This article summarises the current knowledge of the rabbit coccidia and the disease they cause. Various aspects, such as life cycles, localisation in the host, pathology and pathogenicity, immunity and control, are discussed.
- MeSH
- Eimeria fyziologie klasifikace patogenita MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kokcidióza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Seven- to eight-week-old rabbits were infected with Eimeria intestinalis Cheissin, 1948, a highly immunogenic coccidium, or Eimeria flavescens Marotel et Guilhon, 1941, which is weakly immunogenic. Immune response was investigated at 7, 14 and 21 days post inoculation (DPI). The level of serum immunoglobulins, lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by parasite antigens and weight of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) showed similar dynamics in rabbits inoculated with both coccidia species. The amount of serum IgG and IgM, but not IgA, was increased from 14 DPI. The lymphocytes from MLN of infected animals significantly reacted to stimulation with parasite antigen 14 and 21 DPI and MLN were enlarged at 14 DPI. Thus, both parasite species elicited immune response characterized by these parameters in a similar manner despite of their different immunogenicity. The only apparent difference in the responses was in the percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes in the specific site of parasite development (the last third of the small intestine in E. intestinalis, caecum in E. flavescens), which increased in rabbits infected with E. intestinalis but not with E. flavescens. This parameter reflects the status of local immunity and hence the results suggest that the local reaction plays an important role in induction of protective immunity to coccidia in rabbits.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
- CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty cytologie imunologie MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty cytologie imunologie MeSH
- Eimeria imunologie patogenita MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kokcidióza imunologie MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- mezenterium imunologie MeSH
- protilátky protozoální krev MeSH
- protozoální infekce imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
To study the immune response to coccidiosis, the suckling rabbits were inoculated with 2,000 oocysts of either Eimeria intestinalis or Eimeria flavescens at 19, 22, 25, 29, and 33 days of age (DA) and in the case of E. intestinalis at 14 and 16 DA as well and sacrificed 14 days later. Another group served as an uninfected control and the rabbits were killed at the same age as their infected counterparts. Unlike the antibody response, the parameters reflecting cellular immunity (total number of leukocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes, lymphocyte proliferation upon stimulation with specific antigen and the dynamics of CD4+ and CD8+ cell proportions in the intestinal epithelium at the specific site of parasite development) were significantly changed from about 25 DA onwards. In contrast to the rabbits infected with weakly immunogenic coccidium E. flavescens, the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in intraepithelial lymphocytes from the specific site of parasite development were considerably changed after infection with highly immunogenic species E. intestinalis. As the immune system of sucklings from about 25 DA reacts to the infection, this age may be considered in terms of vaccination against coccidiosis.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
- CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- Eimeria MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kojená zvířata imunologie MeSH
- kokcidióza imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- organismy bez specifických patogenů MeSH
- protilátky protozoální krev MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Naive and immune specific-pathogen-free rabbits were inoculated in the duodenum with sporocysts of Eimeria coecicola or Eimeria intestinalis. Samples were taken from the following tissues: duodenum (site of penetration of sporozoites), ileum (specific target site of the endogenous development of E. intestinalis), vermiform appendix (target site of E. coecicola) and two extraintestinal sites, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and spleen. The presence of sporozoites was checked by immunohistochemistry. In rabbits primary-infected with E. coecicola, large numbers of sporozoites were detected in the duodenum, extraintestinal sites, and vermiform appendix. The abundance of sporozoites in the spleen, MLN, and appendix was significantly reduced in the immune rabbits, and the migration seemed impeded. In the rabbits infected with E. intestinalis, sporozoites were absent in the spleen and MLN, indicating that the route of migration is different from that of E. coecicola. The number of sporozoites in the crypts of the ileum was markedly reduced in the immune animals.
- MeSH
- Eimeria imunologie patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- kokcidióza imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny parazitologie MeSH
- organismy bez specifických patogenů MeSH
- parazitární nemoci střev MeSH
- Peyerovy pláty metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- protilátky protozoální imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- slezina parazitologie MeSH
- sporozoiti imunologie patologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- tenké střevo metabolismus parazitologie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- Eimeria růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- kokcidióza parazitologie MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
