Error rate
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
Syndrom Smithův-Lemliho-Opitzův (SLOs) se vyznačuje četnými vrozenými dysmorfiemi a mentální retardací. Dlouho nebylo jasno, čím je porucha vyvolána. Nedávná zjištění, že jde o vrozenou metabolickou poruchu danou nedostatečností D7-reduktázy 7-dehydrocholesterolu, a tedy neschopností v dostatečném množství uskutečnit biosyntézu cholesterolu, vedla nejen ke zlepšení diagnostiky zejména neúplných forem syndromu, ale otevřela také cestu k léčbě tohoto onemocnění. To je o to závažnější proto, že Česká republika patří k regionům s nejvyšší incidencí SLOs. Ačkoli genetici a biochemici věnují této metabolické odchylce hodně pozornosti, je mezi pediatry v prvé linii známa nedostatečně. A přece při včasném rozpoznání a léčbě zvýšeným nutričním přísunem cholesterolu lze docílit výrazného zlepšení v růstu, chování i celkovém zdravotním stavu postižených dětí, i když samozřejmě vrozené malformace již korigovat nelze.
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is characterized by multiple and variable inborn dysmorphic features and mental retardation. For a long time its pathogenesis was unknown. Recently, it has been recognized as an error of cholesterol biosynthesis, namely the insufficiency of the enzyme D7-reductase of 7-dehydrocholesterol, which modifies not only the quality of cell membrane and myelin, but it causes also an inadequate production of steroid hormones and behavioral changes. As there exist mild forms of the syndrome, it is infrequently recognised in general pediatric praxis. The functional disorders, as growth, behaviour and general health state, can be at least partially improved by treatment with cholesterol supplementation, either by means of nutrition rich on cholesterol or by pure cholesterol.
- MeSH
- cholesterol biosyntéza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prenatální diagnóza metody MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy MeSH
- Smithův-Lemliho-Opitzův syndrom diagnóza dietoterapie etiologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
K diagnostice chronické choroby ledvin je v současnosti doporučováno stanovení odhadu glomerulární filtrace (eGFR). Příslušná doporučení vznikla z iniciativy nefrologů v rámci činnosti Národního edukačního programu pro ledvinové choroby NKDEP USA. K stanovení eGFR se doporučuje používat výpočtu podle vztahu MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease). Překážkou dosažení spolehlivých a srovnatelných hodnot eGFR je nedostatečná srovnatelnost výsledků různých metod měření sérového kreatininu. Klíčovým problémem je vysoká a u různých měřicích systémů různá hodnota pozitivního bias u hodnot kreatininu v rozmezí referenčního intervalu a hodnot mírně zvýšených nad jeho horním referenčním limitem (do 133 μmol/l). Tento fakt byl opakovaně potvrzen velkými a sofistikovanými mezilaboratorními studiemi národními i mezinárodními. Důsledkem této skutečnosti je velká závislost hodnot eGFR na použitých metodách měření sérového kreatininu. Návrh řešení spočívá v rekalibraci diagnostických kitů pomocí referenční metody ID-MS a ve zlepšení výsledků analýz v oblastech nízkých a lehce zvýšených koncentrací kreatininu. Předpokládá se nezbytnost spolupráce klinických laboratoří, referenčních pracovišť, organizátorů EHK a v neposlední řadě také výrobců IVD. Cílem procesu je dosažení přesnosti měření ≤ 5 % a nejistoty ≤ 10 % pro koncentrace blízké 88 μmol/l. Dalším cílem je dosáhnout obecného používání formule MDRD. Tato změna musí být provázena revizí příslušných referenčních intervalů. Pro organizátory programů EHK vyplývá z doporučení NKDEP aspoň občasné používání nativních kontrolních materiálů o koncentracích do 133 μmol/l s cílovými hodnotami, certifikovanými referenční metodou ID-MS.
Calculation of the estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by using the MDRD (Modification of Diet Renal Disease) equation is recently recommended for diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. National Kidney Disease Education Program summarizes these recommendations. The lack of comparability among different methods for creatinine measurement is main problem for effective implementation the MDRD formula into clinical laboratories. Significant and different bias in serum creatinine measurements was several times confirmed by large interlaboratory comparison studies. The largest bias values are typical for the crucial concentrations for eGFR calculation. It means for concentrations lower than 133 μmol/l. Recalibration of all routine methods of creatinine measurement by means of ID-MS reference method is proposed as solution for this problem Cooperation of clinical laboratories, EQA providers and IVD manufacturers is necessary. Reaching the precision ≤ 5% and total error (measurement uncertainty) ≤ 10% at creatinine concentration about 88 μmol/l is recommended as the aim of process. Organizers of EQA programs should be used time from time native, commutable control materials for trueness verification.
Inhalační cesta podání léků je preferována pro všechny pacienty s chronickou obstrukcí průdušek všech věkových kategorií. Inhalační léky jsou dostupné v různých inhalačních systémech amají i odlišnou inhalační techniku. Proto je velmi důležitá kontinuální edukace pacienta, se kterým musíme správnou inhalační techniku nacvičit a opakovaně ji kontrolovat. V atypické kazuistice je popisováno výrazné snížení chybovosti v inhalační technice z inhalačního systému Turbuhaler po plošné edukaci.
The inhaled route of application medications is preferred administration method for all patients with chronic bronchial obstruction all age categories. Inhaled medications are available in different devices with differ characteristics and with differ inhaler technique. Therefore are very important continuing education of patients, training and skill in correct inhalation technique and inhalation technique must be repeatedly checked. The important decreasing of error rate in correct inhaler technique from Turbuhaler device after super education are discussed in our atypical case report.
- Klíčová slova
- TURBUHALER,
- MeSH
- adherence pacienta MeSH
- aerosolové dávkovače normy využití MeSH
- antiastmatika aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- aplikace inhalační MeSH
- autoaplikace MeSH
- bronchiální astma * farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- inhalační nástavce normy využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- vzdělávání pacientů jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
This study aims to provide an updated overview of medical error taxonomies by building on a robust review conducted in 2011. It seeks to identify the key characteristics of the most suitable taxonomy for use in high-fidelity simulation-based postgraduate courses in Critical Care. While many taxonomies are available, none seem to be explicitly designed for the unique context of healthcare simulation-based education, in which errors are regarded as essential learning opportunities. Rather than creating a new classification system, this study proposes integrating existing taxonomies to enhance their applicability in simulation training. Through data from surveys of participants and tutors in postgraduate simulation-based courses, this study provides an exploratory analysis of whether a generic or domain-specific taxonomy is more suitable for healthcare education. While a generic classification may cover a broad spectrum of errors, a domain-specific approach could be more relatable and practical for healthcare professionals in a given domain, potentially improving error-reporting rates. Seven strong links were identified in the reviewed classification systems. These correlations allowed the authors to propose various simulation training strategies to address the errors identified in both the classification systems. This approach focuses on error management and fostering a safety culture, aiming to reduce communication-related errors by introducing the principles of Crisis Resource Management, effective communication methods, and overall teamwork improvement. The gathered data contributes to a better understanding and training of the most prevalent medical errors, with significant correlations found between different medical error taxonomies, suggesting that addressing one can positively impact others. The study highlights the importance of simulation-based education in healthcare for error management and analysis.
- MeSH
- chybná zdravotní péče * prevence a kontrola klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- studium lékařství metody MeSH
- tréninková simulace metody MeSH
- zdravotnický personál výchova MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A novel model for the coupling between ventricular repolarisation and heart rate (QT/RR) is presented. It is based upon a transfer function (TRF) formalism that describes the static and dynamic properties of this coupling, i.e., the behaviour after a sudden change in heart rate. Different TRF models were analysed by comparing their capability to describe experimental data collected from 19 healthy volunteers using several RR stimulation protocols: (i) rest with deep breathing at 0.1 Hz; (ii) tilt with controlled breathing at 0.1 and 0.33 Hz; and (iii) cycling. A search for the best TRF led to unambiguous identification of a three-parameter model as the most suitable descriptor of QT/RR coupling. Compared with established static models (linear or power-law), our model predictions are substantially closer to the experimental results, with errors approximately 50% smaller. The shape of the frequency and step responses of the TRF presented is essentially the same for all subjects and protocols. Moreover, each TRF may be uniquely identified by three parameters obtained from the step response, which are believed to be of physiological relevance: (i) gain for slow RR variability; (ii) gain for fast RR variability; and (iii) time during which QT attains 90% of its steady-state value. The TRF successfully describes the behaviour of the RR control following an abrupt change in RR interval, and its parameters may offer a tool for detecting pharmacologically induced changes, particularly those leading to increased arrhythmogenic risk.
DNA conformation may deviate from the classical B-form in ∼13% of the human genome. Non-B DNA regulates many cellular processes; however, its effects on DNA polymerization speed and accuracy have not been investigated genome-wide. Such an inquiry is critical for understanding neurological diseases and cancer genome instability. Here, we present the first simultaneous examination of DNA polymerization kinetics and errors in the human genome sequenced with Single-Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) technology. We show that polymerization speed differs between non-B and B-DNA: It decelerates at G-quadruplexes and fluctuates periodically at disease-causing tandem repeats. Analyzing polymerization kinetics profiles, we predict and validate experimentally non-B DNA formation for a novel motif. We demonstrate that several non-B motifs affect sequencing errors (e.g., G-quadruplexes increase error rates), and that sequencing errors are positively associated with polymerase slowdown. Finally, we show that highly divergent G4 motifs have pronounced polymerization slowdown and high sequencing error rates, suggesting similar mechanisms for sequencing errors and germline mutations.
- MeSH
- DNA chemie MeSH
- G-kvadruplexy MeSH
- genomika * metody normy MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- konformace nukleové kyseliny * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nukleotidové motivy MeSH
- replikace DNA MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA * metody MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování * metody normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Abnormalities of eye movements have been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is unclear if they occur in the prodromal stage of synucleinopathy represented by idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD). We thus aimed to study eye movements in subjects with iRBD and in de novo PD, to assess if their abnormalities may serve as a clinical biomarker of neurodegeneration. Fifty subjects with polysomnography-confirmed iRBD (46 male, age 40-79 years), 18 newly diagnosed, untreated PD patients (13 male, age 43-75 years) and 25 healthy controls (20 male, age 42-79 years) were prospectively enrolled. Horizontal and vertical ocular prosaccades and antisaccades were investigated with video-oculography. All patients completed the MDS-UPDRS and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. In addition, a neuropsychological battery was performed on iRBD subjects. When compared with healthy controls, both de novo PD patients and iRBD subjects showed increased error rates in the horizontal antisaccade task (p < 0.01, p < 0.05 respectively). In the iRBD group, the error rates in horizontal and vertical antisaccades correlated with performances in the Prague Stroop Test and the Grooved Pegboard Test, as well as with motor scores of the MDS-UPDRS. De novo PD patients showed a lower gain (p < 0.01) compared with controls. In conclusion, the increased error rate in the antisaccade task of iRBD and PD patients reflects a dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and is related to the impairment of executive functions and attention.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc patofyziologie MeSH
- pohyby očí fyziologie MeSH
- polysomnografie metody MeSH
- porucha chování v REM spánku komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- prefrontální mozková kůra abnormality MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
At present, analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is becoming widely used as a clinical or research tool. Supported reliability studies for HRV measurement are, however, still limited. The main purpose was to perform an assessment of the absolute and relative reliability of HRV parameters from short-term recordings by means of orthoclinostatic stimulation and to investigate, whether there is a difference in repeating the retest immediately or after several days. The study group consisted of 99 participants (mean age 22 ± 1.24 years). Standard HRV indexes were computed: PT (total spectral power), PHF (high frequency spectral power), PLF (low frequency spectral power) and LF/HF. Absolute reliability was assessed by the standard error of measurement and 95% limits of agreement; relative reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient. There was also an estimate of the sample size needed to detect the mean difference ≥ 30% of the between-subject standard deviation. In conclusion, a large random variation (within individuals) of HRV parameters was revealed, regardless of whether the retest was repeated immediately or with an interruption. For most HRV parameters (particularly in the immediately repeated test-retest), however, random variation represents a limited portion of the between-subject variability.
- MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus * MeSH
- elektrokardiografie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- postura těla fyziologie MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- velikost vzorku MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH