Comparative effectiveness
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
Cíl: Seznámit s pojmem evidence based medicine (EBM), vysvětlit princip cost-effectiveness analýzy (cena–užitek) a ukázat její využití pro porovnání efektivity různých lékařských výkonů. Metodika: Formou několika příkladů je v tomto sdělení vysvětlen význam a výpočet důležitých parametrů cost-effectiveness analýzy (CE) jako je utility value (UV), quality adjusted life years (QALY). Dále byl proveden výpočet UV a QALY pro operaci katarakty včetně jejich komplikací. Výsledky: K vysoce efektivním výkonům podle této metody patří laserfotokoagulace a kryokoagulace počínajících stadiích retinopatie nedonošených, léčba tupozrakosti, operace katarakty jednoho i obou očí, z vitreoretinálních výkonů pak časná vitrektomie u hemoftalmu při proliferativní diabetické retinopatii či mřížková laserkoagulace při diabetickém makulárním edému či zhoršení vizu v důsledku okluze větve centrální vény. Naopak k výkonům s nízkou cost-efektivitou patří terapie okluze centrální arterie paracentézou přední komory a terapií pomocí CO2 či fotodynamická terapie u choroidální neovaskularizace při věkem podmíněné makulární degeneraci s vizem lepšího oka 20/200. Závěr: Cost-effectiveness analýza je nová, perspektivní metoda, která se zabývá hodnocením úspěšnosti lékařského výkonu porovnáním konečného efektu s ohledem na finanční náklady. Při určování efektivity jednotlivých výkonů vychází ve svém hodnocení ze tří hlavních aspektů: subjektivního vnímání vlivu nemoci na kvalitu života pacienta, objektivního výsledku klinického vyšetření a finanční náročnosti výkonu. Podle této metody patří operace katarakty spolu s výkony v pediatrické oftalmologii k nejvíce efektivním intervenčním metodám.
Goal: To make the reader familiar with the term evidence based medicine (EBM), to explain the principle of cost-effectiveness analysis (price-profit), and to show its usefulness to compare the effectiveness of different medical procedures. Method: Based on few examples, in this article the relevance and calculation of important parameters of cost-effectiveness analysis (CE), as utility value (UV), quality adjusted life years (QALY) is explained. In addition, calculation of UV and QALY for the cataract surgery, including its complications, is provided. Results: According to this method, laser photocoagulation and cryocoagulation of the early stages of retinopathy of prematurity, treatment of amblyopia, cataract surgery of one or both eyes, from the vitreoretinal procedures the early vitrectomy in cases of hemophtalmus in proliferative diabetic retinopathy or grid laser photocoagulation in diabetic macular edemaor worsening of the visual acuity due to the branch retinal vein occlusion belong to highly effective procedures. On the other hand, to the procedures with low cost effectiveness belongs the treating of the central retinal artery occlusion with anterior chamber paracentesis, as well as with CO2 inhalation, or photodynamic therapy in choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with visual acuity of the better eye 20/200. Conclusion: Cost-effectiveness analysis is a new perspective method evaluating successfulness of medical procedure comparing the final effect with the financial costs. In evaluation of effectiveness of individual procedures, three main aspects are considered: subjective feeling of influence of the disease on the patient’s life, objective results of clinical examination and financial costs of the procedure. According to this method, the cataract surgery, as well as procedures in the pediatric ophthalmology belong to the most effective surgical methods.
... COHEN -- General considerations of mutagenesis -- Cytological changes -- LSD effects -- Human “centric ... ... genetic errors -- Abortion studies in man -- Polyploidy -- Recognized abortions in man, trisomies -- Effects ... ... infertility 147 -- Abnormalities in gametes 149 -- Embryonic mortality and lethal genes 149 -- Maternal effects ... ... animals 437 -- Chimerism 438 -- Possible causative factors of aneuploidy 439 -- Voucher Specimens in Comparative ...
473 s. : il.
BACKGROUND: In the absence of evidence from randomised controlled trials, observational data can be used to emulate clinical trials and guide clinical decisions. Observational studies are, however, susceptible to confounding and bias. Among the used techniques to reduce indication bias are propensity score matching and marginal structural models. OBJECTIVE: To use the comparative effectiveness of fingolimod vs natalizumab to compare the results obtained with propensity score matching and marginal structural models. METHODS: Patients with clinically isolated syndrome or relapsing remitting MS who were treated with either fingolimod or natalizumab were identified in the MSBase registry. Patients were propensity score matched, and inverse probability of treatment weighted at six monthly intervals, using the following variables: age, sex, disability, MS duration, MS course, prior relapses, and prior therapies. Studied outcomes were cumulative hazard of relapse, disability accumulation, and disability improvement. RESULTS: 4608 patients (1659 natalizumab, 2949 fingolimod) fulfilled inclusion criteria, and were propensity score matched or repeatedly reweighed with marginal structural models. Natalizumab treatment was associated with a lower probability of relapse (PS matching: HR 0.67 [95% CI 0.62-0.80]; marginal structural model: 0.71 [0.62-0.80]), and higher probability of disability improvement (PS matching: 1.21 [1.02 -1.43]; marginal structural model 1.43 1.19 -1.72]). There was no evidence of a difference in the magnitude of effect between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: The relative effectiveness of two therapies can be efficiently compared by either marginal structural models or propensity score matching when applied in clearly defined clinical contexts and in sufficiently powered cohorts.
- MeSH
- fingolimod hydrochlorid terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunologické faktory terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- natalizumab terapeutické užití MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- tendenční skóre MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
svazky : ilustrace, portréty (některé barevné) ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- medicína založená na důkazech MeSH
- srovnávací výzkum účinnosti * MeSH
- výzkum zdravotnických služeb MeSH
- Publikační typ
- periodika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- věda a výzkum
- MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypoxie terapie MeSH
- kyslík terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- obstrukční plicní nemoci terapie MeSH
- plicní hypertenze farmakoterapie MeSH
- pyridiny MeSH
- receptory neurotransmiterů antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- vazodilatancia MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
AIM: To evaluate the real-world comparative effectiveness and the cost-effectiveness, from a UK National Health Service perspective, of natalizumab versus fingolimod in patients with rapidly evolving severe relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RES-RRMS). METHODS: Real-world data from the MSBase Registry were obtained for patients with RES-RRMS who were previously either naive to disease-modifying therapies or had been treated with interferon-based therapies, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, or teriflunomide (collectively known as BRACETD). Matched cohorts were selected by 3-way multinomial propensity score matching, and the annualized relapse rate (ARR) and 6-month-confirmed disability worsening (CDW6M) and improvement (CDI6M) were compared between treatment groups. Comparative effectiveness results were used in a cost-effectiveness model comparing natalizumab and fingolimod, using an established Markov structure over a lifetime horizon with health states based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Additional model data sources included the UK MS Survey 2015, published literature, and publicly available sources. RESULTS: In the comparative effectiveness analysis, we found a significantly lower ARR for patients starting natalizumab compared with fingolimod (rate ratio [RR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57-0.73) or BRACETD (RR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.42-0.53). Similarly, CDI6M was higher for patients starting natalizumab compared with fingolimod (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.55) and BRACETD (HR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16-1.85). In patients starting fingolimod, we found a lower ARR (RR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.65-0.80) compared with starting BRACETD, but no difference in CDI6M (HR = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.91-1.50). Differences in CDW6M were not found between the treatment groups. In the base-case cost-effectiveness analysis, natalizumab dominated fingolimod (0.302 higher quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs] and £17,141 lower predicted lifetime costs). Similar cost-effectiveness results were observed across sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This MSBase Registry analysis suggests that natalizumab improves clinical outcomes when compared with fingolimod, which translates to higher QALYs and lower costs in UK patients with RES-RRMS.
- MeSH
- analýza nákladové efektivity MeSH
- analýza nákladů a výnosů MeSH
- fingolimod hydrochlorid terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- natalizumab terapeutické užití MeSH
- relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- státní lékařství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené království MeSH
BACKGROUND: Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who experience relapses on a first-line therapy (interferon, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, or teriflunomide; collectively, "BRACETD") often switch to another therapy, including natalizumab or fingolimod. Here we compare the effectiveness of switching from a first-line therapy to natalizumab or fingolimod after ≥1 relapse. METHODS: Data collected prospectively in the MSBase Registry, a global, longitudinal, observational registry, were extracted on February 6, 2018. Included patients were adults with RRMS with ≥1 relapse on BRACETD therapy in the year before switching to natalizumab or fingolimod. Included patients received natalizumab or fingolimod for ≥3 months after the switch. RESULTS: Following 1:1 propensity score matching, 1000 natalizumab patients were matched to 1000 fingolimod patients. Mean (standard deviation) follow-up time was 3.02 (2.06) years after switching to natalizumab and 2.58 (1.64) years after switching to fingolimod. Natalizumab recipients had significantly lower annualized relapse rate (relative risk=0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.74), lower risk of first relapse (hazard ratio [HR]=0.69; 95% CI, 0.60-0.80), and higher confirmed disability improvement (HR=1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.57) than fingolimod recipients. No difference in confirmed disability worsening was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with RRMS switching from BRACETD demonstrated better outcomes with natalizumab than with fingolimod.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fingolimod hydrochlorid MeSH
- imunologické faktory MeSH
- imunosupresiva MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- natalizumab MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * MeSH
- srovnávací výzkum účinnosti MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- acne vulgaris farmakoterapie MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- erysipel farmakoterapie MeSH
- erythromycin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- infekční nemoci kůže farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tolerance léku MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, ISSN 0091-6749 vol. 112, no. 5, suppl., November 2003
3A, S101-S115 s. : grafy ; 30 cm