Several studies have demonstrated the positive effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on employee well-being, mental health, and resilience. The objective of this observational study was to explore the mutual relationships among the dimensions of self-compassion and particular characteristics of work-related well-being: work engagement, workaholism (excessive and compulsive work), and job boredom in a population of early career workers. In this quantitative cross-sectional study, 286 master's students with proper working experience were examined; results from 244 respondents were suitable for further data analysis. The Self-compassion Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Dutch Work Addiction Scale, and Dutch Boredom Scale were administered. Spearman's rank correlation analysis found a positive relationship between work engagement and excessive work and a negative relationship between work engagement and job boredom. Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between compulsive work and negative subscales of the Self-compassion Scale. Structural equation modeling indicated that workaholism was a mediator between the negative scales of self-compassion and work engagement with job boredom. In conclusion, the negative aspects of self-compassion (isolation, self-judgment, and over-identification) are related to the symptoms of workaholism in young workers. Self-compassion-based interventions could help prevent the negative effects of compulsive and excessive work. Possible age-related explanations for the positive relationship between work engagement and workaholism (i.e., excessive work) are discussed. Future longitudinal research could identify the dynamics of the connection between self-compassion and work-related well-being from a long-term perspective.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Early life socioeconomic disadvantage and adverse experiences may lead to overeating, which is in turn associated with increased body mass index (BMI). However, recent evidence indicated that the association between childhood BMI and overeating might be bidirectional. This bidirectionality prompts the need for further investigation of early life predictors of BMI in childhood. OBJECTIVES: To longitudinally assess the directionality of the association between childhood BMI and perceived overeating and to investigate their antecedent early life predictors. METHODS: The sample included data from 5151 children from the ELSPAC study, collected between 18 months and 11 years of child age. The outcomes were child BMI and mother-reported overeating, assessed at the age of 3, 5, 7 and 11 years. Predictors included maternal BMI, maternal education, single parenthood, financial difficulties and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) reported by parents and paediatricians. The random intercept cross-lagged panel model was applied. RESULTS: The mean child's BMI at age 3 was 15.59 kg/m2 and increased to 17.86 kg/m2 at age 11. The percentage of parent-reported overeating increased in the following period, from about 12% at age 3 to 17% at age 11. The results showed temporal stability in perceived overeating and BMI, with a bidirectional relationship strengthening over time. The child's BMI was associated with maternal BMI. Maternal BMI was positively associated with child-perceived overeating, but a stronger effect was found for ACEs. ACEs mediated the impact of maternal education, financial difficulties and single parenthood on overeating. CONCLUSIONS: We observed stable bidirectional associations between BMI and perceived overeating. The results indicated two main pathways: one linked to maternal BMI and early childhood BMI increase followed by perceived overeating and the second associated with ACEs mediating the effect of early childhood social factors on perceived overeating, leading to gradual BMI gain.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hyperfagie * psychologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• matky psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• nepříznivé zkušenosti z dětství * statistika a číselné údaje   psychologie   MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cíl: Úraz elektrickým proudem z vysokého napětí je jedním z nejzávažnějších úrazů, se kterými se můžeme v moderní medicíně setkat. Často bývá spojený s více následky a vysokou náchylností k infekčním komplikacím. Tito pacienti jsou přijímáni do specializovaných popáleninových center a vyžadují rozsáhlou multidisciplinární spolupráci. V této studii se snažíme odhalit prevalenci, typy a charakteristiky mikrobiálních infekcí, které se vyvíjejí po vysokonapěťovém elektrotraumatu, a identifikovat rizikové faktory, které mohou přispívat k náchylnosti pacientů k infekcím. Materiál a metodika: Pro účely této publikace byla zpracována data všech 37 pacientů hospitalizovaných na jednotce intenzivní péče Kliniky popálenin a plastické chirurgie FN Brno s diagnózou úraz elektrickým proudem vysokým napětím v letech 2006–2016. Otisky a stěry z exfoliovaných oblastí byly opakovaně odebírány k mikrobiální analýze spolu s tracheobronchiálním aspirátem, sputem nebo bronchoalveolární laváží, močí a periferní krví. Získaná data byla zpětně analyzována. Výsledky: Mezi 37 pacienty byl medián věku 31,9 s průměrnou dobou hospitalizace 44,3 dne a úmrtností 8,1 %. Na umělé plicní ventilaci bylo závislých celkem 28 osob. Výskyt infekčních komplikací se v průběhu hospitalizace liší podle místa kultivace odběru a doby strávené v nemocnici. U 97,3 % pacientů se vyvinula infekce alespoň v jednom tělesném kompartmentu. V 88,8 % případů byla multipatogenní a ve 41,6 % se rozvinul septický stav. V naší studijní kohortě dominovaly G+ nad G-kmeny. Nejčastějšími zástupci z G+ spektra byli koaguláza negativní stafylokoky (97 %), Staphylococcus aureus (57 %), Enterococcus fecalis et faecium (51 %). V G-spektru bylo pořadí následující: Klebsiella pneumoniae (46 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (41 %), Escherichia coli (35 %) a Acinetobacter baumannii (18,9 %). Nejčastější pozorovanou infekcí byla infekce popálenin (BWI), následovaná infekcemi krevního řečiště (BSI), infekcemi dolních cest dýchacích (LRTI) a infekcemi močových cest (UTI), primárně způsobené G+ patogeny. Je pozoruhodné, že delší doba hospitalizace byla spojena s rostoucí prevalencí G-patogenů, zejména K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa a A. baumannii, které vykazovaly vysoký stupeň antimikrobiální rezistence. Závěr: Tato studie poskytuje podrobný pohled na výskyt a následky úrazů elektrickým proudem s vysokým napětím na Moravě v průběhu desetiletí. Faktory významně ovlivňující přežití a závažnost výsledků zahrnovaly celkovou plochu popálenin, popáleniny v celé tloušťce, inhalační poranění a potřebu tracheostomie. Studie je však limitována relativně malou velikostí vzorku, dlouhou dobou sběru dat s potenciálními změnami v klinické praxi a jednocentrovým designem, což může ovlivnit zobecnění nálezů. K ověření těchto výsledků a zpřesnění strategií prevence infekcí u této populace pacientů jsou zapotřebí další multicentrické studie.

Background and Aim: High voltage electrotrauma is one of the most serious injuries we can encounter in modern medicine, often associated with multiple disabilities and high susceptibility to infectious complications. These patients are admitted to specialized burn centers and require extensive multidisciplinary collaboration. In this study, we aim to uncover the prevalence, types and characteristics of microbial infections that develop in the aftermath of high voltage electrotrauma and to identify risk factors that may contribute to patients’ susceptibility to infections. Material and Methods: For the purposes of this publication, data of all 37 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit of the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the University Hospital in Brno with a diagnosis of high-voltage electrical injury between 2006–2016 were processed. Imprints and swaps from exfoliated areas were repeatedly taken for microbial analysis, together with tracheobronchial aspirate fluid, sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage, urine and peripheral blood. The obtained data were analysed retrospectively. Results: Among the 37 patients, the median age was 31.9, with an average hospital stay of 44.3 days and a mortality rate of 8.1%. A total of 28 individuals were dependent on artificial lung ventilation. The incidence of infectious complications varies during the hospitalization period according to the location of sampling cultivation and time spent at the hospital. 97.3% of patients developed infection in at least one body compartment. In 88.8% of cases, it was multipathogenic and in 41.6% a septic condition developed. In our study cohort, G+ dominated over Gstrains. Most common representatives from G+ spectrum were Coagulase negative Staphylococci (97%), Staphylococcus aureus (57%), Enterococcus fecalis et faecium (51%). In Gspectrum, the order was as followed: Klebsiella pneumoniae (46%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (41%), Escherichia coli (35%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (18.9%). The most common infection observed was burn wound infection (BWI), followed by bloodstream infections (BSI), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and urinary tract infections (UTI), primarily caused by G+ pathogens. Notably, an increased hospital stay duration was associated with a rising prevalence of Gpathogens, particularly K. pneumoniae P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii which exhibited a high degree of antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion: This study provides a detailed insight into the occurrence and consequences of high-voltage electrical injuries in Moravia over a decade. Factors significantly impacting survival and severity of outcomes included total burn surface area, full-thickness burns, inhalation injury, and the need for tracheostomy. However, the study is limited by its relatively small sample size, long data collection period with potential changes in clinical practice, and single-center design, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. Further multicentric studies are needed to validate these results and refine infection prevention strategies in this patient population.

• MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí MeSH
• infekce v ráně * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče MeSH
• Klebsiella pneumoniae patogenita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiologické techniky metody   MeSH
• popálení elektrickým proudem * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• popálení * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa patogenita   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus patogenita   MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Conflict deeply affects human experiences, frequently testing individual resilience to its breaking point and leaving enduring psychological and societal wounds. The current conflict in Ukraine, initiated by Russia's invasion in 2022, illustrates this phenomenon by altering regional relationships and triggering a major humanitarian crisis marked by extensive displacement, loss of life, and emotional turmoil. This study explores the factors influencing hope and distress in Ukraine alongside six nearby European countries during the ongoing conflict. A cross-sectional survey collected data primarily via internet panel samples from the Czech Republic, Georgia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine in the second year since the war's initiation. The current study utilised validated instruments, collecting data on levels of hope, distress, individual resilience, community resilience, societal resilience, morale, sense of danger, perceived security threats, and demographic characteristics. Hope and distress levels differ across countries, with Ukraine exhibiting the highest levels of both (3.74 ± 1.02 and 2.89 ± 0.87, respectively). Overall, average scores of hope were higher than average distress levels. Across the regression models for the seven countries, hope showed strong associations with individual (between β = 0.089 and β = 0.327) and societal resilience (between β = 0.206 and β = 0.514), while morale (between β = -0.104 and β = -0.479) and individual resilience (between β = -0.077 and β = -0.335) displayed a protective relationship against distress (all β values were significant, p < 0.01). Monitoring hope and distress is crucial during the Russian-Ukrainian war and other adversities, as these factors give insight into the current and future psychological states of affected populations. The results offer valuable information that can guide the development of tailored strategies to enhance hope and buffer distress in war-impacted countries, as well as those experiencing its broader effects. Fostering individual and societal resilience, alongside enhancing morale, may strengthen hope and mitigate distress amid adversity. Developing targeted interventions that address each population's unique needs, as well as their sociocultural and geopolitical contexts can enhance efficacy.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• naděje * MeSH
• ozbrojené konflikty * psychologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• psychická odolnost * MeSH
• psychický distres * MeSH
• psychický stres * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Rusko MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH

BACKGROUND: The role of primary healthcare (PHC) during a pandemic varies across European countries. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered the working practices of family medicine doctors and impacted the resilience of healthcare systems. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine European healthcare system responses to the pandemic, focusing on rural and urban differences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional, mixed-methods study used a semi-structured online questionnaire with 68 questions, including 21 free-text comments. Data were collected from May 2020 to January 2021. Key informants from 16 European Rural and Isolated Practitioners Association (EURIPA) member countries distributed questionnaires to 406 PHC doctors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests (χ2, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U) with a significance threshold of 0.05. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found between rural (36.4%, 55/151), semirural (19.4%, 24/124) and urban populations (29.8%, 39/131) regarding medicine shortages (χ2 = 9.91, degrees of freedom (df) = 4, p = 0.042). The semirural setting showed a statistically significant difference from the other settings (p = 0.004 in post hoc χ2 test). Significant differences were found between countries in resilience features including, effectiveness of triage, adapting to the rapidly changing requirements, government help, existence of a community resilience group, improved interprofessional collaboration, medicine shortage, and general practitioners (GPs) involvement in palliative care. CONCLUSIONS: Medicine shortage was more prevalent in rural and urban areas compared to semirural areas. Differences were observed between countries in their responses to the pandemic, particularly in adapting to the rapidly changing requirements, effectiveness of triage, government help, and the existence of a community resilience group. These differences were confirmed with qualitative analysis. The results emphasize the need for tailored approaches considering diverse contexts in shaping effective healthcare system resilience.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• primární zdravotní péče * organizace a řízení   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Background: Individuals with intellectual disabilities experience inequalities in healthcare. Aim: In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to analyse the perceived professional competencies of nursing students from two countries: the Czech Republic and Poland in relation to providing medical care for patients with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Two closed self-report questionnaires were used to examine the relationships between students' competency, their attitudes toward keeping a social distance from individuals with intellectual disabilities in healthcare, and their participation in training related to this issue. The sample consisted of 208 nursing students from two countries: the Czech Republic and Poland. Results: Relationships were observed between students' self-assessed competencies and their social distance. Additionally, training in the field of care and treatment of individuals with intellectual disabilities played a differing role. Conclusion: The findings highlight the complexity of developing nursing competencies in providing medical care for patients with intellectual disabilities. They suggest the need for tailored, context-sensitive training programs, ongoing research to uncover additional influencing factors, and a supportive educational environment that encourages honest dialogue and self-assessment.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mentální retardace ošetřování   terapie   MeSH
• odborná způsobilost MeSH
• osoby s mentálním postižením * MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• psychologický odstup MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• studenti ošetřovatelství * psychologie   MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Polsko MeSH

BACKGROUND: Ice hockey players experience groin pain and imbalances in the muscles of the hip joint, possibly because of the condition of the intercartilage space (ICS). PURPOSE: To describe the lateral differences in size of the articular ICS, range of motion, and adductor/abductor muscle strength between elite and subelite ice hockey players and a control group of participants who did not play ice hockey. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: 33 elite hockey players, 26 subelite hockey players, and 30 non-ice hockey player controls were compared in terms of ICS thickness, isometric hip abductor muscle strength, hip range of motion, functional test results, and pain score. Two-way analysis of variance was used to identify differences in laterality and performance levels. RESULTS: The ICS of the hip joint was smaller (P < .001) in both groups of ice hockey players than in the control group (0.97 ± 0.11 mm) and smaller (P = .005) on the backhand side (elite 0.66 ± 0.24 mm; subelite 0.65 ± 0.15 mm) than on the forehand side (elite 0.78 ± 0.18 mm; subelite 0.74 ± 0.24 mm) in both groups of hockey players. Compared with the control (41.6°± 4°) and subelite groups, the elite group had less (P < .001) hip external rotation (elite 30.4°± 6.1°; subelite 35°± 6.5°) and internal rotation (elite 31.5°± 5.1°; subelite 35.1°± 6.5°), with no differences in laterality (P > .05). Both hockey groups had positive hip pain provocation tests and greater (P < .001) hip adduction (elite 457 ± 85 N; subelite 450 ± 82 N) and abduction (elite 429 ± 60 N; subelite 422 ± 63 N) muscle strength than the controls (adduction 347 ± 70 N; abduction 346 ± 75 N). Elite players had a greater (P = .008) adductor strength ratio on the backhand side (1.16 ± 19) than the control group (1.02 ± 0.15). CONCLUSION: Ice hockey players had a smaller ICS of the hip joint, particularly on the backhand side. These structural changes were accompanied by reduced range of motion in the hip joint, increased pain, and asymmetries in muscle strength. Hip range of motion and symmetry of adductor/abductor muscle strength should be considered when diagnosing ice hockey players. ICS assessment via sonography might become a useful tool for the evaluation of structural changes in the hip. Research on ice hockey-related injuries should focus more on the structural and functional condition of the backhand side of the hip.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Medical students experience worse psychological well-being than the general population. Social determinants of health (SDOH) relate to conditions in which people live, work, and age and significantly influence mental health. This study examines the association between depressive symptoms and SDOH in medical students from four countries: Czechia, Iran, Kenya, and Venezuela. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in the spring of 2022. The questionnaire focused on depressive symptoms (using a validated psychiatric scale DASS-21 to assess mental health) and various SDOHs. RESULTS: A total of 2,033 medical students participated in the survey, with a median age of 23.0 years; 64.8% were females; 60.8% of respondents had some degree of depressive symptoms (mild-to-moderate 32.5%, severe-to-extremely severe 28.3%). Several SDOHs, such as low engagement in social life, low personal funds, and low social class, were strongly associated with severe-to-extremely severe depressive symptoms (p < 0.001), and the associations differed among countries. The prevalence of severe-to-extremely severe depressive symptoms varied significantly across the four countries, with Iran having the highest prevalence (OR = 2.1 compared to Czechia), followed by Czechia (OR = 1, reference value), Kenya (OR = 0.9), and Venezuela (OR = 0.6). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the high prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students from four global regions and the significant association with specific SDOH. Notably, the variation in prevalence across countries and differential relationships with SDOH underscore the importance of considering transcultural factors in research and management to improve mental health among medical students.

• MeSH
• deprese * epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální determinanty zdraví * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• studenti lékařství * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Írán MeSH
• Keňa MeSH
• Venezuela MeSH

Příspěvek představuje souhrn užitečných tipů pro praxi při poskytování kulturně citlivé péče rodinám dětských pacientů s paliativními potřebami. Přehled poznatků byl vytvořen na základě zkušeností a znalostí získaných z mezinárodní stáže a rešerše odborné literatury. Pro přehlednost byl soubor tipů pro praxi uspořádán do akronymu RESPEKT, který sám o sobě představuje základní rámec a nejdůležitější princip práce s rodinami z různých kulturních prostředí. Písmena akronymu představují oblasti: Reflexe, Emoce, Spiritualita, Překlad, Edukace, Komunita a Tým, které jsou podrobně představeny v textu.

The paper presents a set of recommendations for providing culturally sensitive care to families of pediatric patients with palliative care needs. Recommendations were created based on experience and knowledge gained from an international internship and literature data. For clarity, the recommendations were organized into the acronym RESPECT, which itself represents a basic framework and the most important principle of working with families from different cultural backgrounds. The letters of the acronym represent the areas of Reflection, Emotion, Spirituality, Paraphrase, Education, Community and Team, which are further explained in our article.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• kulturně kompetentní péče MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• paliativní péče * MeSH
• vztahy mezi zdravotnickým pracovníkem a pacientem MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH

BACKGROUND: The complexity of difficulties and limitations associated with intellectual disabilities entails the need for accessing support in healthcare services by competent physicians. The way medical education is structured in different countries may influence how well medical students are prepared to address the needs of patients with intellectual disabilities. METHODS: Three self-constructed scales were used to compare the self-assessed competencies of undergraduate medical students from Poland, Serbia, and the Czech Republic working with individuals with intellectual disabilities and to understand the significance of selected variables differentiating these competencies across countries. RESULTS: A total of 357 medical students from the three countries constituted the study sample. The students generally acknowledged the necessity of preventing discriminatory practices in healthcare and recognized the importance of special protection for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Differences were observed in their social distance and self-assessed competencies in working with these patients. Additionally, sociodemographic factors and prior experience played differing roles. CONCLUSIONS: The education of future doctors should include the opportunity to develop knowledge and skills to work with patients with disabilities.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• klinické kompetence * normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mentální retardace * MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• studenti lékařství * psychologie   MeSH
• studium lékařství pregraduální * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Polsko MeSH
• Srbsko MeSH