Endocrine-related cancer, ISSN 1351-0088 vol. 13, suppl. 1, 2006
135 s. : il. ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent MeSH
- Carcinogenicity Tests MeSH
- Transforming Growth Factors genetics MeSH
- Publication type
- Collected Work MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- onkologie
- biologie
- endokrinologie
elektronický časopis
- Conspectus
- Buněčná biologie. Cytologie
- NML Fields
- biologie
- cytologie, klinická cytologie
- NML Publication type
- elektronické časopisy
Similarly to animals, nitrous oxide (NO) has emerged recently as a key signalling molecule in many physiological and pathological processes in plants. This review summarizes the current knowledge and understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NO synthesis and signalling in plant cells.
elektronický časopis
- Conspectus
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NML Fields
- endokrinologie
- biochemie
- farmacie a farmakologie
- NML Publication type
- elektronické časopisy
Endocrine-related cancer, ISSN 1351-0088 vol. 12, suppl. 1, July 2005
199 s. : il. ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- Carcinoma therapy MeSH
- Breast Neoplasms therapy MeSH
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent diagnosis drug therapy MeSH
- Receptors, Growth Factor MeSH
- Publication type
- Congress MeSH
- Collected Work MeSH
- Conspectus
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NML Fields
- gynekologie a porodnictví
- endokrinologie
- onkologie
Autotaxin, also known as ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2, is a secreted glycoprotein that plays multiple roles in human physiology and cancer pathology. This protein, by converting lysophosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid, initiates a complex signalling cascade with significant biological implications. The article outlines the autotaxin gene and protein structure, expression regulation and physiological functions, but focuses mainly on the role of autotaxin in cancer development and progression. Autotaxin and lysophosphatidic acid signalling influence several aspects of cancer, including cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, therapy resistance, and interactions with the immune system. The potential of autotaxin as a diagnostic biomarker and promising drug target is also examined.
- MeSH
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases * genetics chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lysophospholipids metabolism MeSH
- Neoplasms * MeSH
- Signal Transduction MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Cytokinin is a multifaceted plant hormone that plays major roles not only in diverse plant growth and development processes, but also stress responses. We summarize knowledge of the roles of its metabolism, transport, and signalling in responses to changes in levels of both macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur) and micronutrients (boron, iron, silicon, selenium). We comment on cytokinin's effects on plants' xenobiotic resistance, and its interactions with light, temperature, drought, and salinity signals. Further, we have compiled a list of abiotic stress-related genes and demonstrate that their expression patterns overlap with those of cytokinin metabolism and signalling genes.
- MeSH
- Acclimatization MeSH
- Circadian Clocks MeSH
- Cytokinins metabolism MeSH
- Stress, Physiological * MeSH
- Plant Physiological Phenomena * MeSH
- Droughts MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MeSH
- Plants genetics metabolism MeSH
- Salinity MeSH
- Signal Transduction * MeSH
- Light MeSH
- Temperature MeSH
- Plant Development MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the liquid that fills the brain ventricles. CSF represents not only a mechanical brain protection but also a rich source of signalling factors modulating diverse processes during brain development and adulthood. The choroid plexus (CP) is a major source of CSF and as such it has recently emerged as an important mediator of extracellular signalling within the brain. Growing interest in the CP revealed its capacity to release a broad variety of bioactive molecules that, via CSF, regulate processes across the whole central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, CP has been also recognized as a sensor, responding to altered composition of CSF associated with changes in the patterns of CNS activity. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the CP as a signalling centre that mediates long-range communication in the CNS. By providing a detailed account of the CP secretory repertoire, we describe how the CP contributes to the regulation of the extracellular environment-in the context of both the embryonal as well as the adult CNS. We highlight the role of the CP as an important regulator of CNS function that acts via CSF-mediated signalling. Further studies of CP-CSF signalling hold the potential to provide key insights into the biology of the CNS, with implications for better understanding and treatment of neuropathological conditions.
- MeSH
- Biological Transport physiology MeSH
- Blood-Brain Barrier metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Choroid Plexus metabolism MeSH
- Signal Transduction physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
From tumorigenesis to the establishment of local or metastatic high-grade tumours, an integral part of the cellular lifespan relies on various signalling pathways. Particular pathways that allow cells to proliferate by creating a network of new blood vessels have been documented, whereas other pathways are primarily involved with a migration to distant body parts, partially through the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This review will discuss the different signalling pathways, such as TGF-β, Cripto-1, Wnt pathways, Hedgehog, Notch and NF-κB pathways, and how they promote tumour initiation and progression by influencing diverse cellular processes and EMT in general and in benign and malignant prostate tumours. This review will discuss only the critical pathways. Therefore, many other types of signalling pathways which are related to prostate cancer will not be discussed. Possibilities for further investigation will be mentioned, as many underlying mechanisms involved in these pathways have potential as targets in future tumour therapy. This review will also introduce some novel clinical trials relating to the inhibition of signalling pathways and their clinical outcomes.
- MeSH
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Prostatic Neoplasms * pathology metabolism therapy drug therapy MeSH
- NF-kappa B metabolism MeSH
- Hedgehog Proteins metabolism MeSH
- Signal Transduction * physiology MeSH
- Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
