This study was planned to investigate an alternative treatment modality in diabetic wound healing. In this experimental study, the efficacy of both cold atmospheric plasma/nitric oxide (NO) and NPH insulin ointment, recently known to have beneficial effects on wound healing, was investigated in diabetic wound healing. Twenty-four (24) diabetic rats were divided into four groups DC, DI, DNO and DINO (diabetic control, diabetic insulin, diabetic nitric oxide, diabetic insulin + nitric oxide groups). No treatment was applied to the DC group, NPH insulin was applied to the DI group, CAP/NO was applied to the DNO group, and CAP/NO + NPH insulin was applied to the DINO group once daily for 14 days. The wound area reduction and the wound contraction rate were calculated on the basis of the tissue sections taken, and histopathological and genetic analyses were carried out. Compared to the control group, exogenous NO gas was found to be a potent antibacterial agent in the diabetic wound healing, causing a reduction in the wound area (P = 0.034), an increased contraction rate (P = 0.021), epithelialisation (P = 0.02), collagen organisation (P = 0.006) and a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells (P = 0.002). A significant increase in the expression of IL-8 mRNA was observed (P = 0.026). It was concluded that NPH insulin alone contributes to wound healing, but it is not necessary to use it together with exogenous NO gas.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at evaluating the serum redox status in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accompanied with an imbalance in iron concentrations. METHODS: Diabetic patients were grouped according to serum iron levels [normal (DNFe), low (DLFe), and high (DHFe)], and their clinical and redox parameters [total sulfhydryl groups (tSH), uric acid (UA), and total bilirubin (tBILI) as non-enzymatic antioxidants, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation products of proteins (AOPP) as markers of oxidative stress] were determined. RESULTS: Glucose and HbA1c levels in the T2DM patients did not differ in function of serum iron. T2DM was associated with reduced tSH levels. In the diabetic patients, tSH, UA, and tBILI negatively correlated with MDA, as well as HbA1c with UA. Accordingly, AOPP and MDA were higher in the diabetic groups compared to the controls. The reduced antioxidant capacity was particularly pronounced in the DLFe group, which was further characterized by lower levels of UA and tBILI compared to the other groups. Subsequently, the level of MDA in the DLFe group was higher compared to the DNFe and DHFe groups. The positive correlation between serum iron levels and the antioxidants UA and tBILI, in conjunction with the negative correlation between serum iron levels and the markers of oxidative stress in the diabetic patients, corroborated the indication that comparatively higher level of oxidative stress is present when T2DM coexists with decreased iron levels. CONCLUSIONS: T2DM-associated redox imbalance is characterized by a decrease in serum total sulfhydryl groups and low serum iron-associated reduction in uric acid and total bilirubin levels, accompanied by increased oxidative stress markers. The relatively noninvasive and simple determination of these parameters may be of considerable interest in monitoring the pathophysiological processes in T2DM patients, and may provide useful insights into the effects of potential therapeutic or nutritional interventions.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia * metabolismus   MeSH
• bilirubin metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * komplikace   MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin MeSH
• kyselina močová MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• produkty pokročilé oxidace proteinů metabolismus   MeSH
• thyreotropin metabolismus   MeSH
• železo MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ontamalimab, a fully-human monoclonal antibody targeting MAdCAM-1, induced remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis [UC] in the TURANDOT study. We aimed to assess long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of ontamalimab in TURANDOT II. METHODS: TURANDOT II was a phase 2, multicentre, open-label [OL] study in patients with moderate-to-severe UC who completed TURANDOT on placebo or ontamalimab (NCT01771809). Patients were randomised to 75 mg or 225 mg ontamalimab every 4 weeks for 72 weeks [OL1]. The dosage could be increased to 225 mg from Week 8 at the investigator's discretion. All patients then received 75 mg every 4 weeks for 72 weeks [OL2], followed by 6-month safety follow-up. The primary objective was safety, measured by adverse events [AEs], serious AEs [SAEs], and AEs leading to withdrawal. Mucosal healing [MH; centrally read endoscopy] was assessed. RESULTS: Of 330 patients, 180 completed OL1; 94 escalated to 225 mg; 127 completed OL2. Overall, 36.1% experienced drug-related AEs. The most common SAE [10.0%] was worsening/ongoing UC; 5.5% of patients had serious infections, the most common being gastroenteritis [0.9%]. One death and four cancers [all unrelated to ontamalimab] occurred. No PML [progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]/lymphoproliferative disorders occurred. Geometric mean high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP] and faecal calprotectin decreased across OL1 in both dose groups. The proportion of patients assigned to placebo in TURANDOT achieving MH increased from 8.8% [6/68] at baseline to 35.3% at Week 16 [24/68; non-responder imputation]. The corresponding increase in the ontamalimab group was from 23.3% [61/262] to 26.7% [70/262]. CONCLUSIONS: Ontamalimab was well tolerated up to 144 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe UC, with good safety and efficacy.

• MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gastrointestinální endoskopie metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• gastrointestinální látky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• imunologická odpověď na dávku MeSH
• leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• monitorování léčiv * metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• mukoproteiny antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• ulcerózní kolitida * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Cíle. Cílem práce bylo zjistit psychometrické vlastnosti české verze Dotazníku obecné self--efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale – GSES) u populace hospitalizovaných pacientů.Vzorek a metodika. Sledovaný soubor činil 386 respondentů hospitalizovaných ve Fakultní ne-mocnici Hradec Králové. Byla použita česká verze dotazníku General Self-Efficacy Scale.Statistická analýza. Veškeré analýzy byly pro-vedeny v prostředí R. Faktorová struktura byla ověřována s využitím teorie odpovědi na polož-ku (Item Response Theory), a to pomocí dvou-parametrového Graded Response Modelu. Tento byl použit i pro ověření invariance měření mezi muži a ženami. Pro hodnocení vztahu obecné self-efficacy s demografickými proměnnými byla použita lineární regrese a t-testy. Percen-tilové normy byly sestrojeny pomocí vyhlazené kumulativní distribuční funkce pro muže a ženy zvláště.Výsledky. Celkový skór škály se pohyboval v rozmezí 15–40 bodů s průměrem M = 30,86 (SD = 6,05). Psychometrické vlastnosti české verze dotazníku GSES jsou dobré, vnitřní kon-zistence je vysoká (Cronbachovo α = 0,924; ωt = 0,938). Struktura dotazníku je spíše dvou-dimenzionální, korelace obou faktorů je však velmi vysoká. Je tedy smysluplné pracovat s je-diným celkovým skórem dotazníku. Ze všech sledovaných proměnných pouze pohlaví mělo statisticky významný vliv na vnímanou self--efficacy (SE), škála byla pro obě pohlaví in-variantní. Rozdíly mezi klinikami byly velmi malé, pouze respondenti z psychiatrické kliniky dosahovali statisticky významně nižšího skóru oproti respondentům z ostatních klinik.Limity studie. Limity studie vyplývají z jejího průřezového charakteru a skutečnosti, že výběr respondentů nebyl reprezentativní. Data jsou založena na subjektivních výpovědích; jedná se o respondenty hospitalizované s různými zdra-votními potížemi.

Objectives. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Czech version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) in the group of hospitalized patients. Sample and setting. The sample contained 386 respondents hospitalized in the Faculty hospital Hradec Kralove. The Czech version of GSES was used. Statistical analysis. All the analyses were performed in the R environment. Factor structure was tested using Item Response Theory (IRT), namely two‑parameters Graded Response model. This model was used also for testing measurement invariance for men and women. We used t‑tests and linear model to test relation between GSES and demographical variables. Percentile norms were constructed using kernel smoothed cumulative distribution for men and women separately. Results. The score of the scale ranged from 15 to 40 points with an average of M = 30,86 (SD = 6,05). Our results suggest that the Czech version of the GSES has satisfactory psychometric properties, the internal consistency is on high level (Cronbach α = 0,924; ωt = 0,938). Even though the analysis of the structure of the questionnaire showed to be slightly twodimensional, the correlation of the two factors is quite high. This implies the potential of working with one universal questionnaire score. Of all monitored variables, only gender had statistically significant influence over the perceived self-efficacy, the scale was invariant for both genders. The differences between clinics were very small, only the respondents from psychiatric clinic achieved statistically significant lower score. Study limitations. The limits of the study come from its cross-sectional character and the fact that the choise of respondents was not representative. Data are based on subjective statements coming from respondents hospitalized with various health problems.

Termitidae comprises ∼80% of all termite species [1] that play dominant decomposer roles in tropical ecosystems [2, 3]. Two major events during termite evolution were the loss of cellulolytic gut protozoans in the ancestor of Termitidae and the subsequent gain in the termitid subfamily Macrotermitinae of fungal symbionts cultivated externally in "combs" constructed within the nest [4, 5]. How these symbiotic transitions occurred remains unresolved. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial data previously suggested that Macrotermitinae is the earliest branching termitid lineage, followed soon after by Sphaerotermitinae [6], which cultivates bacterial symbionts on combs inside its nests [7]. This has led to the hypothesis that comb building was an important evolutionary step in the loss of gut protozoa in ancestral termitids [8]. We sequenced genomes and transcriptomes of 55 termite species and reconstructed phylogenetic trees from up to 4,065 orthologous genes of 68 species. We found strong support for a novel sister-group relationship between the bacterial comb-building Sphaerotermitinae and fungus comb-building Macrotermitinae. This key finding indicates that comb building is a derived trait within Termitidae and that the creation of a comb-like "external rumen" involving bacteria or fungi may not have driven the loss of protozoa from ancestral termitids, as previously hypothesized. Instead, associations with gut prokaryotic symbionts, combined with dietary shifts from wood to other plant-based substrates, may have played a more important role in this symbiotic transition. Our phylogenetic tree provides a platform for future studies of comparative termite evolution and the evolution of symbiosis in this taxon.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• hmyzí geny MeSH
• Isoptera genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• symbióza * MeSH
• Termitomyces fyziologie   MeSH
• transkriptom * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Gnathostomes are of interest because of their unique appearance and medical importance. Among 13 valid species of the genus Gnathostoma Owen, 1836 (Nematoda: Spirurida), two species, G. doloresi Tubangui, 1925 and G. hispidum Fedtschenko, 1872, are parasites of pigs but their larvae can infect humans to cause gnathostomiasis. In this study, we collected adults of Gnathostoma sp. from the stomach of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus Linnaeus) from Dien Bien Province, northern Vietnam. Morphologically, nematodes found here are most similar to G. doloresi with a slight difference in the spicules of males. In contrast, they are genetically distinct from G. doloresi and other species of Gnathostoma in both ITS2 and cox1 sequences. The findings of the present study suggest that specimens of Gnathostoma sp. found in Dien Bien are likely a new species and emphasise the need of further studies on the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationship of species of Gnathostoma. Special attention should also be paid to swine and human gnathostomiasis in Dien Bien Province, Vietnam and the neighbouring areas of China and Laos.

• MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• Gnathostoma anatomie a histologie   genetika   MeSH
• gnathostomóza parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA analýza   MeSH
• nemoci prasat parazitologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• proteiny červů analýza   MeSH
• respirační komplex IV analýza   MeSH
• Sus scrofa MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Vietnam MeSH

Cíl studie: Posoudit vliv malnutrice u pacientů s karcinomem pankreatu (PC) na míru oxidačního stresu a na antioxidační systém organismu. Typ studie: Observační, strukturálně vyvážená studie případů a kontrol. Název a sídlo pracoviště: IV. Interní klinika, 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze, U Nemocnice 2, 128 01 Praha 2, Česká republika Materiál a metody: Do studie bylo zařazeno 68 pacientů (M/F = 36/32) s PC, kteří byli podle indexu NRI (nutrition risk index) rozděleni do dvou skupin na pacienty se středně těžkou až těžkou malnutricí (PC-MAL) a pacienty s lehkou malnutricí či bez malnutrice (PC-NOR). Každá skupina čítala 34 osob (M/F = 18/16) a mezi skupinami nebyl signifikantní rozdíl ve věku. Dále byla do studie zařazena na základě věku a pohlaví spárovaná kontrolní skupina (CON). Sledovaným subjektům byly odebírány vzorky po celonočním lačnění a kromě základních klinických a biochemických parametrů byly stanovovány markery oxidačního stresu (konjugované dieny v precipitovaných LDL; CD/LDL a oxidované LDL; ox-LDL/LDL), aktivity antioxidačních enzymů a koncentrace redukovaného glutathionu (GSH). Ke statistickému zpracování výsledků byl použit program STATISTICA (Stat Soft, CZ). Výsledky: Výsledky naší studie potvrzují zvýšený oxidační stres u pacientů s PC a to zvýšenými hladinami ox-LDL/LDL a CD/ LDL v porovnání s CON (p < 0,01). Signifikantně vyšší hladiny těchto markerů měli pacienti s malnutricí než bez malnutrice. Pozorovány byly rovněž výrazné změny v antioxidačním systému u pacientů s PC; kteří oproti CON skupině měli sníženou aktivitu katalázy (CAT, p < 0,01) glutationperoxidázy (p < 0,01), arylesterázovou (PON-A) i laktonázovou aktivitu (PON-L) paraoxonázy (p < 0,01) a koncentraci redukovaného glutathionu (p < 0,001) a zvýšené hladiny sérového amyloidu A (SAA, p < 0,001). Ovlivnění aktivit CAT, PON-A a PON-L a hladiny SAA bylo signifikantně větší u pacientů s podvýživou oproti PC pacientům bez příznaků malnutrice. Závěr: V této studii bylo prokázáno prohloubení oxidačního stresu a výraznější ovlivnění funkce antioxidačního systému organismu pacientů vlivem malnutrice.

Objective: To assess the influence of malnutrition in patients with pancreatic carcinoma (PC) on the oxidative stress and antioxidant system. Design: Observation, matched case-control study. Settings: This study was conducted at the 4th Department of Internal Medicine of General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic Material and methods: In to our study 68 patients (M/F = 36/32) with PC were included and divided according to the nutrition risk index into two groups – patients with moderate or severe malnutrition (PC-MAL) and mild or no malnutrition (PCNOR). In both groups there were 34 patients (M/F = 18/16) with no difference in age between both groups. Furthermore, group of 34 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (CON) were enrolled into the study. The samplings were taken after overnight fast and apart from basic clinical and biochemical parameters markers of oxidative stress (level of conjugated dienes in precipitated LDL, CD/LDL and oxidized LDL, ox-LDL/LDL), activities of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) were assessed. For all statistical analysis the statistical program STATISTICA (Stat Soft, CZ) was used. Results: In our study we confirmed increased oxidative stress in PC, with higher levels of ox-LDL/LDL and CD/LDL compared to CON (p < 0.01). Significantly higher levels of these markers were in patients with malnutrition then without malnutrition. We observed also changes in antioxidant system of PC patients – these patients had decreased activity of catalase (CAT, p < 0.01), glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.01), arylesterase (PON-A) and also lactonase activity (PON-L) of paraoxonase (p < 0.01) and concentration of GSH (p < 0.001) and higher levels of serum amyloid A (SAA, p < 0.001). The changes in CAT, PON-A, PON-L and SAA levels were significantly higher in PC patients with malnutrition then without. Conclusion: In this study we proved the deepening of oxidative stress and the strongly impaired function of antioxidant system in PC patients due to malnutrition.

• MeSH
• aryldialkylfosfatasa analýza   krev   MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní * komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• oxidační stres * MeSH
• podvýživa MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Managing medical professionals is challenging because professionals tend to adhere to a set of professional norms and enjoy autonomy from supervision. The aim of this paper is to study the interplay of physicians' professional identity, their organizational identity, and the role of professional autonomy in these processes of social identification. METHODS: We test hypotheses generated according to social identity theory using a survey of physicians working in public hospitals in Italy in 2013. RESULTS: Higher degrees of organizational and economic professional autonomy are correlated with higher organizational identification. Identification with the profession is positively correlated with identification with the organization. CONCLUSIONS: Although the generalizability of our results is limited, this study suggests that organizations should support the organizational and economic autonomy of their physicians to project an organizational identity that preserves the continuity of a doctor's self-concept and that is evaluated as positive by doctors. As a result, organizations will be able to foster organizational identification, which is potentially capable of inducing pro-social organizational behavior.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lékařský personál nemocniční * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemocnice veřejné organizace a řízení   MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu * MeSH
• profesionalita MeSH
• profesionální nezávislost * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální identifikace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH

BACKGROUND: PF-00547659 is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to human mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) to selectively reduce lymphocyte homing to the intestinal tract. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of PF-00547659 in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. METHODS: This phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial recruited patients aged 18-65 years from 105 centres in 21 countries, with a history (≥3 months) of active ulcerative colitis extending more than 15 cm beyond the anal verge (with a total Mayo score ≥6 and a Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥2) who had failed or were intolerant to at least one conventional therapy. Patients were stratified by previous anti-TNFα treatment, and randomly assigned by a computer-generated randomisation schedule to receive a subcutaneous injection of 7·5 mg, 22·5 mg, 75 mg, or 225 mg PF-00547659 or placebo at baseline, then every 4 weeks. Patients, investigators, and sponsors were blinded to the treatment. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving remission (total Mayo score ≤2 with no individual subscore >1 and rectal bleeding subscore ≤1) at week 12. The efficacy analysis included all patients who received at least one dose of the randomised treatment; the safety analysis was done according to treatment received. All p values were one-sided and multiplicity-adjusted. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01620255. FINDINGS: Between Nov 2, 2012, and Feb 4, 2016, we screened 587 patients; 357 were eligible and randomly assigned to receive placebo (n=73) or PF-00547659 at doses of 7·5 mg (n=71), 22·5 mg (n=72), 75 mg (n=71), or 225 mg (n=70). Remission rates at week 12 were significantly greater in three of four active-treatment groups than in the placebo group (2·7% [two of 73]): 7·5 mg (11·3% [eight of 71]), 22·5 mg (16·7% [12 of 72]), 75 mg (15·5% [11 of 71]), and 225 mg (5·7% [four of 70]). These rates corresponded to a stratum-adjusted (anti-TNFα-naive and anti-TNFα-experienced) risk difference versus placebo of 8·0% for 7·5 mg (90% CI 1·9 to 14, p=0·0425), 12·8% for 22·5 mg (5·6 to 19·9, p=0·0099), 11·8% for 75 mg (4·8 to 18·8, p=0·0119), and 2·6% for 225 mg (-1·2 to 6·4, p=0·1803). Four of 73 (5·5%) patients had a serious adverse event in the placebo group, ten of 71 (14·1%) in the 7·5 mg group, one of 70 (1·4%) in the 22·5 mg group, three of 73 (4·1%) in the 75 mg group, and three of 70 (4·3%) in the 225 mg group. No safety signal was observed for the study drug. INTERPRETATION: PF-00547659 was safe and well tolerated in this patient population, and better than placebo for induction of remission in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. The greatest clinical effects were observed with the 22·5 mg and 75 mg doses. FUNDING: Pfizer.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• gastrointestinální látky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• indukce remise MeSH
• injekce subkutánní MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• TNF-alfa antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• ulcerózní kolitida farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

The isolation of populations in the Iberian, Italian and Balkan peninsulas during the ice ages define four main paradigms that explain much of the known distribution of intraspecific genetic diversity in Europe. In this study we investigated the phylogeography of a wide-spread bat species, the bent-winged bat, Miniopterus schreibersii around the Mediterranean basin and in the Caucasus. Environmental Niche Modeling (ENM) analysis was applied to predict both the current distribution of the species and its distribution during the last glacial maximum (LGM). The combination of genetics and ENM results suggest that the populations of M. schreibersii in Europe, the Caucasus and Anatolia went extinct during the LGM, and the refugium for the species was a relatively small area to the east of the Levantine Sea, corresponding to the Mediterranean coasts of present-day Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and northeastern and northwestern Egypt. Subsequently the species first repopulated Anatolia, diversified there, and afterwards expanded into the Caucasus, continental Europe and North Africa after the end of the LGM. The fossil record in Iberia and the ENM results indicate continuous presence of Miniopterus in this peninsula that most probably was related to the Maghrebian lineage during the LGM, which did not persist afterwards. Using our results combined with similar findings in previous studies, we propose a new paradigm explaining the general distribution of genetic diversity in Europe involving the recolonization of the continent, with the main contribution from refugial populations in Anatolia and the Middle East. The study shows how genetics and ENM approaches can complement each other in providing a more detailed picture of intraspecific evolution.

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• Chiroptera klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fylogeografie MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• severní Afrika MeSH
• Střední východ MeSH