky odpovídají hamartomům nebo benigním nádorům. Nádory centrálního nervového systému jsou především gliomy nízkého gradu (pilocytární astrocytom, grade I), zvláště v průběhu zrakové dráhy. Tyto nádory jsou často klinicky asymptomatické. Gliomy bývají časté také v oblasti mozkového kmene a mohou být nalezeny také jinde v mozku a v míše. Hydrocefalus může být u NF1 komplikací gliomu nebo vzniká při stenóze distální části mokovodu. V periferním nervovém systému se objevují neurofibromy a plexiformní neurofibromy. Plexiformní neurofibromy mají významné celoživotní riziko malignizace. Klinická diagnóza NF1 je definována sedmi diagnostickými kriterii a ke stanovení diagnózy je nutný nález alespoň dvou z nich. Metodika přímé DNA analýzy rozsáhlého NF1 genu (61 exonů) je vypracována. Výsledky studií genotyp-fenotyp jsou ale málo průkazné a predikce průběhu onemocnění podle nalezené mutace není v současné době možná. Frekvence sporadického výskytu NF1 je vysoká (30 - 50 %). Variabilita fenotypu onemocnění je výrazná i v rámci jedné rodiny. Kauzální terapie není v současné době známa - léčba je symptomatická. Při progredujícím low-grade gliomu je metodou volby chemoterapie, pro plexiformní neurofibromy chirurgické řešení.

Neurofibromatosis von Recklinghausen type 1 (NF1) is a multisystem, autosomal dominant hereditary neurocutaneous disease characterized by skin, central and peripheral nervous system , eyes , bone, endocrine, gastrointestinal and blood vessel wall involvement. It has an estimated frequency of 1 in 3000. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is caused by mutations in the large NF1 gene located on chromosome 17q11.2, encoding the cytoplasmic protein neurofibromin. It is expressed in multiple cell types but is highly expressed in Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, neurons, astrocytes and leukocytes. Neurofibromin is known to act as a tumor suppressor via Ras-GTPase activation, which causes down-regulation of cellular signaling via the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Failure of this function is associated with a tendency to form tumors which are histologically hamartomas as well as benign tumors. Tumors of the central nervous system include low-grade gliomas (pilocytic astrocytomas grade I), especially optic pathway gliomas. They are often clinically asymptomatic. Other intracranial tumors are in the brain stem and also elsewhere in the brain and spinal cord. Hydrocephalus may be a complication of NF1 gliomas or due to stenosis of the distal part of the aqueduct Silvii. Cutaneous and subcutaneous neurofibromas or plexiform neurofibromas are localized in the peripheral nervous system. Plexiform neurofibromas have a significant lifetime risk of malignancy. The clinical diagnosis of NF1 is defined by diagnostic criteria. The NF1 diagnosis is satisfied when at least two of the seven conditions are met. The method of direct DNA analysis of large NF1 gene (61 exons) is available. The results of studies of genotype - phenotype established few correlations. But predicting the disease by finding mutations is not currently possible. NF1 exhibits a wide range of variability of expression and complete penetrance, even within the same family. About half of cases are new mutations. The treatment of patients with neurofibromatosis is symptomatic. Central nervous system symptomatic low-grade gliomas are most often treated with chemotherapy. For plexiform neurofibromas surgical removal is currently the only treatment option.

• MeSH
• Gene Deletion MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Genetic Techniques * MeSH
• Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 * MeSH
• Optic Nerve Glioma MeSH
• Glioma MeSH
• Hydrocephalus MeSH
• Skin Diseases MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neurofibroma MeSH
• Neurofibromatosis 1 * diagnosis   genetics   MeSH
• Neurofibromin 1 physiology   deficiency   MeSH
• Neurofibroma, Plexiform MeSH
• Signs and Symptoms MeSH
• Germ-Line Mutation MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

Východisko. Zvýšená pravděpodobnost vzniku chromozomálních aberací u plodů matek starších 35 let je obecně známa a již 40 let je indikací k vyšetření karyotypu plodu při invazivní metodě prenatální diagnostiky, neboť genetické riziko a jeho klinický význam je podstatně vyšší než riziko spojené s nezbytnou amniocentézou. Mutagenní vliv vyššího věku otců je znám jen genetikům (1–4). Důvodem je nepochybně řádově nižší riziko vzniku čerstvých genových mutací, velké spektrum možných mutovaných genů a jen limitovaný počet autozomálně dominantně determinovaných poruch s bezprostřední manifestací po porodu. Abiotrofický charakter některých afekcí umožňuje jen omezenou nabídku jejich prevence neinvazivními metodami prenatální diagnostiky. Metody. V souboru 83 pacientů s autozomálně dominantně dědičnými syndromy spektra neurokardiofaciokutánní symptomatiky (NCFCs) jsme zhodnotili genealogická data a věk rodičů, abychom ověřili podíl tohoto mutagenního faktoru na restituci populační incidence při vysokém selekčním koeficientu (0,65). Syndrom neurokardiofaciokutánního spektra (5–7) byl zvolen po identifikaci odpovědných genů, aby mohla být na molekulární úrovni ověřena diagnóza pacientů a rozlišeny formy zděděné a mutace vzniklé de novo. Závěr. V souboru 83 pacientů s klinickou diagnózou NCFC syndromu byla u 32 detekována mutace v PTPN11 genu, u deseti mutace v SOS1 genu, u čtyř mutace v HRAS genu, u tří pacientů mutace v RAF1 genu, u dvou pacientů mutace v BRAF genu a mutace v MEK1, KRAS a NRAS genech detekována vždy u jednoho pacienta. Mutace de novo byla zjištěna u 35 pacientů a u 19 pacientů byla mutace děděna. Selekční koeficient 0,60 (29 de novo ze 48 ) byl zjištěn u pacientů s Noonanovým a LEOPARD syndromy (mutace v PTPN11, SOS1 a RAF1, KRAS a NRAS genech), syndromy Costello a kardiofaciokutánní byly ve všech šesti případech důsledkem čerstvé mutace v HRAS a BRAF genech. U 29 pacientů nemohla být diagnóza NCFC syndromu potvrzena, mutace nebyla v žádném z osmi genů detekována.

Background. Increased frequency of chromosomal aberration in children of mothers aged 35 years and older is very well known and since 1973 it is an indication to investigate the foetal karyotype in cells obtained by invasive method (amniocentesis), because the genetic risk of severe affection is higher than the risk of necessary invasive method. Mutagenic effect of advanced paternal age is known only among geneticists (1–4). The reason is not only low absolute risk of new mutation but particularly a high number of involved genes and last not least the limited spectrum of autosomal dominant disorders without abiotrofic character. Therefore the preventive methods for elimination of this risk are very limited. Only a few of them could be recognized prenatally by noninvasive methods of prenatal diagnostics. Methods. Genealogical, anamnestic and clinical data of 83 patients were studied with clinical suspection on neurocardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (NCFCs) (5–7). The diagnosis has not been confirmed in 29 patients, no mutation was detected in 8 investigated genes (PTPN11, SOS1, HRAS, BRAF, RAF1, MEK1, KRAS, NRAS). In 54 patients with autosomal dominant inherited Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome the diagnosis was confirmed on DNA level and the biological fitness was estimated for each disorder. Paternal age at conception was compared in the group of patients with familial and sporadic occurrence of Noonan and NCFC syndromes. The clinical prognosis of this disorder is represented by biological fitness of patients. Coefficient of selection is 0,6 in Noonan and LEOPARD syndromes (29 from 48). All 6 patients with Costello and cardiofaciocutaneous syndromes developed due to a new mutation. Conclusion. Paternal age at birth was studied in 83 children patients with autosomal dominant Neurocardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (Noonan, LEOPARD, Costello, CFC) with a high population incidence and decreased biological fitness. Due to severe congenital heart defects, failure to thrive in infancy, increased risk for malignancy and further health problems the clinical prognosis of patients in the past was not good. Therefore high mutation rate is expected until now. Identification of genes responsible for manifestation of this disorder, enables to confirm the diagnosis and to recognize inherited and de novo mutations. Genealogy and DNA analysis of PTPN11, SOS1, HRAS, BRAF, RAF1, MEK1, KRAS and NRAS were obtained in cohort of 54 patients with NCFC syndromes and their parents. There were 48 patients with Noonan and LEOPARD syndromes, in 29 cases due to mutation de novo, 19 patients inherited the mutation from one of parents. All 6 patients with Costello syndrome and CFC syndrome were affected due to new mutation. DNA analysis revealed 32 mutations in PTPN11 gene, mutation in SOS1 gene was found in 10 patients, RAF1 mutation was present in 3 patients; mutation in MEK1, KRAS and NRAS genes was present in one patient each. In Costello syndrome and CFC syndrome mutations in HRAS (4 patients) and BRAF (2 patients) genes were detected. Genealogic data allow analysing parental age in the group of patients with new mutation and inherited mutation. Paternal age at conception of patients with Noonan syndrome due to new mutation was significantly increased in comparison to the group of fathers of Noonan patients with inherited mutation – 38,4 years and 29,6 years, resp., range 28 to 55 years and 25 to 35 years, resp. Maternal age was slightly increased too, –30,9 and 27,7, resp. and range 24 to 42 years and 21 to 36 years, resp. but not significantly. The results support the mutagenic effect of paternal age, espec. autosomal dominant mutations.

• MeSH
• Chromosome Aberrations MeSH
• Edetic Acid MeSH
• Craniofacial Abnormalities * etiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mutation * genetics   MeSH
• DNA Mutational Analysis MeSH
• Mutagenesis * MeSH
• Neurofibromin 1 genetics   MeSH
• Noonan Syndrome diagnosis   genetics   MeSH
• Fathers MeSH
• Parturition MeSH
• Prenatal Diagnosis MeSH
• Parents MeSH
• Sequence Analysis MeSH
• LEOPARD Syndrome diagnosis   genetics   MeSH
• Paternal Age * MeSH
• Age Factors * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize the recent advances in the genetics of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL), focusing on the new susceptibility genes and dividing PHEOs/PGLs into two groups based on their transcription profile. RECENT FINDINGS: Recently, TMEM127, MYC-associated factor X, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 2α have been described in the pathogenesis of PHEOs/PGLs. Thus, now about 30-40% of these tumors are linked to the germline mutations, which also include mutations in the VHL, RET, NF1, SDHx, and SDHAF2 genes. Furthermore, PHEOs/PGLs have been divided into two groups, cluster 1 (SDHx/VHL) and cluster 2 (RET/NF1), based on the transcription profile revealed by genome-wide expression microarray analysis. SUMMARY: PHEOs/PGLs are the most inherited tumors among (neuro)endocrine tumors. Future approaches in genetics, including whole-genome sequencing, will allow the discovery of additional PHEO/PGL susceptibility genes. The current division of PHEOs/PGLs into cluster 1 and 2 provides us with additional knowledge related to the pathogenesis of these tumors, including the introduction of new treatment options for patients with metastatic PHEOs/PGLs. New discoveries related to the role of the HIF-1/HIF-2α genes in the pathogenesis of almost all inherited PHEOs/PGLs may call for a new regrouping of these tumors and discoveries of new treatment targets.

• MeSH
• Pheochromocytoma genetics   metabolism   therapy   MeSH
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
• Isoenzymes genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mutation * MeSH
• Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Adrenal Gland Neoplasms genetics   metabolism   therapy   MeSH
• Neurofibromin 1 genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Paraganglioma genetics   metabolism   therapy   MeSH
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Succinate Dehydrogenase genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH

Neurofibromatosis von Recklinghausen typ 1 (NF1) je autozomálně dominantně dědičné onemocnění z okruhu neurokutánních syndromů, s incidencí 1 : 2 500–3 000 a vysokým výskytem nových mutací. Jedná se o onemocnění s multisystémovým postižením organizmu s častým výskytem nádorů. Hydrocefalus se u těchto pacientů vyskytuje buď sekundárně při expanzivním procesu mozku, nebo při idiopatické stenóze akveduktu. U dětí jsou velmi často přítomny vývojové poruchy učení, chování a poruchy vývoje řeči. Předkládáme kazuistiku dvou dětí s NF1 se současným výskytem těžké poruchy vývoje řeči a hydrocefalu při idiopatické stenóze akveduktu. U jednoho z dětí došlo k rozvoji stenózy během sledování. Současný výskyt těžké poruchy řeči a hydrocefalu při idiopatické stenóze akveduktu nebyl zatím popsán.

Neurofibromatosis von Recklinghausen type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder, with incidence of 1 : 2,500–3,000 and a high rate of new mutations. This multisystem disorder is frequently associated with tumours. Hydrocephalus in NF1 patients is either secondary to brain expansion or as a result of idiopathic aqueductal stenosis. Learning disability, behavioural problems and speech development disorders are common in NF1 children. We are presenting two case reports of NF1 children with developmental speech disorder and hydrocephalus consequent to idiopathic aqueductal stenosis. One child developed stenosis during follow up. Coincidence of hydrocephalus due to idiopathic aqueductal stenosis and severe developmental speech disorder has not been described yet.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Epilepsy MeSH
• Hydrocephalus MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Intellectual Disability MeSH
• Mutation genetics   MeSH
• Neoplasms MeSH
• Neurofibromatosis 1 * diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Neurofibromin 1 MeSH
• Neurocutaneous Syndromes MeSH
• Neurology MeSH
• Speech Disorders MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Psychomotor Disorders MeSH
• Cafe-au-Lait Spots MeSH
• Hearing MeSH
• Fatigue MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH