Tailocins are nano-scale phage tail-like protein complexes that can mediate antagonistic interactions between closely related bacterial species. While the capacity to produce R-type tailocin was found widely across Gammaproteobacteria, the production of F-type tailocins seems comparatively rare. In this study, we examined the freshwater isolate, Pragia fontium 24613, which can produce both R- and F-type tailocins. We investigated their inhibition spectrum, focusing on clinically relevant enterobacteria, and identified the associated tailocin gene cluster. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that inactivation of the tape measure protein within the tailocin cluster disrupted R-tailocin production. Comparative analysis of Budviciaceae gene clusters showed high conservation of R-type tailocin genes, whereas F-type tailocin genes were found in only a few species, with little conservation. Our findings indicate a high prevalence of bacteriocin production among underexplored Enterobacteriales species. Detected tailocins showed potential as antimicrobials targeting clinically significant pathogens.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriociny * genetika   MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae genetika   metabolismus   klasifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• multigenová rodina * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This article examines the potential of virtual reality (VR) as an educational tool for enhancing social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By synthesizing findings from a comprehensive review of recent studies, it highlights the effectiveness of immersive VR environments in reducing anxiety, improving communication, and fostering meaningful social interactions. The analysis includes a comparison of various approaches, such as the use of collaborative virtual environments, social stories, and avatar-based simulations, to identify best practices in leveraging VR for social skills development. Despite its promising benefits, the article addresses key limitations, including the need for repeated training, high implementation costs, and the lack of longitudinal studies. Recommendations are provided for future research and practical applications, emphasizing the role of VR as a bridge between theoretical insights and real-world practice in supporting individuals with ASD.

This conceptual study introduces the "virtual waiting room," an innovative, interactive, web-based platform designed to enhance the waiting experience in oncology by providing personalized, educational, and supportive content. Central to our study is the implementation of the circular entry model, which allows for non-linear navigation of health information, empowering patients to access content based on their immediate needs and interests. This approach respects the individual journeys of patients, acknowledging the diverse pathways through which they seek understanding and manage their health. The virtual waiting room is designed not only to support patients but also to facilitate stronger communication and shared understanding between patients, caregivers, and families. By providing a shared digital space, the platform enables caregivers and family members to access the same information and resources, thereby promoting transparency and collective knowledge. This shared access is crucial in managing the emotional complexities of oncology care, where effective communication can significantly impact treatment outcomes and patient well-being. Furthermore, the study explores how the circular entry model within the virtual waiting room can enhance patient autonomy and engagement by offering customized interactions based on user feedback and preferences. This personalized approach aims to reduce anxiety, improve health literacy, and prepare patients more effectively for clinical interactions. By transforming passive waiting into active engagement, the virtual waiting room turns waiting time into a meaningful, informative period that supports both the psychological and informational needs of patients and their support networks.

• MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lékařská onkologie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• vyprávění MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma MeSH
• zdravotní gramotnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a key pollinator critical to global agriculture, facing threats from various stressors, including the ectoparasitic Varroa mite (Varroa destructor). Previous studies have identified shared bacteria between Varroa mites and honeybees, yet it remains unclear if these bacteria assemble similarly in both species. This study builds on existing knowledge by investigating co-occurrence patterns in the microbiomes of both Varroa mites and honeybees, shedding light on potential interactions. Leveraging 16S rRNA datasets, we conducted co-occurrence network analyses, explored Core Association Networks (CAN) and assess network robustness. Comparative network analyses revealed structural differences between honeybee and mite microbiomes, along with shared core features and microbial motifs. The mite network exhibited lower robustness, suggesting less resistance to taxa extension compared to honeybees. Furthermore, analyses of predicted functional profiling and taxa contribution revealed that common central pathways in the metabolic networks have different taxa contributing to Varroa mites and honeybee microbiomes. The results show that while both microbial systems exhibit functional redundancy, in which different taxa contribute to the functional stability and resilience of the ecosystem, there is evidence for niche specialization resulting in unique contributions to specific pathways in each part of this host-parasite system. The specificity of taxa contribution to key pathways offers targeted approaches to Varroa microbiome management and preserving honeybee microbiome. Our findings provide valuable insights into microbial interactions, aiding farmers and beekeepers in maintaining healthy and resilient bee colonies amid increasing Varroa mite infestations.

• MeSH
• Bacteria * klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• Varroidae * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• včely mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mezinárodní vzdělávací program Erasmus+ nabízí studentům jedinečnou příležitost prohloubit své odborné dovednosti a zároveň poznat odlišné kultury. Tento článek reflektuje zkušenosti studentek Střední zdravotnické školy Hradec Králové, které se v únoru 2025 zúčastnily dvoutýdenní stáže ve vesnici Delpitiya na Srí Lance. Text se zaměřuje na kulturní, náboženské, gastronomické a vzdělávací aspekty tohoto pobytu, přičemž analyzuje specifika místního prostředí a jeho vliv na osobní a profesní rozvoj účastnic. Článek zkoumá náboženskou rozmanitost Srí Lanky, upozorňuje na charakteristiku místní kuchyně, zkoumá postupy předškolního vzdělávání a popisuje volnočasové aktivity, které obohatily interkulturní kompetence studentů. Prostřednictvím přímé interakce s místní komunitou si studenti zvýšili svou adaptabilitu, empatii a rozšířili své perspektivy, což dokazuje hodnotu programů mezinárodní mobility pro budoucí zdravotnické pracovníky.

The international Erasmus+ educational program offers students a unique opportunity to deepen their professional skills while experiencing different cultures. This article reflects the experiences of students from the Secondary Medical School of Hradec Králové, who participated in a two-week internship in the village of Delpitiya, Sri Lanka, in February 2025. It focuses on cultural, religious, gastronomic, and educational aspects of their stay, analyzing the specifics of the local environment and its impact on their personal and professional growth. The article explores the religious diversity of Sri Lanka, highlights the characteristics of local cuisine, examines preschool education practices, and describes leisure activities that enriched the students’ intercultural competencies. Through direct interaction with the local community, students enhanced their adaptability, empathy, and broadened their perspectives, demonstrating the value of international mobility programs for future healthcare professionals.

Úvod a cíle: V rámci odborné přípravy mladých chirurgů je v České republice absolvování miniinvazivních laparoskopických simulačních kurzů dobrovolné. Cílem této práce je vyhodnotit 10leté pořádání simulačního laparoskopického miniinvazivního kurzu na boxových simulátorech a simulátorech virtuální reality z pohledu jeho absolventů a přiblížit současné využití simulace v erudici chirurgů. Typ studie: Observační, dotazníková (survey). Metodika: Z 26 kurzů, které probíhaly v letech 2014–2024, byla získána data pomocí anonymního dotazníku. Vyhodnocení proběhlo metodou deskriptivní statistiky. Zpracovávaly se odpovědi týkající se očekávání od kurzu, míry jejich naplnění, případného doporučení kurzu a finančních nákladů. Výsledky: Celkově se kurzů zúčastnilo 96 lékařů, z toho 55 mužů a 41 žen. Dotazníky vyplnili všichni. V 89 případech (92,7 %) účastníci očekávali naučení správné techniky, tipů a triků při laparoskopických operacích, ve 42 případech (43,8 %) očekávali zrychlení operačního času a ve 37 případech (38,5 %) uvedli prohloubení anatomických a teoretických znalostí. Kurz zcela naplnil očekávání u 92 % případů, u 6 % je naplnil s drobnými výhradami a u 2 % částečně. Kurz by povinně doporučilo 97 % účastníků, zatímco 3 % by jeho absolvování ponechala na uvážení jednotlivce. Celkem 28 (29,2 %) účastníků si kurz hradilo z vlastních prostředků, 5 (5,2 %) částečně a 63 (65,6 %) jej mělo hrazeno zaměstnavatelem. Závěr: Absolventi doporučují zařazení laparoskopického simulačního kurzu do povinného vzdělávacího kurikula chirurgie. Přibližně jedna třetina z nich projevila ochotu si nepovinné vzdělání sama uhradit. Přestože simulátory a simulace v chirurgii tvoří významný tréninkový nástroj, nelze jimi plně nahradit roli mentora – zkušeného atestovaného kolegy/ů.

Introduction and aims: The training of young surgeons in the Czech Republic includes the completion of mini-invasive, laparoscopic simulation courses on a voluntary basis. The aim of this study is to show how simulation is used now to train surgeons and to look back at 10 years of running a simulation, laparoscopic, mini-invasive course from the graduates’ points of view using box and virtual reality simulators. Type of study: Observational, survey. Methods: Data were collected from 26 courses (2014–2024) by an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by all graduates (100%). Their evaluation was done by the descriptive statistics method. Questions were asked about expectations and fulfilment of the expectations from the course with its possible recommendation and financial cost. Results: A total of 96 doctors, 55 men and 41 women, participated in the courses. The questionnaires were completed by all participants. In 89 cases (92.7%), the candidates wanted to learn the correct technique, tips, and tricks in laparoscopic surgery; in 42 cases (43.8%), they expected an increase in the operative time; and in 37 cases (38.5%), a deepening of anatomical and theoretical knowledge was mentioned. The course completely fulfilled the expectations in 92% of the cases, in 6.0% of the cases, it fulfilled them with minor reservations and in 2.0% it fulfilled them partially. Ninety seven percent of participants would recommend the course as compulsory; 3% would leave its recommendation to the discretion of the graduate. Twenty-eight participants (29.2%) fully paid for the course; 5 (5.2%) participants partially paid; and 63 (65.6%) participants received payment from their employer. Conclusion: The participants recommended the simulation course for compulsory inclusion in the surgical education curriculum, and about one-third of them also expressed willingness to pay for the optional education. Although simulators and simulations in surgery represent an important training potential, the subsequent role of mentor in the form of certified, experienced colleague(s) cannot be replaced by them.

• MeSH
• kontinuální vzdělávání lékařů MeSH
• laparoskopie * výchova   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• tréninková simulace * MeSH
• virtuální realita MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

• MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• péče o kojence MeSH
• poporodní období MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rooming-in MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma MeSH
• vztahy mezi matkou a dítětem MeSH
• zdravotní sestry MeSH
• Check Tag
• novorozenec MeSH

• Konspekt
• Pediatrie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné práce

Spontánne rozprávanie predstavuje základnú formu komunikácie v rámci každodenných interakcií. U pacientov s afáziou dochádza k oslabeniu rôznych aspektov spontánnej produkcie, pričom miera narušenia koreluje so závažnosťou afázie - od ľahkej cez stredne ťažkú až po ťažkú formu. Doposiaľ však chýbajú detailné poznatky o tom, v ktorých konkrétnych oblastiach spontánnej reči sa tieto rozdiely najviac prejavujú v závislosti od stupňa afázie. Cieľom štúdie je preto komplexne zhodnotiť spontánnu produkciu u pacientov s afáziou a interpretovať zistené rozdiely so zreteľom na závažnosť afázie. Spontánna produkcia je analyzovaná prostredníctvom metodiky Analýzy spontánnej reči (ASpoR), rozšírenej o hodnotenie koherencie a informatívnosti, čím sa dosiahlo komplexnejšie posúdenie schopností pacientov. Výskumnú vzorku tvorí 40 osôb s afáziou, rozdelených na pacientov s ľahkým a stredne ťažkým stupňom afázie. Podľa výsledkov existujú signifikantné rozdiely medzi týmito skupinami v parametroch produktivity (počet správne vyjadrených elementárnych textových jednotiek), chybovosti (celkový počet fonologických chýb a chýb v gramatickej zhode), koherencie (globálnej aj lokálnej) a informatívnosti (počet hlavných konceptov a index jadrového lexikónu). Na základe získaných poznatkov možno konštatovať, že komplexné hodnotenie spontánnej reči predstavuje spoľahlivý indikátor závažnosti afázie, najmä v kontexte vybraných parametrov analýzy

Spontaneous language production represents a fundamental form of communication in everyday interactions. In patients with aphasia, various aspects of spontaneous production are weakened, with the degree of impairment correlating with the severity of aphasia - ranging from mild to moderate to severe forms. However, there is still a lack of detailed knowledge regarding which specific areas of spontaneous speech are most affected depending on the degree of aphasia. The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate spontaneous production in patients with aphasia and to interpret the observed differences with respect to the severity of aphasia. Spontaneous production is analysed using the methodology of Spontaneous Speech Analysis (ASpoR), expanded with an assessment of coherence and informativeness, achieving a more comprehensive evaluation of the patient's abilities. The research sample consists of 40 individuals with aphasia, divided into two groups of mild and moderate aphasia. According to the results, significant differences exist between these groups in terms of productivity (the number of correctly expressed elementary text units), error rate (total number of phonological errors and grammatical agreement errors), coherence (both global and local), and informativeness (the number of main concepts and the core lexicon index). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that a comprehensive evaluation of spontaneous speech serves as a reliable indicator of aphasia severity,

• MeSH
• afázie * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• komunikační poruchy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření tvorby řeči metody   MeSH
• poruchy řeči MeSH
• srozumitelnost řeči MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Across the tree of life, DNA damage response (DDR) proteins play a pivotal, yet dichotomous role in organismal development and evolution. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of 432 DDR proteins encoded by 68 genomes, including that of Nucleospora cyclopteri, an intranuclear microsporidia sequenced in this study. We compared the DDR proteins encoded by these genomes to those of humans to uncover the DNA repair-ome across phylogenetically distant eukaryotes. We also performed further analyses to understand if organismal complexity and lifestyle play a role in the evolution of DDR protein length and conserved domain architecture. We observed that the genomes of extreme parasites such as Paramicrocytos, Giardia, Spironucleus, and certain microsporidian lineages encode the smallest eukaryotic repertoire of DDR proteins and that pathways involved in modulation of nucleotide pools and nucleotide excision repair are the most preserved DDR pathways in the eukaryotic genomes analysed here. We found that DDR and DNA repair proteins are consistently longer than housekeeping and metabolic proteins. This is likely due to the higher number of physical protein-protein interactions which DDR proteins are involved. We find that although DNA repair proteins are generally longer than housekeeping proteins, their functional domains occupy a relatively smaller footprint. Notably, this pattern holds true across diverse organisms and shows no dependence on either lifestyle or mitochondrial status. Finally, we observed that unicellular organisms harbour proteins that are tenfold longer than their human homologues, with the extra amino acids forming interdomain regions with a clearly novel albeit undetermined function.

• MeSH
• Eukaryota * genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Microsporidia genetika   MeSH
• molekulární evoluce * MeSH
• oprava DNA * MeSH
• poškození DNA * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Studies of correlates of active transport to and from school (ATS) focus mainly on children, have a limited conceptualisation of ATS trips, lack heterogeneity in built environments, and rarely consider effect modifiers. This study aimed to estimate associations of parent-perceived neighbourhood environment characteristics with self-reported ATS among adolescents from 14 countries, and whether associations differ by sex, city/region, and distance to school. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional design. Data were from the International Physical activity and Environment Network (IPEN) Adolescent study and included 6302 adolescents (mean age 14.5 ± 1.7 years, 54% girls) and a caretaker from 16 diverse sites. Adolescents self-reported usual travel to and from school by walking and bicycling (days/week) and time it would take to walk. Parents completed the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (13 scores computed). Generalised additive mixed models estimated associations of parent neighbourhood perceptions with 1) any active transport to/from school, 2) regular walking (5-10 times/week), 3) regular cycling to/from school, and 4) profiles of ATS generated using latent profile analyses. Interactions were also explored. RESULTS: Overall, 58.7% reported any ATS, 39.9% regularly walked, 7.7% regularly cycled, and four profiles of ATS were identified: walk to and from school; walk from school; cycle to and from school; no ATS. Distance to school was negatively associated with all outcomes, though evidence was weak for regular cycling to/from school. Land use mix - diversity was positively related to all ATS outcomes except those related to cycling. Accessibility and walking facilities were associated with higher odds of any ATS, regular walking to/from school, and the profile walking to and from school. Residential density was negatively related to regular cycling to/from school. Positive associations were observed between traffic safety and any ATS, and between safety from crime, aesthetics, and odds of regular cycling to/from school. Distance to school, adolescent sex, and city moderated several associations. CONCLUSIONS: Parent perceptions of compact, mixed-use development, walking facilities, and both traffic and crime-related safety were important supportive correlates of a range of ATS outcomes among adolescents in high- and low-middle-income countries. Policies that achieve these attributes should be prioritised to support more widespread ATS.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení * MeSH
• charakteristiky okolí bydliště * MeSH
• chůze * MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• cyklistika MeSH
• doprava * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• percepce MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rodiče * psychologie   MeSH
• školy * MeSH
• vytvořené prostředí MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH