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BACKGROUND: Up-to-date estimates of stroke burden and attributable risks and their trends at global, regional, and national levels are essential for evidence-based health care, prevention, and resource allocation planning. We aimed to provide such estimates for the period 1990-2021. METHODS: We estimated incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 people per year for overall stroke, ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We also calculated burden of stroke attributable to 23 risk factors and six risk clusters (air pollution, tobacco smoking, behavioural, dietary, environmental, and metabolic risks) at the global and regional levels (21 GBD regions and Socio-demographic Index [SDI] quintiles), using the standard GBD methodology. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. FINDINGS: In 2021, stroke was the third most common GBD level 3 cause of death (7·3 million [95% UI 6·6-7·8] deaths; 10·7% [9·8-11·3] of all deaths) after ischaemic heart disease and COVID-19, and the fourth most common cause of DALYs (160·5 million [147·8-171·6] DALYs; 5·6% [5·0-6·1] of all DALYs). In 2021, there were 93·8 million (89·0-99·3) prevalent and 11·9 million (10·7-13·2) incident strokes. We found disparities in stroke burden and risk factors by GBD region, country or territory, and SDI, as well as a stagnation in the reduction of incidence from 2015 onwards, and even some increases in the stroke incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY rates in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania, countries with lower SDI, and people younger than 70 years. Globally, ischaemic stroke constituted 65·3% (62·4-67·7), intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 28·8% (28·3-28·8), and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 5·8% (5·7-6·0) of incident strokes. There were substantial increases in DALYs attributable to high BMI (88·2% [53·4-117·7]), high ambient temperature (72·4% [51·1 to 179·5]), high fasting plasma glucose (32·1% [26·7-38·1]), diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages (23·4% [12·7-35·7]), low physical activity (11·3% [1·8-34·9]), high systolic blood pressure (6·7% [2·5-11·6]), lead exposure (6·5% [4·5-11·2]), and diet low in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (5·3% [0·5-10·5]). INTERPRETATION: Stroke burden has increased from 1990 to 2021, and the contribution of several risk factors has also increased. Effective, accessible, and affordable measures to improve stroke surveillance, prevention (with the emphasis on blood pressure, lifestyle, and environmental factors), acute care, and rehabilitation need to be urgently implemented across all countries to reduce stroke burden. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
- MeSH
- celosvětové zdraví * MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda * epidemiologie MeSH
- globální zátěž nemocemi * MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kvalitativně upravené roky života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počet let života s onemocněním MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
elektronický časopis
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- zdravotní výchova
- nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa
- NLK Publikační typ
- elektronické časopisy
Atherosclerosis, ISSN 1567-5688 vol. 4, no. 4, suppl., December 2003
65 s. : il., tab., grafy ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- arginin analogy a deriváty metabolismus MeSH
- arterioskleróza patofyziologie MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- cévní endotel MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- kardiologie
- angiologie
American journal of cardiology, ISSN 0002-9149 vol. 70, no. 19, December 1992
31H s. : il., tab., grafy ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- hypertriglyceridemie MeSH
- koronární nemoc MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- triglyceridy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- kardiologie
- epidemiologie
BACKGROUND: Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. METHODS: We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. RESULTS: Since ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. CONCLUSIONS: HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.
- MeSH
- Asijci MeSH
- běloši MeSH
- cholesterol krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- HDL-cholesterol MeSH
- LDL-cholesterol MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidy krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- surveillance populace metody MeSH
- triglyceridy krev MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Asie MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
- Kanada MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
Obezita je charakterizována jako závažné chronické onemocnění podílející se na vzestupu komorbidit, je samostatným rizikovým faktorem vzniku neinfekčních nemocí hromadného výskytu. Základním podkladem pro úspěšnou terapii je vhodně zvolený diagnostický algoritmus se zaměřením na hodnocení vybraných anamnestických, antropometrických, biochemických a laboratorních vyšetření. Pro klasifikaci tělesné hmotnosti a stanovení velikosti relativního rizika poškození zdraví se používá body mass index (BMI) a stanovení množství tělesného tuku s hodnocením jeho rozložení.
Obesity is characterized as a serious chronic disease participating in increase of other diseases, it is independent risk factor for development of non-infectious diseases with mass incidence. The base for successful therapy is appopriate chosen diagnostic algorithm focusing on assessment of selected anthropometric, biochemical, anamnestic and laboratory examinations. For body weight classification and determination of relative risk to health we use body mass index (BMI) and determination of body fat quantity with assessment of its distribution.
- MeSH
- biochemická analýza krve MeSH
- indukovaný potrat MeSH
- kouření MeSH
- krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- porodní hmotnost MeSH
- samovolný potrat MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- ateroskleróza etiologie patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipoproteiny metabolismus MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- volné radikály MeSH
- železo metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
