Vysokoškolská učebnica, ktorá sa zameriava lekársku latinskú terminológiu.

• Keywords
• latina,
• MeSH
• Terminology as Topic MeSH

• Conspectus
• Latina
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NML Fields
• lingvistika, lékařská terminologie
• NML Publication type
• učebnice vysokých škol

Příručka, která se zaměřuje na atopickou dermatitidu u kojenců a předškolních dětí. Určeno široké veřejnosti, zejména rodičům.

• MeSH
• Allergens MeSH
• Dermatitis, Atopic * MeSH
• Diet Therapy MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Child Care MeSH
• Food Hypersensitivity MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Check Tag
• Infant MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Publication type
• Popular Work MeSH
• Handbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Pediatrie
• NML Fields
• dermatovenerologie
• pediatrie
• zdravotní výchova

Příručka, která se zaměřuje na léčbu nemocí a bolesti kloubů pomocí tradičních aplských metod. Autor popisuje své zkušenosti. Určeno odborné i široké veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• Arthralgia MeSH
• History, 20th Century MeSH
• History, 21st Century MeSH
• History of Medicine MeSH
• Pain Management MeSH
• Musculoskeletal Manipulations MeSH
• Joint Diseases * MeSH
• Medicine, Traditional MeSH
• Check Tag
• History, 20th Century MeSH
• History, 21st Century MeSH
• Publication type
• Personal Narrative MeSH
• Popular Work MeSH
• Handbook MeSH
• Geographicals
• European Alpine Region MeSH

• Conspectus
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• Biografie
• NML Fields
• ortopedie
• alternativní lékařství

• About
• Karsch, Klaus, 1946- Authority

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with unknown cause. It mainly affects joints and, without proper treatment, negatively impacts their movement, causes painful deformities, and reduces the patients' quality of life. Current treatment options consist of various types of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), however 20-30% of patients are partially resistant to them. Therefore, development of new drugs is necessary. Possible option are compounds exhibiting their action via endocannabinoid system, which plays an important role in pain and inflammation modulation. One such compound - cannabidiol (CBD) has already been shown to attenuate synovitis in animal model of RA in in vivo studies. However, it has low bioavailability due to its low water solubility and lipophilicity. This issue can be addressed by preparation of a lipid containing formulation targeting lymphatic system, another route of absorption in the body. Materials and Methods: CBD-containing emulsion was prepared by high-shear homogenization and its droplet size distribution was analysed by optical microscopy. The relative oral bioavailability compared to oil solution as well as total availability of CBD were assessed in a cross-over study in rats and absorption of CBD via lymphatic system was observed. The effect of CBD on the animal model of RA was determined. Results: Compared to oil solution, the emulsion exhibited higher absolute oral bioavailability. Significant lymphatic transport of CBD was observed in all formulations and the concentrations in lymph were calculated. The therapeutic effect of CBD on RA was confirmed as an improvement in clinical symptoms as well as morphological signs of disease activity were observed during the study. Conclusion: In this work, we prepared a simple stable emulsion formulation, determined the pharmacokinetic parameters of CBD and calculated its absolute bioavailability in rats. Moreover, we successfully tested the pharmaceutical application of such a formulation and demonstrated the positive effect of CBD in an animal model of RA.

• MeSH
• Administration, Oral MeSH
• Pain drug therapy   MeSH
• Emulsions MeSH
• Cannabidiol * pharmacology   chemistry   MeSH
• Cross-Over Studies MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Quality of Life MeSH
• Arthritis, Rheumatoid * drug therapy   MeSH
• Water MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

In contrast to conventional diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multi-b-value diffusion MRI methods are able to separate the signal from free water, pseudo-diffusion, and non-Gaussian components of water molecule diffusion. These approaches can then be utilised in so-called intravoxel incoherent motion imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging. Various parameters provided by these methods can describe additional characteristics of the tissue microstructure and potentially help in the diagnosis and classification of various pathological processes. In this review, we present the basic principles and methods of analysing multi-b-value diffusion imaging data and specifically focus on the known possibilities for its use in the diagnosis of brain lesions. We also suggest possible directions for further research.

• MeSH
• Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging * methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods   MeSH
• Brain diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Nervous System Diseases * MeSH
• Motion MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Water MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Optimal conditioning prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children with non-malignant diseases is subject of ongoing research. This prospective, randomized, phase 2 trial compared safety and efficacy of busulfan with treosulfan based preparative regimens. Children with non-malignant diseases received fludarabine and either intravenous (IV) busulfan (4.8 to 3.2 mg/kg/day) or IV treosulfan (10, 12, or 14 g/m2/day). Thiotepa administration (2 × 5 mg/kg) was at the investigator's discretion. Primary endpoint was freedom from transplantation (treatment)-related mortality (freedom from TRM), defined as death between Days -7 and +100. Overall, 101 patients (busulfan 50, treosulfan 51) with at least 12 months follow-up were analyzed. Freedom from TRM was 90.0% (95% CI: 78.2%, 96.7%) after busulfan and 100.0% (95% CI: 93.0%, 100.0%) after treosulfan. Secondary outcomes (transplantation-related mortality [12.0% versus 3.9%]) and overall survival (88.0% versus 96.1%) favored treosulfan. Graft failure was more common after treosulfan (n = 11), than after busulfan (n = 2) while all patients were rescued by second procedures except one busulfan patient. CTCAE Grade III adverse events were similar in both groups. This study confirmed treosulfan to be an excellent alternative to busulfan and can be safely used for conditioning treatment in children with non-malignant disease.

• MeSH
• Busulfan therapeutic use   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Graft vs Host Disease * etiology   MeSH
• Transplantation Conditioning methods   MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation * methods   MeSH
• Vidarabine therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Clinical Trial, Phase II MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major causes of hospital-acquired infections and sepsis. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, new treatments are needed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have antimicrobial effects, which can be enhanced by preconditioning with antibiotics. This study investigated using antibiotics to strengthen MSCs against MRSA and P. aeruginosa. MSCs were preconditioned with linezolid, vancomycin, meropenem, or cephalosporin. Optimal antibiotic concentrations were determined by assessing MSC survival. Antimicrobial effects were measured by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression. Optimal antibiotic concentrations for preconditioning MSCs without reducing viability were 1 μg/mL for linezolid, meropenem, and cephalosporin and 2 μg/mL for vancomycin. In MIC assays, MSCs preconditioned with linezolid, vancomycin, meropenem, or cephalosporin inhibited MRSA or P. aeruginosa growth at lower concentrations than non-preconditioned MSCs (p ≤ 0.001). In MBC assays, preconditioned MSCs showed enhanced bacterial clearance compared to non-preconditioned MSCs, especially when linezolid and vancomycin were used against MRSA (p ≤ 0.05). Preconditioned MSCs showed increased expression of genes encoding the antimicrobial peptide genes hepcidin and LL-37 compared to non-preconditioned MSCs. The highest hepcidin expression was seen with linezolid and vancomycin preconditioning (p ≤ 0.001). The highest LL-37 expression was with linezolid preconditioning (p ≤ 0.001). MSCs' preconditioning with linezolid, vancomycin, meropenem, or cephalosporin at optimal concentrations enhances their antimicrobial effects against MRSA and P. aeruginosa without compromising viability. This suggests preconditioned MSCs could be an effective adjuvant treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections. The mechanism may involve upregulation of AMP genes.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Antimicrobial Peptides MeSH
• Cephalosporins pharmacology   MeSH
• Hepcidins pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Linezolid pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Meropenem pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus * MeSH
• Mesenchymal Stem Cells * MeSH
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa genetics   MeSH
• Staphylococcal Infections * microbiology   MeSH
• Vancomycin MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Radiation Dosage MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Radiation Protection * standards   MeSH
• Radiation Injuries prevention & control   MeSH
• Radiography standards   MeSH
• X-Rays MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

The Turkevich method was optimized to prepare gold nanoparticles (AuNP) stabilized by polyethyleneglycol (PEG) for μCT. Using various independent modalities, we thoroughly characterized the optimized PEG-AuNPs. Here, we show that PEG-AuNPs are retained in the blood and provide a high contrast in the high-resolution μCT imaging of blood vessels and inner organs. The biodistribution is characterized by prolonged circulation in the blood and accumulation in the liver, spleen and skin. The accumulation of AuNP in the skin resulted in the blue discoloration of eyes and the whole skin. In vitro experiments using a leukemic monocyte THP-1 cell line model expressing high levels of NLRP3 demonstrated that the NLRP3inflammasome was not activated by PEG AuNP. Over 9 months, the mice were scanned by μCT and were in good health. Scans in mice using PEG-stabilized AuNPs in this study were sharper, with a higher contrast, when compared to a commercial contrasting agent at the same dose. The PEG-AuNPs were morphologically and chemically stable for at least two years when stored in the refrigerator.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatments of benign primary bone tumors of the femur face the challenge of limiting tissue damage and contamination while providing sufficient stabilization to avoid fracture. While no clear treatment guidelines exist, surgical treatment commonly consists of femoral fenestration and curettage with optional filling and plating of the defect. Mono- or bicortical plating of distal femoral defects aim to reduce fracture risk and have been shown to increase axial stability. However, it remains unclear whether plating increases torsional stability of the affected femur. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: This biomechanical study aimed to determine how much additional stability can be achieved by mono- or bicortical plating of femoral defects after fenestration. The following hypotheses were investigated: 1. Preventive plating of distal femur bone defects enhances torsional stability when compared to femoral fenestration alone. 2. A condition close to the intact (nonpathological) bone can be achieved by bone plating. 3. Defect shape influences torsional stability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thiel embalmed human femora (n = 24) were left intact or subjected to the following surgical treatments (A) defect creation via fenestration, (B) defect with short monocortical plating, (C) defect with long bicortical plating. All femora were torsion tested in midstance position using pre-cycling and testing until failure. Quantitative computed tomography pre and post testing allowed bone mineral density calculation and crack path analysis. Finite element analysis provided insight into defect shape variations. RESULTS: Torsion experiments showed no relevant enhancement of torsional stability due to mono- or bicortical plating. There were no significant differences in maximum torque between unplated and plated femora with defect (defect: 35.38 ± 7.53 Nm, monocortical plating: 37.77 ± 9.82 Nm, bicortical plating: 50.27 ± 9.72 Nm, p > 0.05). Maximum torque for all treatment groups was significantly lower compared to intact femora (155-200 Nm, p < 0.001). Cracks originated predominantly from the proximal posterior corner of the defect and intersected with screw holes in plated femora. The influence of variations of the defect corner shapes had no significant influence on maximum torque and angle. CONCLUSION: This biomechanical study shows that mono- or bicortical plating is not an effective preventive treatment against torsional failure of femora with distal defects as the resulting maximum torque was drastically reduced compared to intact femora. Thus, the initial hypotheses have to be rejected. As habitual loading of the femur includes a combination of axial and torsional loading, the observed lack of prevention against torsional failure might help to explain the occurrence of fractures despite plating. Future research towards ameliorating clinical outcome should address the role of defect filling with bone cement or bone grafts regarding the improvement of torsional stability after primary bone tumor treatment in the femur.

• MeSH
• Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
• Femur * surgery   MeSH
• Bone Plates * MeSH
• Curettage MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mechanical Tests MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Torsion, Mechanical MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH