1st ed. 456 s.
In Thüringen und angrenzenden Gebieten ist seit dem letzten Pleniglazial eine dynamische Entwicklung der menschlichen Besiedlung zu verfolgen. Im Vergleich zu den umliegenden Gebieten in der nördlichen Mittelgebirgszone ist eine früh einsetzende Wiederbesiedlung und ein im Magdalénien sehr dichtes Fundstellennetz festzustellen. Die während des Höchststandes der Weichselvereisung menschenleere Region am nördlichen Rand der mitteleuropäischen Gebirge wird aus den südöstlichen und südwestlichen Refugien wieder besiedelt. Die Station Gera-Zoitzberg als bisher nördlichster Vertreter des Grubgrabien bezeugt die Einbeziehung Thüringens in diese frühe Phase der Wiederbesiedlung vor 19.000 cal BC. Einige Zeit später datiert die nahe gelegene Station Gera- Schafgraben. Das Inventar lässt sich mit solchen des Badegoulien, frühen Magdalénien und Kašovien vergleichen, aber nicht gleichsetzen, und wird hier als Magdalénien s.l. angesprochen. Ob durch die Menschengruppe, die mit der Station Gera-Schafgraben gefasst wird, eine dauernde Nutzung und Besiedlung des Gebietes eingeleitet wird, oder Thüringen wieder zeitweise besiedlungsfrei bleibt, ist bisher unklar. Spätestens mit dem frühen mitteleuropäischen Magdalénien des 14. Jahrtausends cal BC setzt die über das ganze Spätglazial andauernde Besiedlung ein. Es kam im Laufe der Magdalénien-Entwicklung offensichtlich zu einer durch die anwachsende Fundstellenanzahl widergespiegelten höheren Besiedlungsdichte, deren Grundlage der für die aneignend wirtschaftenden Wildbeuter hervorragend geeignete Naturraum war. Innerhalb der "Thüringischen Magdalénienprovinz" führt eine Differenzierung zu mehreren teils vermutlich partiell gleichzeitigen Gruppen und Inventartypen. Fernverbindungen sind in das nordmitteleuropäische Tiefland, nach Westen über das Rheinland bis in das Pariser Becken, nach Südwesten und nach Südosten über Böhmen bis nach Mähren zu rekonstruieren. Der Übergang vom späten Jungpaläolithikum (Magdalénien) zum Spätpaläolithikum (Rückenspitzengruppen) erfolgte kontinuierlich und schnell als Anpassung der Bevölkerung an veränderte Umweltbedingungen.
In Thuringia and adjacent areas, the settlement development was dynamic since the last Pleniglacial. In the northern of Central Europe is observed an early onset of repopulation and a very dense network of Magdalenian sites compared to the surrounding areas. The region on the northern edge of the Central European highlands, which remained uninhabitated during the Last Glacial Maximum was populated again from the southeastern and southwestern refugia. The site of Gera-Zoitzberg as northernmost locality with Grubgrabien shows that Thuringia was included in this early phase of the re-colonization before 19,000 cal BC. Sometime younger in the dating is the nearby site Gera-Schafgraben. The inventory can be compared with those of the Badegoulian, early Magdalenian and Kašovian, but do not identify them, and is addressed here as Magdalenian s.l. Whether a permanent use and habitation of the region is initiated by the people, who has stayed here, or Thuringia is uninhabited again after, is still unclear. At least with the early Central European Magdalenian of the 14th millennium cal BC begins the colonization that continues throughout the Late Glacial. Obviously, over the Magdalenian period increased the population density, which is reflected by an increasing number of sites. The basis of which was the outstanding natural environment excellently suitable for hunter-gatherers. Within the "Thuringian Magdalenian province" because of differentiation to form several simultaneous groups and inventory types. Long distance connections are to be reconstructed in the northern Central European lowland, west to the Rhineland and in the Paris Basin, southwest and southeast through Bohemia to Moravia. The transition from the late Upper Palaeolithic (Magdalenian) to the Late Palaeolithic (Azilian) was a continous but rapid process as adaptation of the people to changing environmental conditions.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Escherichia coli immunology MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Intestines microbiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Chlorhexidine MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Dental Caries Susceptibility MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans MeSH
- Dental Caries prevention & control MeSH
- Tooth, Deciduous MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Největším problémem životnosti hlasových protéz je bakteriální a zejména mykotické osídlení jejich povrchu, jehož následkem je porucha těsnosti uzavíracího ventilu protézy, s násled- ným zatékáním tekutin a potravy do dýchacích cest. Cílem práce bylo pokusit se zabránit osídlování povrchu silikonu a tím prodloužit životnost protéz. Byly testovány dva typy silikonu (Silastic Q7-4550-50 ShA a Q7-4765-65) ve 4, 8 a 12týdenní expozici. Ani jeden z těchto materiálů nebyl in vitro plísní napadán. Byla provedena mikroskopie napadených protéz po různé době expozice in vivo. Silikon implantované protézy byl osídlen četnými mikroorganismy, především plísněmi. Výsledky potvrzují hloubkovou degradaci silikonové pryže lokalizovanou do ostrůvků.
The greatest problem of the service life of vocal prostheses is bacterial and in particular mycotic colonization of their surface which causes impaired tightness of the closing valve of the prosthesis with subsequent leakage of fluids and food into the airways. The objective of the present work was to prevent colonization of the silicone surface and to prolong thus the service life of the prosthesis. Two types of silicone were tested (Silastic Q7-4550-50 ShA and Q7-4765-65) during 4, 8 and 12-week exposure. Neither of these materials was attacked by mycotic agents in vitro. The infested prostheses were examined under the microscope after varying intervals in vivo. The silicone of the implanted prosthesis was colonized by numerous microorganisms, in particular moulds. The results confirm the depth degradation of silicone rubber located in islets.
The Campylobacter jejuni-host interaction may be affected by the host's gut microbiota through competitive exclusion, metabolites, or modification of the immune response. To understand this interaction, C. jejuni colonization and local immune responses were compared in chickens with different gut microbiota compositions. Birds were treated with an antibiotic cocktail (AT) (experiments 1 and 2) or raised under germfree (GF) conditions (experiment 3). At 18 days posthatch (dph), they were orally inoculated either with 104 CFU of C. jejuni or with diluent. Cecal as well as systemic C. jejuni colonization, T- and B-cell numbers in the gut, and gut-associated tissue were compared between the different groups. Significantly higher numbers of CFU of C. jejuni were detected in the cecal contents of AT and GF birds, with higher colonization rates in spleen, liver, and ileum, than in birds with a conventional gut microbiota (P < 0.05). Significant upregulation of T and B lymphocyte numbers was detected in cecum, cecal tonsils, and bursa of Fabricius of AT or GF birds after C. jejuni inoculation compared to the respective controls (P < 0.05). This difference was less clear in birds with a conventional gut microbiota. Histopathological gut lesions were observed only in C. jejuni-inoculated AT and GF birds but not in microbiota-colonized C. jejuni-inoculated hatchmates. These results demonstrate that the gut microbiota may contribute to the control of C. jejuni colonization and prevent lesion development. Further studies are needed to identify key players of the gut microbiota and the mechanisms behind their protective role.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology MeSH
- B-Lymphocytes immunology microbiology MeSH
- Bursa of Fabricius drug effects immunology microbiology MeSH
- Campylobacter jejuni drug effects immunology pathogenicity MeSH
- Cecum drug effects immunology microbiology MeSH
- Germ-Free Life immunology MeSH
- Ileum drug effects immunology microbiology MeSH
- Host-Pathogen Interactions immunology MeSH
- Liver drug effects immunology microbiology MeSH
- Campylobacter Infections immunology microbiology veterinary MeSH
- Chickens MeSH
- Microbial Interactions immunology MeSH
- Poultry Diseases immunology microbiology MeSH
- Colony Count, Microbial MeSH
- Spleen drug effects immunology microbiology MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome immunology MeSH
- T-Lymphocytes immunology microbiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The mycobiome is the fungal component of the human microbial ecosystem that represents only a small part of this environment but plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis. Colonization by fungi begins immediately after birth. The initial mycobiome is influenced by the gestational age of a newborn, birth weight, delivery method and feeding method. During a human's life, the composition of the mycobiome is further influenced by a large number of endogenous and exogenous factors. The most important factors are diet, body weight, age, sex and antibiotic and antifungal therapy. The human mycobiome inhabits the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urogenital tract and skin. Its composition can influence the gut-brain axis through immune and non-immune mediated crosstalk systems. It also interacts with other commensals of the ecosystem through synergistic and antagonistic relationships. Moreover, colonization of the gut by opportunistic fungal pathogens in immunocompromised individuals can lead to clinically relevant disease states. Thus, the mycobiome represents an essential part of the microbiome associated with a variety of physiological and pathological processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the composition of the mycobiome in specific sites of the human body and its role in health and disease.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
