V článku je popsána problematika sideropenické anémie, její příčiny, diferenciální diagnostika, klinické příznaky a léčba. Nespecifické symptomy anémie jsou často v praxi prvním příznakem onemocnění trávicího systému. Stanovení příčiny anémie je zcela zásadní pro správnou terapii. V léčbě s výhodou podáváme železo v tabletách s řízeným uvolňováním, které sníží vliv vysokých koncentrací železa na sliznici střeva. Možnost léčby v ordinaci praktického lékaře je ukázána na kazuistice.
The article deals with sideropenic anaemia, its causes, differential diagnosis, clinical symptoms, and treatment. In the practice, non-specific symptoms of anaemia are often the first sign of gastrointestinal disease. Determining the cause of anaemia is critical for appropriate treatment. Concerning treatment, it is beneficial to administer iron as controlled-release tablets, which reduces the effect of high iron concentrations on the intestinal mucosa. A case report illustrates the options of treatment in a general practitioner's surgery.
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- ferritin metabolismus nedostatek MeSH
- gastrointestinální nemoci MeSH
- hypochromní anemie * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- železo aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Iron is critically important and highly regulated trace metal in the human body. However, in its free ion form, it is known to be cytotoxic; therefore, it is bound to iron storing protein, ferritin. Ferritin is a key regulator of body iron homeostasis able to form various types of minerals depending on the tissue environment. Each mineral, e.g. magnetite, maghemite, goethite, akaganeite or hematite, present in the ferritin core carry different characteristics possibly affecting cells in the tissue. In specific cases, it can lead to disease development. Widely studied connection with neurodegenerative conditions is widely studied, including Alzheimer disease. Although the exact ferritin structure and its distribution throughout a human body are still not fully known, many studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms involved in its regulation and pathogenesis. In this review, we try to summarize the iron uptake into the body. Next, we discuss the known occurrence of ferritin in human tissues. Lastly, we also examine the formation of iron oxides and their involvement in brain functions.
- MeSH
- ferritin metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek metabolismus MeSH
- neurodegenerativní nemoci metabolismus patologie MeSH
- oxidy metabolismus MeSH
- železo metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Metal-based coordination compounds, including the well-known cytostatic drug cisplatin, are widely used in the anticancer therapy. Generally, they exhibit high cytotoxicity not only towards malignant cells, but also towards non-malignant cells, which represents main problem of their clinical use. Herein, we describe the synthesis, characterization and biological testing of three trinuclear nickel(II) coordination compounds. Central nickel atoms are bridged by trithiocyanurate anion and coordinated by triamine and bis-benzimidazoles, respectively. To delineate a potential usage in anticancer therapy, we encapsulated the most cytotoxic complex into biomacromolecular protein cage apoferritin (FRT), forming FRTNi. FRT encapsulation markedly decreased the hemotoxicity of free Ni compounds. Despite FRTNi can be internalized through passive targeting by enhanced permeability and retention effect, we further introduced active targeting utilizing folate receptor (FR) via folic acid (FA)-modified FRT (FRTNiFA). Using breast cancer cell lines T-47D (FR+), MCF-7 (FR-) and non-malignant mammary gland derived cell line HBL-100 (FR-), we show pronounced FR-dependent internalization of FRTNiFA. Overall, we demonstrate that the FRT macromolecular nanocarrier provides a very low off-target toxicity, which could enable the use of highly toxic Ni compounds in cancer nanomedicine.
- MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály farmakologie MeSH
- buněčná smrt účinky léků MeSH
- buněčné klony MeSH
- endocytóza účinky léků MeSH
- ferritin metabolismus MeSH
- komplexní sloučeniny chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- kyselina listová farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ligandy MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nikl farmakologie MeSH
- pohyb buněk účinky léků MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- proteiny vázající železo metabolismus MeSH
- receptory buněčného povrchu metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Iron is very important element for functioning of the brain. Its concentration changes with aging the brain or during disease. The aim of our work was the histological examination of content of ferritin and free iron (unbound) in brain cortex in association with Abeta plaques from their earliest stages of accumulation in amyloid plaque forming APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Light microscopy revealed the onset of plaques formation at 8-monthage. Detectable traces of free iron and no ferritin were found around plaques at this age, while the rate of their accumulation in and around Abeta plaques was elevated at 13 months of age. Ferritin accumulated mainly on the edge of Abeta plaques, while the smaller amount of free iron was observed in the plaque-free tissue, as well as in and around Abeta plaques. We conclude that free iron and ferritin accumulation follows the amyloid plaques formation. Quantification of cortical iron and ferritin content can be an important marker in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Dysregulated iron metabolism has a detrimental effect on cardiac function. The importance of iron homeostasis in cardiac health and disease warrants detailed studies of cardiomyocyte iron uptake, utilization and recycling at the molecular level. In this study, we have performed metabolic labeling of primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with radioactive iron coupled with separation of labeled iron-containing molecules by native electrophoresis followed by detection and quantification of incorporated radioiron by storage phosphorimaging. For the radiolabeling we used a safe and convenient beta emitter 55Fe which enabled sensitive and simultaneous detection and quantitation of iron in cardiomyocyte ferritin, transferrin and the labile iron pool (LIP). The LIP is believed to represent potentially dangerous redox-active iron bound to uncharacterized molecules. Using size-exclusion chromatography spin micro columns, we demonstrate that iron in the LIP is bound to high molecular weight molecule(s) (≥5000 Da) in the neonatal cardiomyocytes.
- MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- chelátory chemie MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
- ferritin chemie metabolismus MeSH
- gelová chromatografie MeSH
- homeostáza MeSH
- kardiomyocyty metabolismus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- radioizotopy železa metabolismus MeSH
- transferin chemie metabolismus MeSH
- železo chemie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The interaction of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) with the iron-storage protein ferritin was studied in vitro. We have shown that Aβ during fibril formation process is able to reduce Fe(III) from the ferritin core (ferrihydrite) to Fe(II). The Aβ-mediated Fe(III) reduction yielded a two-times-higher concentration of free Fe(II) than the spontaneous formation of Fe(II) by the ferritin itself. We suggest that Aβ can also act as a ferritin-specific metallochaperone-like molecule capturing Fe(III) from the ferritin ferrihydrite core. Our observation may partially explain the formation of Fe(II)-containing minerals in human brains suffering by neurodegenerative diseases.
- MeSH
- amyloid chemie MeSH
- amyloidní beta-protein chemie metabolismus MeSH
- ferritin chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- železo metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Ferritins are metalloproteins containing in their reaction center an iron atom, which is bound to various amino acid ligands. The main function of ferritin in human body is a storage of iron. Besides, ferritin fulfills a number of other functions, the mechanisms of which are not yet known. Apart from this, ferritin significantly affects various types of malignant or other diseases. The elucidation of the structure and properties of ferritin helps to understand these functions and effects.
For the ubiquitous diazotrophic rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense, which has been attracting the attention of researchers worldwide for the last 35 years owing to its significant agrobiotechnological and phytostimulating potential, the data on iron acquisition and its chemical speciation in cells are scarce. In this work, for the first time for azospirilla, low-temperature (at 80 K, 5 K, as well as at 2 K without and with an external magnetic field of 5 T) transmission Mössbauer spectroscopic studies were performed for lyophilised biomass of A. brasilense (wild-type strain Sp7 grown with (57)Fe(III) nitrilotriacetate complex as the sole source of iron) to enable quantitative chemical speciation analysis of the intracellular iron. In the Mössbauer spectrum at 80 K, a broadened quadrupole doublet of high-spin iron(III) was observed with a few percent of a high-spin iron(II) contribution. In the spectrum measured at 5 K, a dominant magnetically split component appeared with the parameters typical of ferritin species from other bacteria, together with a quadrupole doublet of a superparamagnetic iron(III) component and a similarly small contribution from the high-spin iron(II) component. The Mössbauer spectra recorded at 2 K (with or without a 5 T external field) confirmed the assignment of ferritin species. About 20% of total Fe in the dry cells of A. brasilense strain Sp7 were present in iron(III) forms superparamagnetic at both 5 and 2 K, i.e. either different from ferritin cores or as ferritin components with very small particle sizes.
- MeSH
- Azospirillum brasilense chemie metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- ferritin chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lyofilizace MeSH
- magnetické jevy MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- spektroskopie Mossbauerova metody MeSH
- železo chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In large regions of the open ocean, iron is a limiting resource for phytoplankton. The reduction of iron quota and the recycling of internal iron pools are among the diverse strategies that phytoplankton have evolved to allow them to grow under chronically low ambient iron levels. Phytoplankton species also have evolved strategies to cope with sporadic iron supply such as long-term storage of iron in ferritin. In the picophytoplanktonic species Ostreococcus we report evidence from observations both in the field and in laboratory cultures that ferritin and the main iron-binding proteins involved in photosynthesis and nitrate assimilation pathways show opposite diurnal expression patterns, with ferritin being maximally expressed during the night. Biochemical and physiological experiments using a ferritin knock-out line subsequently revealed that this protein plays a central role in the diel regulation of iron uptake and recycling and that this regulation of iron homeostasis is essential for cell survival under iron limitation.
- MeSH
- chemická precipitace MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus * účinky léků genetika účinky záření MeSH
- ferritin genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fytoplankton účinky léků genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- homeostáza * účinky léků genetika účinky záření MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- mikrobiální viabilita účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- mořská voda mikrobiologie MeSH
- proteiny vázající železo metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- transkriptom genetika MeSH
- western blotting MeSH
- železo metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Deficit železa je častou komorbiditou u pacientov s chronickým srdcovým zlyhávaním a asociuje so zhoršenou prognózou chorého. Dotýka sa to kvality života chorých a častejších rehospitalizácií. Metabolizmus železa je zložitý a máme dnes aj novšie informácie, hlavne u chorých so srdcovým zlyhávaním. Tieto článok pripomína. Rozoberá aj absolútny a funkčný deficit železa. U srdcového zlyhávania práve deficit železa ovplyvňuje prognózu chorého, a nie tak prítomnosť anémie. Prevalencia anémie u srdcového zlyhávania je asi 30–35 %, vyššia je u osôb s častejšími akútnymi dekompenzáciami ochorenia. Liečba deficitu železa je potrebná a priaznivo zlepšuje prognózu. Najviac skúseností z klinických štúdií je s i.v. podávaním železa (štúdie FERRIC HF, FAIR HF, CONFIRM HF), a menej informácií máme o perorálnom príjme železa. Zatiaľ neboli publikovane veľké a dlhotrvajúce štúdie s podávaním železa, ktoré by analyzovali mortalitu ochorenia. Kľúčové slová: liečebný prístup u deficitu železa – metabolizmus železa u srdcového zlyhávania – prevalencia deficitu železa – srdcové zlyhávanie
Iron deficiency is a frequent comorbidity in a patient with chronic heart failure, and it associates with a worse prognosis of that patient. Mainly worse quality of life and more rehospitalizations are in these iron deficient patients. Iron metabolism is rather complex and there is some new information concerning this complexity in heart failure. We distinquish an absolute and a functional iron deficiency in heart failure. It is this deficit which is important and not as much is anemia important here. Prevalence of anaemia in heart failure is about 30–50 %, higher it is in patients suffering more frequently heart failure decompensations. Treatment of iron deficiency is important and it improves prognosis of these patients. Most experiences there are with i.v. iron treatment (FERRIC HF, FAIR HF and CONFIRM HF studies), less so with per oral treatment. There are no clinical trials which analysed mortality influences. Key words: heart failure – iron metabolism in heart failure – prevalence of iron deficit – treatment of iron deficiency in heart failure
- MeSH
- anemie z nedostatku železa * farmakoterapie krev patofyziologie MeSH
- deficit železa MeSH
- ferritin metabolismus MeSH
- fyzická vytrvalost MeSH
- hepcidiny krev MeSH
- intravenózní infuze MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- srdeční selhání * metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- transferriny metabolismus MeSH
- železité sloučeniny terapeutické užití MeSH
- železo * metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
