Plot, J*
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The increase in farm plot size is one of the most apparent and significant trends that have influenced central and eastern European agricultural landscapes since the 1950s. In many countries where the average plot size in traditional land-use systems did not exceed several hectares, present-day plots reach the size of 200 ha or more. In recent times, efforts have been made to reverse this trend to restore important ecosystem functions and to re-establish the aesthetic values of everyday landscapes. Visual landscape quality is becoming a major driving force in the development of agricultural landscapes with known effects on people's well-being and health, and this quality plays an increasingly important role in agricultural policies. However, no comprehensive research has been carried out to establish the links between perceived visual landscape quality and the scale of the farm plot pattern. The current study was therefore designed to determine whether greater farmland pattern heterogeneity, i.e., smaller farm plot sizes, is consistent with higher visual preferences. The results showed that people preferred a small-scale plot pattern in landscapes characterized by a flat relief and a low proportion of woody vegetation. These homogeneous landscapes were also overall considered significantly less beautiful than more diverse landscapes. However, even a moderate decrease in plot size notably improved these low beauty scores. These preferences were displayed consistently by all respondents, and most strongly by older respondents, respondents with a higher level of education, and those professionally engaged in landscape design or conservation. The high level of consensus among respondents in rejecting further land consolidation in homogeneous landscapes, which form a large proportion of European farmland, underlines that the results of this study provide a valid argument for discussing sustainable agricultural plot sizes as part of agricultural policy-making.
- MeSH
- dřevo MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- farmy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vytváření politiky MeSH
- zachování přírodních zdrojů metody MeSH
- zemědělství * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- fyziologie metody MeSH
- nelineární dynamika MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Although the key role of imagination in relation to the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is well known we practically do not encounter it in research on creativity. However, the starting point of our qualitative-oriented research is 500 stories created based on TAT, which was openly presented to the participants as a creativity test where imagination knows no bounds. The target group was 50 various artists - musicians and visual artists. Their narratives were then subjected to qualitative analysis in order to capture and identify factors that may indicate the author’s creativity. We focused on both content and formal aspects of stories. The aim was to create categories that could manifest certain aspects of creativity embedded in the narratives. The individual criteria emerged from the data themselves but are also supported by theory. In the article, we will introduce one of them, namely unexpected twists.
- MeSH
- baroreflex fyziologie MeSH
- biomedicínské inženýrství metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- interval spolehlivosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová grafika MeSH
- počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
- statistika jako téma metody normy MeSH
- stochastické procesy MeSH
- zobrazování dat MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The SD1 and SD2 indexes (standard deviations in two orthogonal directions of the Poincaré plot) carry similar information to the spectral density power of the high and low frequency bands but have the advantage of easier calculation and lesser stationarity dependence. METHODS: ECG signals from metabolic syndrome (MetS) and control group patients during tilt table test under controlled breathing (20 breaths/minute) were obtained. SD1, SD2, SDRR (standard deviation of RR intervals) and RMSSD (root mean square of successive differences of RR intervals) were evaluated for 31 control group and 33 MetS subjects. RESULTS: Statistically significant lower values were observed in MetS patients in supine position (SD1: p=0.03, SD2: p=0.002, SDRR: p=0.006, RMSSD: p=0.01) and during tilt (SD2: p=0.004, SDRR: p=0.007). CONCLUSION: SD1 and SD2 combining the advantages of time and frequency domain methods, distinguish successfully between MetS and control subjects.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- diagnóza počítačová MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektrokardiografie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- oscilometrie metody MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- srdeční arytmie diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Research on canopy arthropods has progressed from species inventories to the study of their interactions and networks, enhancing our understanding of how hyper-diverse communities are maintained. Previous studies often focused on sampling individual tree species, individual trees or their parts. We argue that such selective sampling is not ideal when analyzing interaction network structure, and may lead to erroneous conclusions. We developed practical and reproducible sampling guidelines for the plot-based analysis of arthropod interaction networks in forest canopies. Our sampling protocol focused on insect herbivores (leaf-chewing insect larvae, miners and gallers) and non-flying invertebrate predators (spiders and ants). We quantitatively sampled the focal arthropods from felled trees, or from trees accessed by canopy cranes or cherry pickers in 53 0.1 ha forest plots in five biogeographic regions, comprising 6,280 trees in total. All three methods required a similar sampling effort and provided good foliage accessibility. Furthermore, we compared interaction networks derived from plot-based data to interaction networks derived from simulated non-plot-based data focusing either on common tree species or a representative selection of tree families. All types of non-plot-based data showed highly biased network structure towards higher connectance, higher web asymmetry, and higher nestedness temperature when compared with plot-based data. Furthermore, some types of non-plot-based data showed biased diversity of the associated herbivore species and specificity of their interactions. Plot-based sampling thus appears to be the most rigorous approach for reconstructing realistic, quantitative plant-arthropod interaction networks that are comparable across sites and regions. Studies of plant interactions have greatly benefited from a plot-based approach and we argue that studies of arthropod interactions would benefit in the same way. We conclude that plot-based studies on canopy arthropods would yield important insights into the processes of interaction network assembly and dynamics, which could be maximised via a coordinated network of plot-based study sites.
- MeSH
- členovci fyziologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita * MeSH
- larva fyziologie MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- rostliny parazitologie MeSH
- stromy parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
Autoři předkládají kazuistiku 90leté polymorbidní pacientky primárně hospitalizované pro poruchu vědomí multifaktoriální etiologie, její spolupodílející se příčina byla respirační insuficience při parciální obstrukci dýchacích cest retrosternální strumou. Byla nutná tracheální intubace a umělá plicní ventilace. Přes nejednotné názory zdravotníků na indikaci radikálního chirurgického výkonu u vysoce rizikové pacientky bylo k tomuto nakonec přistoupeno a řešení se ukázalo jako správné. Pacientka byla po odstranění útlaku dýchacích cest odpojena od umělé plicní ventilace a propuštěna domů. S odstupem několika měsíců jsou stav pacientky i kvalita života velmi dobré.
Case report of 90 years old woman with concomitant diseases admitted to the hospital for multifactorial etiology unconsciousness. One of causes was respiratory failure by partial airway obstruction with retrosternal goitre. Tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were necessary. After the discussion of health caregivers about radical surgical procedure in high risk patient the total thyroidectomy was performed. After obstruction removal was patient disconnected from artificial ventilation and discharged from the hospital. With hindsight of few months are state of health and quality of life good.
- MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obstrukce dýchacích cest * chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- poruchy vědomí * MeSH
- respirační insuficience * etiologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- struma * chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- tracheotomie MeSH
- tyreoidektomie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
