In this study we present an innovative method for the preparation of fully hydrated samples of microbial biofilms of cultures Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and high-pressure freezing (HPF) rank among cutting edge techniques in the electron microscopy of hydrated samples such as biofilms. However, the combination of these techniques is not always easily applicable. Therefore, we present a method of combining high-pressure freezing using EM PACT2 (Leica Microsystems), which fixes hydrated samples on small sapphire discs, with a high resolution SEM equipped with the widely used cryo-preparation system ALTO 2500 (Gatan). Using a holder developed in house, a freeze-fracturing technique was applied to image and investigate microbial cultures cultivated on the sapphire discs. In our experiments, we focused on the ultrastructure of the extracellular matrix produced during cultivation and the relationships among microbial cells in the biofilm. The main goal of our investigations was the detailed visualization of areas of the biofilm where the microbial cells adhere to the substrate/surface. We show the feasibility of this technique, which is clearly demonstrated in experiments with various freeze-etching times.

• MeSH
• biofilmy MeSH
• Candida albicans ultrastruktura   MeSH
• Candida parapsilosis ultrastruktura   MeSH
• elektronová kryomikroskopie metody   MeSH
• extracelulární matrix ultrastruktura   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací metody   MeSH
• mrazové lámání metody   MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis ultrastruktura   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This paper evaluates a novel sorbent for the removal of potentially toxic elements, inherent cations, and hetero-chloride from hydraulic fracturing wastewater (FWW). A series of iron-biochar (Fe-BC) composites with different Fe/BC impregnation mass ratios (0.5:1, 1:1, and 2:1) were prepared by mixing forestry wood waste-derived BC powder with an aqueous FeCl3 solution and subsequently pyrolyzing them at 1000 °C in a N2-purged tubular furnace. The porosity, surface morphology, crystalline structure, and interfacial chemical behavior of the Fe-BC composites were characterized, revealing that Fe chelated with CO bonds as COFe moieties on the BC surface, which were subsequently reduced to a CC bond and nanoscale zerovalent Fe (nZVI) during pyrolysis. The performance of the Fe-BC composites was evaluated for simultaneous removal of potentially toxic elements (Cu(II), Cr(VI), Zn(II), and As(V)), inherent cations (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Ba, and Sr), hetero-chloride (1,1,2-trichlorethane (1,1,2-TCA)), and total organic carbon (TOC) from high-salinity (233 g L-1 total dissolved solids (TDS)) model FWW. By elucidating the removal mechanisms of different contaminants, we demonstrated that Fe-BC (1:1) had an optimal reducing/charge-transfer reactivity owing to the homogenous distribution of nZVI with the highest Fe0/Fe2+ ratio. A lower Fe content in Fe-BC (0.5:1) resulted in a rapid exhaustion of Fe0, while a higher Fe content in Fe-BC (2:1) caused severe aggregation and oxidization of Fe0, contributing to its complexation/(co-)precipitation with Fe2+/Fe3+. All of the synthesized Fe-BC composites exhibited a high removal capacity for inherent cations (3.2-7.2 g g-1) in FWW through bridging with the CO bonds and cation-π interactions. Overall, this study illustrated the potential efficacy and mechanistic roles of Fe-BC composites for (pre-)treatment of high-salinity and complex FWW.

• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu chemie   MeSH
• chloridy chemie   MeSH
• dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
• hydraulické štěpení MeSH
• kationty MeSH
• odpadní voda chemie   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• železo chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• fraktury kostí MeSH
• lopatka patologie   MeSH
• ortopedie MeSH
• traumatologie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• traumatologie
• ortopedie
• NLK Publikační typ
• učebnice vysokých škol
• kolektivní monografie

• MeSH
• fraktury kostí MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• senioři MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• chirurgie

• MeSH
• fraktury kostí MeSH
• příručky lékařské MeSH
• Publikační typ
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• ortopedie
• chirurgie

Zlomeniny proximálního femuru jsou jedny z nejčastějších zlomenin. Patří sem zlomeniny krčku femuru a zlomeniny trochanterického segmentu. Průměrný věk pacientů se pohybuje kolem 80 let a téměř tři čtvrtiny tvoří ženy. To znamená, že zlomeniny proximálního femuru jsou problémem nejen terapeutickým, ale i sociálním a ekonomickým. Až na výjimky je léčba zlomenin proximálního femuru operační. U zlomenin krčku femuru převažuje aloplastika, u trochanterických zlomenin osteosyntéza. Nejčastější komplikací osteosyntézy u zlomenin krčku femuru je avaskulární nekróza hlavice femuru, u trochanterických zlomenin je to mechanické selhání osteosyntézy.

Fractures of the proximal femur are among the most common fractures. They include fractures of the femoral neck and fractures of the trochanteric segment. The average age of patients is around 80 years and almost three quarters are women. This means that proximal femur fractures are not only a therapeutic problem, but also a social and economic issue. But for few exceptions, proximal femur fractures are treated operatively, with arthroplasty prevailing in femoral neck fractures and internal fixation in trochanteric fractures. The most common complication of internal fixation in femoral neck fractures is avascular necrosis of the femoral head, in trochanteric fractures it is mechanical failure of internal fixation.

• MeSH
• fraktury femuru * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• fraktury krčku femuru chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• fraktury kyčle chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Fractures of the forearm represent common injuries. Understanding the anatomy and function of the radius, ulna, interosseous membrane, proximal and distal radioulnar joints is critical to appropriate management. Diagnosis can readily be made by examination and radiographs. Well established surgical approaches including the anterior Henry, dorsal Thompson, and ulnar approaches provide excellent access to both the radius and ulna. Multiple fracture patterns are recognized including isolated radius and ulna fractures, combined fractures, Galeazzi fractures, and Monteggia fractures. Surgical management regularly requires open reduction internal fixation with plates (DCP) and screws with vigilance being paid to stable reduction of the proximal and distal radioulnar joints. New directions in the management of forearm fractures include the use of intramedullary fixation and locking plate technology.

• MeSH
• fraktury ulny diagnóza   chirurgie   klasifikace   MeSH
• fraktury vřetenní kosti diagnóza   chirurgie   klasifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vnitřní fixace fraktury MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Chirurgie, ortopedie, traumatologie,
• MeSH
• chirurgie MeSH
• dolní končetina MeSH
• fraktury kostí diagnóza   chirurgie   klasifikace   komplikace   MeSH
• patní kost MeSH
• pooperační péče MeSH

• NLK Obory
• chirurgie

• MeSH
• acetabulum patologie   MeSH
• fraktury kostí MeSH
• pánev patologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• atlasy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• traumatologie
• ortopedie

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe pathoanatomy and to raise awareness of a fracture of the lateral malleolus combined with a high subcapital fracture of the fibula caused by a dislocation mechanism. METHODS: The study comprised 11 patients, 5 men and 6 women, with the mean age of 57 years (range, 21-87), with a "Double Maisonneuve fracture". Individual lesions of ankle structures were described on the basis of radiographs, CT, and intraoperative findings. RESULTS: The distal fibular fracture was classified as Weber type B in 1 case and Weber type C in 10 cases. The proximal fibular fracture was described as a subcapital oblique spiral fracture with metadiaphyseal involvement in nine cases and a high short oblique fracture with fibular head involvement in two cases. Injury to the deltoid ligament was revealed in six cases; a bicollicular fracture of the medial malleolus was found in five patients. Posterior malleolar fractures were classified as type 1 in eight cases and type 2 in three cases. Avulsion of the Chaput tubercle was detected in four cases. Injury to the interosseous tibiofibular ligament was assessed in nine patients. CONCLUSION: Double Maisonneuve fracture is a rare but probably underreported injury that must be taken into consideration during examination, as it may be easily overlooked. The essential part of diagnosis is a careful clinical examination and radiological assessment of the lower leg with additional CT examination of the ankle.

• MeSH
• fibula diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• fraktury kotníku * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• hlezenní kloub patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetné fraktury * MeSH
• poranění kotníku * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• tibie zranění   MeSH
• vnitřní fixace fraktury MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH