Úvod a cíl: Sarkomy měkkých tkání představují neobvyklý typ malignity v oblasti hlavy a krku. Počet případů je popisován jako nízký. Mnoho autorů popisuje toto maligní onemocnění jako vzácný nádor hlavy a krku u dospělých. Na druhou stranu je sarkom součástí maligních onemocnění se špatnou prognózou v dětském, adolescentním a dospělém věku. Z literárních údajů vyplývá, že počty pacientů se sarkomy nelze přehlížet (27 908 případů za 7 let v Evropě na 500 mil. obyvatel). Sarkomy jsou sice málo častým zhoubným onemocněním, ale nejedná se o vzácné nádory. Proto potřebujeme aktuální poznatky a doporučení pro klinickou praxi v léčbě těchto heterogenních typů zhoubných mezenchymálních nádorů. Metoda: Analyzovali jsme literaturu o sarkomech hlavy a krku s využitím databáze Web of Science. Vyhledali jsme všechny práce popisující všechny typy léčby sarkomů v této oblasti. Tato studie analyzovala diagnostická kritéria sarkomů a léčebné plány sarkomů v oblasti hlavy a krku. Diskuze: Doporučení na základě mnoha faktorů. Sarkomy měkkých tkání v oblasti hlavy a krku jsou vzácné nebo málo časté. Incidence sarkomu měkkých tkání se pohybuje kolem 5 případů na 100 tis. obyvatel ročně. Musíme se zaměřit na nové znaky pro identifikaci rizikových faktorů sarkomu. Zásadní význam má proto patologické vyšetření a rozvoj molekulárních technik. Diagnostika na základě biopsie a histologie, včetně imunohistochemie a detekce specifických nádorových markerů. Doporučené zobrazovací metody: ultrazvuk, CT, HRCT, MR, PET CT. Přesná klasifikace a stratifikace musí být provedena v onkologickém týmu zahrnujícím patologa, onkologa, chirurga, radiologa. V literatuře byla uvedena obecná doporučení pro léčebný protokol a plánování léčby sarkomu hlavy a krku v závislosti na jeho velikosti, lokalizaci a biologickém chování. V literatuře byla popsána analýza údajů o základních léčebných modalitách v onkologické chirurgii, radioterapii a chemoterapii. V současné době nemáme k dispozici údaje o imunoterapii.
Objective: Soft tissue sarcomas represent a unique form of malignancy within the head and neck region, characterized by low incidence. Despite being commonly regarded as rare tumors in adults by numerous authors, sarcomas constitute a subset of malignant diseases associated with poor prognoses across diverse age groups, including children, adolescents, and adults. Recent literature highlights the considerable number of sarcoma cases reported, suggesting that while they may be uncommon, they are not truly rare, with 27,908 cases reported in a seven-year period in Europe among a population of 500 million inhabitants. This emphasizes the importance of recognizing sarcomas as infrequent tumors, rather than being rare. Consequently, it is essential to have up-to-date knowledge and evidence-based recommendations to inform and guide the clinical practice in the management of these heterogeneous types of mesenchymal tumors. Methods: We conducted a literature review about head and neck sarcomas using the Web of Science database. The objective of our review was to identify relevant papers discussing various treatment modalities of sarcomas in the head and neck region. This study analyzed the diagnostic criteria for sarcomas and the therapeutic approach, focusing on the surgical approach for the management of head and neck sarcomas. Discussion: Soft tissue sarcomas of the head and neck are infrequent, with an estimated annual incidence of approximately 5 per 100,000 individuals. Recommendations are based on numerous factors, while directing the attention towards identifying markers implicated as risk factors for sarcomas is crucial. Pathological review coupled with the advancement of molecular techniques is essential for this inquiry. Diagnosis relies heavily on biopsy and histological findings, including immunohistochemistry and the detection of specific tumor markers. Recommended imaging methods include ultrasound, CT, HRCT, MRI, and PET/CT scans. To achieve precise classification and stratification, we must include a multidisciplinary oncological team constructed of pathologists, oncologists, surgeons, and radiologists. Treatment protocol and planning for head and neck sarcomas take into consideration factors such as size, localization, and biological behavior, as described in existing literature. The literature extensively analyzes data connected to fundamental treatment modalities in oncology, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Radical surgery, ensuring R0 margins, is definite in the treatment approach.
- MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative classification methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Disease Management MeSH
- Head and Neck Neoplasms * surgery diagnosis classification MeSH
- Radiotherapy methods MeSH
- Sarcoma * surgery diagnosis classification pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Amputation, Surgical classification MeSH
- Surgical Wound classification MeSH
- Surgical Flaps classification MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative * classification methods MeSH
- Drainage classification methods instrumentation MeSH
- Injections classification instrumentation adverse effects MeSH
- Urinary Catheterization nursing instrumentation MeSH
- Blood Loss, Surgical nursing MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Punctures classification methods instrumentation MeSH
- Suture Techniques classification MeSH
- Transplantation classification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Surgical Instruments classification MeSH
- Surgical Equipment classification MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative * classification MeSH
- Occupational Health MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Operating Rooms MeSH
- Patient Positioning classification MeSH
- Preoperative Care methods MeSH
- Sutures classification MeSH
- Health Personnel classification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Surgical Oncology * classification organization & administration MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative classification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neoplasms surgery classification pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Nasal Surgical Procedures classification MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative * classification MeSH
- Endoscopy classification methods MeSH
- Epistaxis * surgery diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Contraindications, Procedure MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nose surgery diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Nasal Cavity surgery diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative classification adverse effects MeSH
- Enzyme Therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lymphatic Diseases * chemically induced pathology MeSH
- Lymphedema diagnosis pathology therapy MeSH
- Neoplasms complications MeSH
- Postoperative Complications * diagnosis pathology therapy MeSH
- Peptide Hydrolases pharmacology classification therapeutic use MeSH
- Severity of Illness Index MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Medical History Taking MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative classification MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures * classification MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Physical Examination methods MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques classification methods instrumentation MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lipids analysis MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Blood Specimen Collection standards MeSH
- Point-of-Care Testing MeSH
- Surgical Clearance MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Keywords
- ASA klasifikace,
- MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative classification mortality MeSH
- Drug Therapy MeSH
- Geriatrics * methods MeSH
- Pharmaceutical Preparations administration & dosage classification MeSH
- Drug Interactions MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Inappropriate Prescribing MeSH
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions classification MeSH
- Surgical Clearance classification standards MeSH
- Risk MeSH
- Independent Living MeSH
- Aged physiology MeSH
- Potentially Inappropriate Medication List MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Aged physiology MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
