OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: The 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a widely-used screening measure for postnatal depression. Factor analysis studies have suggested an embedded sub-scale could be used for screening for anxiety disorders. The current investigation sought to replicate and extend a recent study supporting this assertion. METHODS: A cross-sectional design. EPDS data were collected at up to two years postpartum. Confirmatory factor analysis, correlational and distributional characteristics of the measure were examined. Participants were a large sample (N = 985) of postpartum women in the Czech Republic. RESULTS: Factor structure findings substantially replicated the models evaluated by Della Vedova et al. (2022). Bifactor models, however, offered a better fit to data. A general factor of depression explained most of the variance in data in most models compared to embedded sub-scales across models. CONCLUSION: The model proposed by Della Vedova et al. (2022) offered an excellent fit to data. However, the findings from the bifactor modelling suggest the dominance of a general factor of depression which indicates the potential application of an embedded anxiety sub-scale for screening may be overstated.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Depression, Postpartum * diagnosis   psychology   MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Psychiatric Status Rating Scales * standards   MeSH
• Psychometrics MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Wilson disease (WD) primarily presents with hepatic and neurological symptoms. While hepatic symptoms typically precede the neurological manifestations, copper accumulates in the brain already in this patient group and leads to subclinical brain MRI abnormalities including T2 hyperintensities and atrophy. This study aimed to assess brain morphological changes in mild hepatic WD. WD patients without a history of neurologic symptoms and decompensated cirrhosis and control participants underwent brain MRI at 3T scanner including high-resolution T1-weighted images. A volumetric evaluation was conducted on the following brain regions: nucleus accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, midbrain, pons, cerebellar gray matter, white matter (WM), and superior peduncle, using Freesurfer v7 software. Whole-brain analyses using voxel- and surface-based morphometry were performed using SPM12. Statistical comparisons utilized a general linear model adjusted for total intracranial volume, age, and sex. Twenty-six WD patients with mild hepatic form (30 ± 9 years [mean age ± SD]); 11 women; mean treatment duration 13 ± 12 (range 0-42) years and 28 healthy controls (33 ± 9 years; 15 women) were evaluated. Volumetric analysis revealed a significantly smaller pons volume and a trend for smaller midbrain and cerebellar WM in WD patients compared to controls. Whole-brain analysis revealed regions of reduced volume in the pons, cerebellar, and lobar WM in the WD group. No significant differences in gray matter density or cortical thickness were found. Myelin or WM in general seems vulnerable to low-level copper toxicity, with WM volume loss showing promise as a marker for assessing brain involvement in early WD stages.

• MeSH
• White Matter pathology   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Hepatolenticular Degeneration * pathology   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Liver pathology   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging * MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Brain * pathology   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Gray Matter pathology   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

One of the most common statistical analyses in experimental psychology concerns the comparison of two means using the frequentist t test. However, frequentist t tests do not quantify evidence and require various assumption tests. Recently, popularized Bayesian t tests do quantify evidence, but these were developed for scenarios where the two populations are assumed to have the same variance. As an alternative to both methods, we outline a comprehensive t test framework based on Bayesian model averaging. This new t test framework simultaneously takes into account models that assume equal and unequal variances, and models that use t-likelihoods to improve robustness to outliers. The resulting inference is based on a weighted average across the entire model ensemble, with higher weights assigned to models that predicted the observed data well. This new t test framework provides an integrated approach to assumption checks and inference by applying a series of pertinent models to the data simultaneously rather than sequentially. The integrated Bayesian model-averaged t tests achieve robustness without having to commit to a single model following a series of assumption checks. To facilitate practical applications, we provide user-friendly implementations in JASP and via the RoBTT package in R . A tutorial video is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcuzGTIcorQ.

• MeSH
• Bayes Theorem MeSH
• Psychology, Experimental * methods   MeSH
• Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Models, Statistical * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

BACKGROUND: Increased lung cancer risks for low socioeconomic status (SES) groups are only partially attributable to smoking habits. Little effort has been made to investigate the persistent risks related to low SES by quantification of potential biases. METHODS: Based on 12 case-control studies, including 18 centers of the international SYNERGY project (16,550 cases, 20,147 controls), we estimated controlled direct effects (CDE) of SES on lung cancer via multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, study center, and smoking habits and stratified by sex. We conducted mediation analysis by inverse odds ratio weighting to estimate natural direct effects and natural indirect effects via smoking habits. We considered misclassification of smoking status, selection bias, and unmeasured mediator-outcome confounding by genetic risk, both separately and by multiple quantitative bias analyses, using bootstrap to create 95% simulation intervals (SI). RESULTS: Mediation analysis of lung cancer risks for SES estimated mean proportions of 43% in men and 33% in women attributable to smoking. Bias analyses decreased the direct effects of SES on lung cancer, with selection bias showing the strongest reduction in lung cancer risk in the multiple bias analysis. Lung cancer risks remained increased for lower SES groups, with higher risks in men (fourth vs. first [highest] SES quartile: CDE, 1.50 [SI, 1.32, 1.69]) than women (CDE: 1.20 [SI: 1.01, 1.45]). Natural direct effects were similar to CDE, particularly in men. CONCLUSIONS: Bias adjustment lowered direct lung cancer risk estimates of lower SES groups. However, risks for low SES remained elevated, likely attributable to occupational hazards or other environmental exposures.

• MeSH
• Mediation Analysis * MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Smoking * epidemiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Logistic Models MeSH
• Lung Neoplasms * epidemiology   MeSH
• Odds Ratio MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Social Class * MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Bias * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a high recurrence rate after surgical therapy with curative intent. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and mitotane therapy have been proposed as options following the adrenalectomy. However, the efficacy of adjuvant RT or mitotane therapy remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant therapy in patients who underwent adrenalectomy for localised ACC. The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were queried on March 2024 for studies evaluating adjuvant therapies in patients treated with surgery for localized ACC (PROSPERO: CRD42024512849). The endpoints of interest were overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were pooled in a random-effects model meta-analysis. One randomized controlled trial (n = 91) and eleven retrospective studies (n = 4,515) were included. Adjuvant mitotane therapy was associated with improved RFS (HR: 0.63, 95%CI: 0.44-0.92, p = 0.016), while adjuvant RT did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance (HR:0.79, 95%CI:0.58-1.06, p = 0.11). Conversely, Adjuvant RT was associated with improved OS (HR:0.69, 95%CI:0.58-0.83, p<0.001), whereas adjuvant mitotane did not (HR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.57-1.02, p = 0.07). In the subgroup analyses, adjuvant mitotane was associated with better OS (HR:0.46, 95%CI: 0.30-0.69, p < 0.001) and RFS (HR:0.56, 95%CI: 0.32-0.98, p = 0.04) in patients with negative surgical margin. Both adjuvant RT and mitotane were found to be associated with improved oncologic outcomes in patients treated with adrenalectomy for localised ACC. While adjuvant RT significantly improved OS in general population, mitotane appears as an especially promising treatment option in patients with negative surgical margin. These data can support the shared decision-making process, better understanding of the risks, benefits, and effectiveness of these therapies is still needed to guide tailored management of each individual patient.

• MeSH
• Chemotherapy, Adjuvant MeSH
• Radiotherapy, Adjuvant methods   MeSH
• Adrenalectomy * methods   MeSH
• Adrenocortical Carcinoma * therapy   drug therapy   radiotherapy   MeSH
• Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms * therapy   drug therapy   surgery   radiotherapy   MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mitotane * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Meta-Analysis MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Systematic Review MeSH

Human migration is an increasingly common phenomenon and migrants are at risk of disadvantageous treatment. We reasoned that migrants may receive differential treatment by locals based on the closeness of their facial features to the host average. Residents of Türkiye, the country with the largest number of refugees currently, served as participants. Because many of these refugees are of Arabic origin, we created target facial stimuli varying along the axis connecting Turkish and Arabic morphological prototypes (excluding skin colour) computed using geometric morphometrics and available databases. Participants made judgements of two universal dimensions of social perception-warmth and competence-on these faces. We predicted that participants judging faces manipulated towards the Turkish average would provide higher warmth and competence ratings compared to judging the same faces manipulated towards the Arabic average. Bayesian statistical tools were employed to estimate parameter values in multilevel models with intercorrelated varying effects. The findings did not support the prediction and revealed raters (as well as target faces) to be an important source of variation in social judgements. In the absence of simple cues (e.g. skin colour, group labels), the effect of facial morphology on social judgements may be much more complex than previously assumed.

• MeSH
• Bayes Theorem MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Judgment * MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Face anatomy & histology   MeSH
• Facial Recognition physiology   MeSH
• Social Perception * MeSH
• Stereotyping * MeSH
• Refugees psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Turkey MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: En bloc sacrectomy is associated with sacral root transection causing loss of urinary bladder, rectum, and sexual function. The aim of the study was to determine the position of the pudendal branches (sensorimotor) and pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic) on the sacral roots relative to the sacrum, and the minimal and maximal defects in the sacral roots that can be reconstructed by grafting after various types of sacrectomy. METHODS: Five cadaveric pelves were dissected bilaterally. The lengths and widths of the S1-S4 roots and their branches were measured. Then, the minimal and maximal defects between the proximal and distal stumps of the sacrificed roots were measured following 3 models of sacrectomy (below S2, below S1, and total sacrectomy). RESULTS: The mean distance of the splanchnic nerves from the S2 and S3 anterior sacral foramina was 17.7 ± 7.3 and 23.6 ± 11.1 mm, respectively, and the mean distance of the pudendal S2 and S3 branches was 36.8 ± 13.7 and 30.2 ± 10.8 mm, respectively. The mean widths of the S2 and S3 roots were 9.3 ± 1.9 and 5.4 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. The mean maximal defects in S2 and S3 roots after various types of sacrectomies were between 61.8 ± 16.3 and 100.7 ± 14.3 mm and between 62.7 ± 20.2 and 84.7 ± 25.1 mm, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between sides or sexes for all obtained measurements. CONCLUSION: The reconstruction of the S2-S3 roots is anatomically feasible after partial or total sacrectomies in which the resection of the soft tissue does not extend further than approximately 1.5 to 2 cm ventrally from the sacrum.

• MeSH
• Sacrum * surgery   anatomy & histology   innervation   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Spinal Nerve Roots * anatomy & histology   surgery   MeSH
• Cadaver * MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Splanchnic Nerves anatomy & histology   surgery   MeSH
• Plastic Surgery Procedures methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Model and the various psychometric instruments developed and validated based on this model are well established in clinical and research settings. However, evidence regarding the psychometric validity, reliability, and equivalence across multiple countries of residence, languages, or gender identities, including gender-diverse individuals, is lacking to date. Using data from the International Sex Survey (N = 82,243), confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance analyses were performed on the preestablished five-factor structure of the 20-item short version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale to examine whether (a) psychometric validity and reliability and (b) psychometric equivalence hold across 34 country-of-residence-related, 22 language-related, and three gender-identity-related groups. The results of the present study extend the latter psychometric instrument's well-established relevance to 26 countries, 13 languages, and three gender identities. Most notably, psychometric validity and reliability were evidenced across nine novel translations included in the present study (i.e., Croatian, English, German, Hebrew, Korean, Macedonian, Polish, Portuguese-Portugal, and Spanish-Latin American) and psychometric equivalence was evidenced across all three gender identities included in the present study (i.e., women, men, and gender-diverse individuals).

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
• Gender Identity * MeSH
• Impulsive Behavior * MeSH
• Language MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Psychometrics MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Cross-Cultural Comparison MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Validation Study MeSH

Cíl: Naším cílem bylo zhodnotit využitelnost hladiny kisspeptinu (KP) v séru, měřeného v I. trimestru (11–14 týdnu), jako nového biomarkeru, který může predikovat prenatální komplikace. Materiály a metody: Prospektivní případová kontrolní studie prospektivně shromážděných dat. Vzorky krve všech pacientek (n = 124) byly uchovány při –70 °C pro stanovení hladin KP-10 a KP-54 v séru. Byly stanoveny a srovnány hladiny KP u žen, u kterých došlo ke komplikacím vč. retardace růstu plodu (FGR – fetal growth retardation), těhotenstvím indukované hypertenze (PIH – pregnancy-induced hypertension), předčasného porodu, gestačního diabetu a úmrtí plodu. Kontrolní skupinu tvořily odpovídající subjekty, které dokončily těhotenství bez problémů. Byl zkoumán prediktivní účinek hladiny KP v séru na nepříznivé výsledky těhotenství. Výsledky: Mezi všemi pacientkami s nepříznivými výsledky těhotenství byla hladina KP-10 významně vyšší u těch, u kterých došlo k FGR (p = 0,025). V kohortě pacientek postižených těhotenstvím indukovanou hypertenzí (PIH), buď samotnou nebo doprovázenou preeklampsií, byla zaznamenána tendence k vyšším hladinám KP-10 (p = 0,059), ačkoli nebylo dosaženo statistické významnosti. Nicméně pokud jde o KP-10, vypočtená cutoff hodnota a plocha pod křivkou (AUC – area under the curve) pro predikci nástupu FGR byly statisticky významné (AUC: 0,684; p = 0,006). Bylo zjištěno, že model vytvořený s KP-10, PIH a plazmatickým proteinem A spojeným s těhotenstvím (PAPP-A) je významný při predikci vývoje FGR (p = 0,006; NPV: 98 %; PPV: 21,4 %; OR: 0,10; 95% CI 0,016–0,611). Závěry: Hladiny KP v séru matky v I. trimestru mohou být využity jako biomarker v I. trimestru, který může predikovat vývoj FGR.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of serum kisspeptin (KP), measured in the 1st trimester (11–14 weeks), as a new biomarker that can predict antenatal complications. Materials and methods: A prospective case-control study of prospectively collected data. Blood samples of all patients (N = 124) were preserved at –70 °C for the assessment of serum KP-10 and KP-54 levels. The KP levels were analyzed for comparison among women who experienced complications including fetal growth retardation (FGR), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), preterm delivery, gestational diabetes, and fetal death. The control group consisted of matching subjects who completed their pregnancies without problems. The predictive effect of serum KP on adverse pregnancy outcomes was investigated. Results: Among all adverse pregnancy outcomes, the KP-10 level was significantly higher in patients who developed FGR (P = 0.025). In the patient cohort affected by PIH, either accompanied by preeclampsia or standalone, there was a trend towards higher KP-10 levels (P = 0.059), although statistical significance was not achieved. However, regarding KP-10, the calculated cut-off value and the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting the onset of FGR were statistically significant (AUC: 0.684; P = 0.006). The model established with KP-10, PIH, and pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) was found to be significant in predicting the development of FGR (P = 0.006; NPV: 98%; PPV: 21.4%; OR: 0.10; 95% CI 0.016–0.611). Conclusions: First trimester maternal serum KP levels may have the potential to be used as a 1st trimester biomarker that can predict the development of FGR.

Cognitive flexibility (CF) is the ability to adapt cognitive strategies according to the changing environment. The deficit in CF has often been linked to various neurological and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. However, the operationalization and assessment of CF have not been unified and the current research suggests that the available instruments measure different aspects of CF. The main objective of the present study was to compare three frequently used neuropsychological measures of CF-Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) in a population of patients (N = 220) with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders in order to evaluate their convergent validity. The hypothesis of an underlying latent construct was tested via a confirmatory factor analysis. We used a one-factor CF model with scores from WCST, SCWT and TMT as observed variables. The established model showed a good fit to the data (χ2 = 1.67, p = 0.43, SRMR = 0.02, RMSEA = 0.0, CFI = 1.00). The highest factor loading was found in WCST as CF explained most of the variance in this neuropsychological measure compared to the other instruments. On the other hand, a TMT ratio index and a SCWT interference demonstrated lowest loadings in the model. The findings suggest that not all the frequently used measures share an underlying factor of CF or may capture different aspects of this construct.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Executive Function * physiology   MeSH
• Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction * etiology   diagnosis   physiopathology   MeSH
• Cognitive Flexibility MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests * standards   MeSH
• Psychometrics MeSH
• Schizophrenic Psychology * MeSH
• Schizophrenia * complications   physiopathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH