- MeSH
- laryngální masky klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- plicní surfaktanty * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- plicní ventilace MeSH
- syndrom dechové tísně diagnóza farmakoterapie ošetřování MeSH
- syndrom respirační tísně novorozenců * diagnóza farmakoterapie ošetřování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- infekce respiračními syncytiálními viry * diagnóza epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- kazuistiky jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenci extrémně nezralí * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- palivizumab farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- plicní ventilace MeSH
- preexpoziční profylaxe klasifikace metody MeSH
- ribavirin farmakokinetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Acquiring pulmonary circulation parameters as a potential marker of cardiopulmonary function is not new. Methods to obtain these parameters have been developed over time, with the latest being first-pass perfusion sequences in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Even though more data on these parameters has been recently published, different nomenclature and acquisition methods are used across studies; some works even reported conflicting data. The most commonly used circulation parameters obtained using CMR include pulmonary transit time (PTT) and pulmonary transit beats (PTB). PTT is the time needed for a contrast agent (typically gadolinium-based) to circulate from the right ventricle (RV) to the left ventricle (LV). PTB is the number of cardiac cycles the process takes. Some authors also include corrected heart rate (HR) versions along with standard PTT. Besides other methods, CMR offers an option to assess stress circulation parameters, but data are minimal. This review aims to summarize the up-to-date findings and provide an overview of the latest progress on this promising, dynamically evolving topic.
INTRODUCTION: Most patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) treated with antifibrotics (AF) have progressive disease despite treatment. A switch of AF may improve survival, but evidence from randomised controlled trials is missing. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an AF switch on survival and FVC decline in patients from the European MultiPartner IPF registry (EMPIRE). METHODS: The study included 612 patients who discontinued the first antifibrotic therapy. Patients were grouped and analysed from two perspectives: (1) whether they had received a second antifibrotic treatment after the discontinuation of the first therapy, and (2) a reason for discontinuation of the first AF - "lack of efficacy" (LE) and "intolerance" (INT). RESULTS: While 263 (43%) of 612 patients received no second AF ("non-switched"), 349 (57%) patients switched. Overall survival was higher in patients who received a second AF (median 50 vs. 29 months; adjusted HR 0.64, P=0.023). Similarly, the annual FVC decline was significantly reduced in switched patients: -98ml/y in switched and -172ml/y in non-switched patients (P=0.023), respectively. The switched patients had similar risk for mortality in both LE and INT groups (adjusted HR 0.95, P=0.85). The high impact of switching on survival was demonstrated in LE patients (adjusted HR 0.27, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The patients without a second AF had significantly shorter overall survival. Our analysis suggests the importance of switching patients with an ineffective first AF therapy to a second AF therapy.
BACKGROUND: The study aimed to analyze the effect of respiratory muscle endurance training (RMT) on performance and respiratory function in professional road cyclists during the off-season period. METHODS: Twenty professional road cyclists from the Czech Republic were divided into the control (CON) (N.=10) and the RMT (N.=10) groups. Cyclists from the RMT group accomplished 30 sessions over 10 weeks. Performance in the incremental cycling test and respiratory capacity via test were assessed before and after 10 weeks in both groups. The comparison between and within the groups was performed, together with effect size and delta % (P<0.05). RESULTS: Significant effects on respiratory function during the exercise, on lung volume utilization at 90% of VO
- MeSH
- cyklistika fyziologie MeSH
- dechová cvičení metody MeSH
- dýchací svaly fyziologie MeSH
- dýchání MeSH
- fyzická vytrvalost * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- vytrvalostní trénink * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Understanding the mechanics of the respiratory system is crucial for optimizing ventilator settings and ensuring patient safety. While simple models of the respiratory system typically consider only flow resistance and lung compliance, lung tissue resistance is usually neglected. This study investigated the effect of lung tissue viscoelasticity on delivered mechanical power in a physical model of the respiratory system and the possibility of distinguishing tissue resistance from airway resistance using proximal pressure measured at the airway opening. Three different configurations of a passive physical model of the respiratory system representing different mechanical properties (Tissue resistance model, Airway resistance model, and No-resistance model) were tested. The same volume-controlled ventilation and parameters were set for each configuration, with only the inspiratory flow rates being adjusted. Pressure and flow were measured with a Datex-Ohmeda S/5 vital signs monitor (Datex-Ohmeda, Madison, WI, USA). Tissue resistance was intentionally tuned so that peak pressures and delivered mechanical energy measured at airway opening were similar in Tissue and Airway Resistance models. However, measurements inside the artificial lung revealed significant differences, with Tissue resistance model yielding up to 20% higher values for delivered mechanical energy. The results indicate the need to revise current methods of calculating mechanical power delivery, which do not distinguish between tissue resistance and airway flow resistance, making it difficult to evaluate and interpret the significance of mechanical power delivery in terms of lung ventilation protectivity.
Proteins from the Bcl-2 family play an essential role in the regulation of apoptosis. However, they also possess cell death-unrelated activities that are less well understood. This prompted us to study apoptosis-unrelated activities of the Bax and Bak, pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. We prepared Bax/Bak-deficient human cancer cells of different origin and found that while respiration in the glioblastoma U87 Bax/Bak-deficient cells was greatly enhanced, respiration of Bax/Bak-deficient B lymphoma HBL-2 cells was slightly suppressed. Bax/Bak-deficient U87 cells also proliferated faster in culture, formed tumours more rapidly in mice, and showed modulation of metabolism with a considerably increased NAD+/NADH ratio. Follow-up analyses documented increased/decreased expression of mitochondria-encoded subunits of respiratory complexes and stabilization/destabilization of the mitochondrial transcription elongation factor TEFM in Bax/Bak-deficient U87 and HBL-2 cells, respectively. TEFM downregulation using shRNAs attenuated mitochondrial respiration in Bax/Bak-deficient U87 as well as in parental HBL-2 cells. We propose that (post)translational regulation of TEFM levels in Bax/Bak-deficient cells modulates levels of subunits of mitochondrial respiratory complexes that, in turn, contribute to respiration and the accompanying changes in metabolism and proliferation in these cells.
- MeSH
- apoptóza * genetika MeSH
- dýchání MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondrie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- protein Bak * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- protein X asociovaný s bcl-2 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The dominant feature of COVID-19-associated ARDS is gas exchange impairment. Extravascular lung water index is a surrogate for lung edema and reflects the level of alveolocapillary disruption. The primary aim was the prediction of extravascular lung water index by the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference. The secondary aims were in determining the relationship between the extravascular lung water index and other oxygenation parameters, the [Formula: see text], end-tidal oxygen concentration, pulmonary oxygen gradient ([Formula: see text] minus end-tidal oxygen concentration), and [Formula: see text]. METHODS: This observational prospective single-center study was performed at the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, The University Hospital in Ostrava, The Czech Republic, during the COVID-19 pandemic, from March 20, 2020, until May 24, 2021. RESULTS: The relationship between the extravascular lung water index and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference showed only a mild-to-moderate correlation (r = 0.33, P < .001). Other extravascular lung water index correlations were as follows: [Formula: see text] (r = 0.33, P < .001), end-tidal oxygen concentration (r = 0.26, P = .0032), [Formula: see text] minus end-tidal oxygen concentration (r = 0.15, P = .0624), and [Formula: see text] (r = -0.15, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: The alveolar-arterial oxygen difference does not reliably correlate with the extravascular lung water index and the degree of lung edema in COVID-19-associated ARDS.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- extravaskulární plicní voda * metabolismus MeSH
- kyslík * metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plicní alveoly * metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- plicní edém etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- syndrom dechové tísně * patofyziologie etiologie MeSH
- výměna plynů v plicích MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dýchání MeSH
- dyspnoe diagnóza etiologie klasifikace patofyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Úvod: Mukociliárny klírens predstavuje dôležitý obranný mechanizmus dýchacích ciest. Výsledky viacerých prác naznačujú, že gastroezofágový reflux sa môže podieľať na zhoršovaní mukociliárneho klírensu, čo by mohlo viesť k laryngofaryngeálnym refluxným symptómom vrátane recidivujúcich infekcií dýchacích ciest. Preto sme sa rozhodli stanoviť frekvenciu kinematiky cílií epitelu horných dýchacích ciest u pacientov s laryngofaryngeálnym refluxom. Materiál a metódy: Zaradili sme 23 pacientov s laryngofaryngeálnymi refluxnými symptómami. Kontrolnú skupinu tvorilo 9 zdravých dobrovoľníkov. Pacientov sme zaradili na základe pozitivity dotazníka reflux symptom index (RSI > 13 bodov), bez terapie inhibítormi protónovej pumpy. Zrealizovali sme nazofaryngeálny ster a zhodnotili frekvenciu kmitania cílií respiračného epitelu pomocou vysokorýchlostnej videomikroskopie a špeciálneho softvéru Ciliary analysis. Hodnoty frekvencie kinematiky cílií sme porovnali s hodnotami u zdravej populácie. Výsledky: Stanovili sme medián, maximálnu a minimálnu hodnotu ciliárnej frekvencie. Medián ciliárnej frekvencie u zdravých dobrovoľníkov bol signifikantne vyšší ako u pacientov s laryngofaryngeálnou refluxnou symptomatológiou (10,86 ± 1,67 vs. 6,6 ± 2,2; p < 0,001). Maximálna frekvencia bola taktiež signifikantne vyššia u zdravých dobrovoľníkov v porovnaní s pacientami (17,9 ± 0,95 vs. 15,3 ± 2,39; p < 0,001). Hodnota minimálnej frekvencie bola bez signifikantného rozdielu. Korelačná analýza ukázala inverznú koreláciu medzi hodnotou mediánu ciliárnej frekvencie respiračného epitelu a symptómami LPR (hodnotou RSI) (p < 0,04). Záver: Pacienti s laryngofaryngeálnymi refluxnými symptómami majú nižšiu frekvenciu kinematiky cílií v porovnaní so zdravými dobrovoľníkmi. Miera poruchy kinematiky koreluje s mierou ich laryngofaryngeálnych symptómov. Sú potrebné ďalšie štúdie na priamy dôkaz účasti gastroezofágového refluxu v zhoršenom mukociliárnom klírense.
Introduction: Mucociliary clearance represents an important protective mechanism of the respiratory tract. Results of multiple studies indicate that gastroesophageal reflux can participate in worsening mucociliary clearance leading to laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms including recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Thereby, we decided to provide ciliary beat frequency of the upper respiratory tract epithelium in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux. Materials and methods: We enrolled 23 patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms. Control group consisted of 9 healthy volunteers. Patients were enrolled upon a positive questionnaire reflux symptom index (RSI >13 points), with no proton pump inhibitor treatment. We obtained a nasopharyngeal swab and evaluated ciliary beat frequency of the respiratory epithelium using highspeed videomicroscopy and special sofware Ciliary Analysis. We compared the values of ciliary beat frequency with values from healthy volunteers. Results: We provided median, minimal and maximum values of ciliary beat frequency. Median ciliary beat frequency in healthy volunteers was significantly higher than in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux symptomatology (10.86 ± 1.67 vs. 6.6 ± 2.2; P <0.001). Maximum ciliary beat frequency was also significantly higher in healthy volunteers than in patients with LPR (17.9 ± 0.95 vs. 15.3 ± 2.39; P <0.001). Minimal value had no significant difference. Correlation analysis showed an inverse correlation between median ciliary beat frequency of the respiratory epithelium and LPR symptoms (RSI value) (P <0.04). Conclusion: Patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms had lower ciliary beat frequency compared to healthy volunteers. The degree of frequency defect correlates with the degree of their laryngopharyngeal symptoms. More studies are needed to confirm direct evidence of gastroesophageal reflux etiology in mucociliary clearance worsening.
