Vakcíny jsou stále diskutovanými léčivými přípravky. Prakticky po celém světě se dnes vyskytují skupiny aktivistů i specialistů z různých oborů, kteří zejména kvůli obsahu těžkých kovů a biologických přísad protestují proti očkování. Při současné pandemii Covid-19 jsou do vakcín vkládány i nereálné naděje s možností vývoje bezpečné a účinné vakcíny během několika měsíců. Obě pozice oslabují nepopiratelný pokrok vakcín v prevenci infekčních chorob. Článek stručně zmiňuje základní typy vakcín, jejich složení, technologii výroby a hodnocení. Veřejnost obvykle nemá přístup k odborným databázím a čerpá informace z aktivistických a populárně‑vědeckých zdrojů. Vzhledem k jejich vlivu autor článku předkládá v diskuzi dané informace a odkazuje na odborná pojednání a stanoviska regulačních autorit.
Vaccines are still a discussed pharmaceuticals. Nowadays, there are groups of activists and experts from different fields around the world protesting against vaccination, especially because of the content of heavy metals and biological additives. In the current Covid-19 pandemic, unrealistic hopes are placed on vaccines with the possibility of developing a safe and effective vaccine within a few months. Both positions undermine the undeniable progress of vaccines in the treatment of infectious diseases. The article briefly mentions the basic types of vaccines, their composition, technology, and evaluation. The public usually do not have access to scientific databases and receives information from activists and popular sources. Due to the impact of these sources, the article reflects this information and refers to expert discussions and statements of regulatory authorities.
- MeSH
- Autistic Disorder epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Dietary Exposure standards adverse effects MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Maximum Allowable Concentration MeSH
- Mercury analysis standards adverse effects MeSH
- Thimerosal analysis pharmacology adverse effects MeSH
- Vaccination methods MeSH
- Vaccines chemistry adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Environmental Exposure standards adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Adjuvants, Immunologic * chemistry MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Formaldehyde MeSH
- Preservatives, Pharmaceutical MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Maximum Allowable Concentration MeSH
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MeSH
- Squalene therapeutic use MeSH
- Aluminum Compounds pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Thimerosal pharmacology MeSH
- Vaccination MeSH
- Vaccines chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Compensation and Redress MeSH
- Preservatives, Pharmaceutical adverse effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Vaccination Refusal MeSH
- Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems MeSH
- Thimerosal adverse effects MeSH
- Vaccination adverse effects MeSH
- Vaccines * chemistry classification adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
The use of ethylmercury compounds as a preservative in vaccines and immunopreparations provokes fears of its toxicity. The health hazard associated with ethylmercury compounds is lower than that of methylmercury compounds. The use of thiomersal is gradually minimized and permanently monitored. Currently, alternatives to thiomersal are sought even though some authors reports that it is safe.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Animal Experimentation MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Preservatives, Pharmaceutical * pharmacology adverse effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Mercury Compounds * chemistry classification toxicity MeSH
- Thimerosal * pharmacology adverse effects MeSH
- Vaccination MeSH
- Vaccines * adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- MeSH
- Autistic Disorder * chemically induced MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Enterocolitis chemically induced MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Thimerosal adverse effects MeSH
- Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Vaccines * adverse effects MeSH
- Scientific Misconduct MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
Se zaváděním nových vakcín v dětské a dospělé populaci a rozšiřováním možností očkování přibývá pochybovačů a odpůrců očkování, osob s falešným pocitem, že vakcinace není důležitá a dokonce že očkovací látky jsou pro děti a dospělé nebezpečné. Mezi nejčastější dotazy patří otázky přílišné zátěže nevyzrálého imunitního systému očkovaných, vhodnosti rozložení očkování do více dávek, alternativních očkovacích schémat, nezbytnosti očkování proti mizejícím nemocem, bezpečnosti vakcín, souvislosti očkování a vzniku neurologických či jiných abnormit, obsahu jedovatých látek ve vakcínách apod. Nejčastěji diskutovanou „toxickou“ složkou vakcín je hliník a rtuť. o pakovaně prováděné analýzy dostupných výsledků studií a hodnocení stále poukazují na všeobecnou bezpečnost vakcín a nebyl prokázaný vztah mezi očkováním a závažným zdravotním postižením, jako je např. autismus, diabetes mellitus či exacerbací astma bronchiale nebo Alzheimerovou chorobou. o čkování stále zůstává nejvýznamnějším nástrojem individuální prevence i ochrany veřejného zdraví.
- Keywords
- thiomersal,
- MeSH
- Autistic Disorder chemically induced MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Aluminum adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Immune System drug effects MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Preservatives, Pharmaceutical adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Evidence-Based Medicine MeSH
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MeSH
- Infant, Newborn immunology MeSH
- Persuasive Communication MeSH
- Mercury adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Aluminum Compounds * adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Thimerosal * adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Vaccination adverse effects utilization MeSH
- Vaccines * chemistry immunology adverse effects MeSH
- Public Opinion MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn immunology MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Thiomersal is ethylmercury containing compound. It has been used as a preservative in vaccines since the 1930s because it is very effective in preventing bacterial contamination. Ethylmercury penetrates into growing hair in a similar manner as methylmercury. DESIGN: A total of 48 hair samples were collected from vaccinated dogs. Each sample was accompanied with a questionnaire including data on age, gender, vaccinations. Total mercury content in hair, granules and vaccines was determined by the direct method of cold vapours using an AMA 254 (advance mercury analyser; Altec Ltd., Czech Republic). RESULTS: At first we performed two pre-experiments. In first pre-experiment, the highest value of total mercury content was 0.732 mg.kg-1. The content of total mercury ranged from 0.022 to 0.092 mg.kg-1 in the second pre-experiment. The results were not statistically significant in the pre-experiments. In the main experiment the lowest concentration of total mercury in dog's hair was 0.002 mg.kg-1 and the highest value was 0.560 mg.kg-1. The median value of total mercury ranged from 0.023 to 0.033 mg.kg-1. The results were not statistically significant in the main experiment. Total mercury content in vaccines corresponded with the declared quantity. Rather, results showed mercury content to be correlated with the consumption of feed containing fish. CONCLUSIONS: Thiomersal preservative, contained in vaccine, does not increase content of total mercury in canine hair. Our results have shown that content of mercury in hair depends on fish consumption (fish granules, fish treats and fresh fish).
- MeSH
- Food Contamination MeSH
- Preservatives, Pharmaceutical administration & dosage adverse effects MeSH
- Animal Feed MeSH
- Dogs * MeSH
- Mercury analysis MeSH
- Fishes MeSH
- Thimerosal administration & dosage adverse effects MeSH
- Vaccines administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Hair chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Dogs * MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Autistic Disorder etiology immunology MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Incidence MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Brain anatomy & histology physiology physiopathology MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Thimerosal administration & dosage adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine adverse effects MeSH
- Vaccination methods statistics & numerical data adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
