OBJECTIVES: To provide a contemporary statement on focal therapy (FT) for localised prostate cancer (PCa) from an international and diverse group of physicians treating localised PCa, with the aim of overcoming the limitations of previous consensus statements, which were restricted to early adopters, and to offer direction regarding the various aspects of FT application that are currently not well defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The FocAL therapy CONsensus (FALCON) project began with a 154-item online survey, developed following a steering committee discussion and literature search. Invitations to participate were extended to a large, diverse group of professionals experienced in PCa management. From 2022 to 2023, a Delphi consensus study consisting of three online rounds was conducted using the Modified Delphi method. A 1-9 Likert scale was used for the survey, which was followed by an in-person expert meeting. The threshold for achieving consensus was set at 70% agreement/disagreement. Six main aspects of FT were covered: (i) patient selection; (ii) energy source selection; (iii) treatment approach; (iv) treatment evaluation and follow-up; (v) treatment cost and accessibility; and (vi) future perspectives. RESULTS: Of 246 initial participants, 148 (60%) completed all three rounds. Based on participant feedback, 27 new statements were added in the second round, and 33 questions related to personal expertise, for which consensus was not necessary, were excluded. After the third and final round, consensus had not been reached for 69 items. These items were discussed at the in-person meeting, resulting in a consensus of 57 additional items. Consensus was finally not reached on 12 items. Given the volume of data, the voting outcomes are summarised in this article, with a detailed breakdown presented in the form of figures and tables. CONCLUSIONS: The FALCON project delivered a significant consensus on the approach to FT for localised PCa. Additionally, it highlighted gaps in our knowledge that may provide guidance for future research.

• MeSH
• ablace * metody   MeSH
• delfská metoda MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prostaty * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• výběr pacientů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Two new single-family houses identified as insufficient with regard to existing radon barrier efficiency, have been selected for further examination. A complex set of radon diagnosis procedures has been applied in order to localise and quantify radon entry pathways into the indoor environment. Independent assessment of radon entry rate and air exchange rate has been carried out using the continuous indoor radon measurement and a specific tracer gas application. Simultaneous assessment of these key determining factors has turned out to be absolutely crucial in the context of major cause identification of elevated indoor radon concentration.

• MeSH
• bydlení MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• radioaktivní znečištění ovzduší prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• radon MeSH
• software MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• větrání MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Krvácení do dolní části trávicího traktu je definováno jako krvácení, jehož zdroj je lokalizován distálně od duodenojejunálního přechodu. Incidence je 20-30/100 000 obyvatel ročně. Krvácení může být akutní nebo chronické, viditelné či okultní, těžké s projevy oběhové nestability nebo lehké, často se spontánní zástavou. Hlavní význam pro efektivitu léčby mají po oběhové stabilizaci nemocného včasná lokalizace zdroje krvácení a jeho ošetření. Ideální metodou je endoskopie. V případě jejího selhání užíváme postupů rentgenologických nebo chirurgických.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is defined as bleeding which has its source localised distally from the duodenojejunal junction. Its annual incidence is 20-30 cases per 100 000 people. The bleeding can be acute or chronic, visible or occult, heavy, with symptoms of overall circulatory problems or mild, stopping spontaneously. The key to effective treatment is stabilising patient‘s circulation, followed by timely localisation of the source of the bleeding and its treatment. Endoscopy is the ideal method to accomplish this task. In case of its failure, radiologic and surgical procedures are implemented.

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dolní gastrointestinální trakt * patologie   MeSH
• endoskopie trávicího systému metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• gastrointestinální krvácení * diagnóza   etiologie   chirurgie   klasifikace   radiografie   MeSH
• kolonoskopie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• meléna diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• okultní krev MeSH
• radioisotopová scintigrafie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The aim of this overview article is to present the current possibilities of radionuclide scintigraphic small intestine imaging. Nuclear medicine has a few methods-scintigraphy with red blood cells labelled by means of (99m)Tc for detection of the source of bleeding in the small intestine, Meckel's diverticulum scintigraphy for detection of the ectopic gastric mucosa, radionuclide somatostatin receptor imaging for carcinoid, and radionuclide inflammation imaging. Video capsule or deep enteroscopy is the method of choice for detection of most lesions in the small intestine. Small intestine scintigraphies are only a complementary imaging method and can be successful, for example, for the detection of the bleeding site in the small intestine, ectopic gastric mucosa, carcinoid and its metastasis, or inflammation. Radionuclide scintigraphic small intestine imaging is an effective imaging modality in the localisation of small intestine lesions for patients in whom other diagnostic tests have failed to locate any lesions or are not available.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Inspired by local outbreaks of campylobacteriosis in the Czech Republic in 2010 linked to the debate about alleged health risks of the raw milk consumption, a detailed study was carried out. Firstly, scanning was utilised to identify spatio-temporal clusters of the disease from 2008 to 2012. Then a spatial method (geographical profiling originally developed for criminology) served as assessment in selecting fresh-milk vending machines that could have contributed to some of the local campylobacteriosis outbreaks. Even though an area of increased relative risk of the disease was identified in the affected city of České Budějovice during January and February 2010, geoprofiling did not identify any vending machines in the area as the potential source. However, possible sources in some nearby cities were suggested. Overall, 14 high-rate clusters including the localisation of 9% of the vending machines installed in the Czech Republic were found in the period 2008-2012. Although the vending machines are subject to strict hygiene standards and regular testing, a potential link between a small number of them and the spatial distribution of campylobacteriosis has been detected in the Czech Republic. This should be taken into account in public health research of the disease.

• MeSH
• časoprostorová analýza * MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
• kampylobakterové infekce epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mléko mikrobiologie   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• prodejní automaty na potraviny * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analysed by reversed-phase HPLC coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) mass spectrometry. The chromatographic separations of the FAMEs were optimised using acetonitrile or binary acetonitrile gradients and C18 or C30 columns. The gas-phase reactions of acetonitrile and unsaturated FAMEs in the APCI source provided [M+C(3)H(5)N](+·) adducts. When fragmented, these adducts yielded diagnostic ions, allowing the unambiguous localisation of double bonds. The formation and fragmentation of the acetonitrile-related adduct was utilised for the structural characterisation of the FAMEs separated by HPLC. The APCI-MS detection of FAMEs encompassed a full-spectrum scan (providing information on the number of carbons and double bonds) and a data-dependent MS/MS scan of the [M+C(3)H(5)N](+·) ions (the position of the double bonds). The utility of this approach was demonstrated using a mixture of FAMEs from blackcurrant-seed oil. All the unsaturated fatty acids known to exist in the sample were correctly identified and several others were newly discovered. In terms of sensitivity, HPLC/APCI-MS appeared to be comparable to GC/EI-MS.

• MeSH
• chromatografie s reverzní fází MeSH
• kyseliny linolenové chemie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin chemie   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Malígny fibrózny histiocytóm (MFH) patrí medzi zriedkavé zhubné ochorenia srdca a aorty. Symptomatológia ochorenia závisí od lokalizácie, veľkosti, stupňa invazivity a tvorby metastáz. V literárnych zdrojoch nachádzame pomerne málo prípadov akútnej embolizácie tumoróznych más do arteriálneho systému viscerálnych a končatinových tepien. V prezentovanej kazuistike popisujeme prípad pacienta s akútnou ischémiou oboch dolných končatín, ktorej príčinou boli tromboembolické masy s bunkami malígneho fibrózneho histiocytómu. Tento nádor má v literárnych zdrojoch popisovanú nepriaznivú prognózu, čo potvrdzuje aj tento prípad.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) represents a rare malignant affection of heart and aorta. Its clinical presentation depends on the localisation, size, degree of invasion and metastasis. Previously, relatively few cases of acute tumour mass embolisation into the visceral and limb arterial system were described in the literature. In the present case study we describe a case of acute ischemia of both lower extremities caused by thromboembolic mass of MFH cells. According to literary sources this tumour type is characterized by poor prognosis as it was in the case of our patient.

• MeSH
• amputace MeSH
• balónková embolektomie MeSH
• časná diagnóza MeSH
• dialýza ledvin MeSH
• dolní končetina diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• dvanáctníkové vředy MeSH
• fasciotomie MeSH
• fatální výsledek MeSH
• hypertenze MeSH
• ischemie diagnostické zobrazování   diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• maligní fibrózní histiocytom * diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• nefrolitiáza MeSH
• respirační insuficience MeSH
• trombektomie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Cíl: Autoři prezentují retrospektivní analýzu embolizační léčby krvácení do dolního zažívacího traktu zjednoho centra za období 15 let. Metodika: Od roku 2006 do roku 2019 bylo indikováno celkem u 57 pacientů (32 mužů a 25 žen průměrného věku 68,4 roků, od 32 do 91 let) k viscerální angiografii s cílem lokalizovat místo krvácení a pomocí katetrizace koaxiálním mikrokatétrem provést selektivní embolizaci. Byli indikováni pacienti s hemodynamicky významným krvácením, které nebylo možné zastavit pomocí medikamentózní a endoskopické léčby. Místo krvácení bylo prokázáno v povodí jejunáIních, ileálních a kolických tepen, určeno pomocí CTA, v oblasti sigmoideálních tepen a rekta se více uplatnila koloskopie. Výsledky: Embolizace byla provedena u 38 pacientů z 57 (67 %). Devatenáct (33 %) pacientů nebylo embolizováno, protože nebyl prokázán extravazát, a z toho u tří pacientů (5 %) nebylo možné při angiografické lokalizaci krvácející patologie z technických důvodů provést selektivní katetrizaci a embolizaci. Tito pacienti byli léčeni chirurgicky. Angiografie byla opakována u tří (5%) embolizovaných, z toho u dvou pro jiný zdroj krvácení a u jednoho pro tentýž zdroj. Nejčastěji byly embolizoványjejuná lni tepny, každá ze tří kolických tepen byla embolizována stejně často. Nejčastěji byly k embolizaci použity mikročástice, pak akrylátové embolizační činidlo. Pro embolizaci vnitřních iliackých tepen byla použita želatinová pěna. Závěr: Studie prokázala, že pokud je anatomicky určeno místo extravazace - ať již pomocí CTA, či endoskopicky - je u hemodynamicky významného krvácení do dolního zaživa čího traktu neprodleně provedená angiografie a selektivní embolizace účinnou léčbou.

Purpose: A retrospective analysis of transcatheter embolotherapy of the lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage is given from one center from period of 15 years. Methods: Totally 57 patients (32 men, and 25 women of mean age of 68,4 years (ranged from 32 to 91 years) were referred to visceral angiography to localise extravasation and perform selective embolisation using a coaxial microcatheter. Only hemodynamically significant bleeding noncontrollable with full medicamentous and endoscopic therapy was indicated. Extravasations were localised with the CTA in territory of the jejuna I, ilea I and colic arteries, whilein sigmodealand rectal branches colonoscopy was dominant diagnostic method. Results: Embolisation was performed in 38 (67%) patients out of 57. Nineteen (33%) patients were not embolised because of unproved extravasation. Embolisation was not performed in three patients (5%) with proved angiographic pathology, whom were not possible due to anatomical and technical reasons to perform selective catheterisation. These patients were treated surgically. Angiography was repeated in three embolised patients. In two of them for further source of hemorrhage and in one (2%) for previously embolised pathology. The most often embolised arteries were jejunal branches, frequency of embolisation of the each from colic arteries was equal. The micro-particles were used most often, then acrylic embolic agent. The gelatin sponge was used in the territory of the intemaliliac arteries. Conclusion: The study revealed that anatomical localisation of extravasation or site of bleeding with CTA and/or endoscopically in a patient with lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding should lead as soon as possible to angiography and selective embolotherapy which is effective way to control such bleeding.

• MeSH
• CT angiografie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• extravazace diagnostických a terapeutických materiálů MeSH
• gastrointestinální krvácení diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• katetrizace MeSH
• kontrastní látky MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• okluze terapeutická metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• parenterální infuze MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a monogenetic autosomal-dominant disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms and is commonly associated with cognitive deficits. Patients with NF1 frequently exhibit cognitive impairments like attention problems, working memory deficits and dysfunctional inhibitory control. The latter is also relevant for the resolution of cognitive conflicts. However, it is unclear how conflict monitoring processes are modulated in NF1. To examine this question in more detail, we used a system neurophysiological approach combining high-density ERP recordings with source localisation analyses in juvenile patients with NF1 and controls during a flanker task. Behaviourally, patients with NF1 perform significantly slower than controls. Specifically on trials with incompatible flanker-target pairings, however, the patients with NF1 made significantly fewer errors than healthy controls. Yet, importantly, this overall successful conflict resolution was reached via two different routes in the two groups. The healthy controls seem to arrive at a successful conflict monitoring performance through a developing conflict recognition via the N2 accompanied by a selectively enhanced N450 activation in the case of perceived flanker-target conflicts. The presumed dopamine deficiency in the patients with NF1 seems to result in a reduced ability to process conflicts via the N2. However, NF1 patients show an increased N450 irrespective of cognitive conflict. Activation differences in the orbitofrontal cortex (BA11) and anterior cingulate cortex (BA24) underlie these modulations. Taken together, juvenile patients with NF1 and juvenile healthy controls seem to accomplish conflict monitoring via two different cognitive neurophysiological pathways.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• konflikt (psychologie) * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• neurofibromatóza 1 patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• reakční čas fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: An extraordinary incidence of genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD) appearing in clusters in the Slovak Republic was described in the 1990's. The aim of the study was to analyse data of CJD cases obtained from surveillance in Eastern Slovakia (ES) (2004-2016), the region outside the described geographical clusters. METHODS: The database set in the project was the source for epidemiological and clinical analysis of CJD cases. RESULTS: The incidence of CJD in ES (2004-2016) was 1.7/million person-years (95% CI 1-2.4); the incidence increase in the last five years (2012-2016) was comparable to the whole country. Twenty seven of 29 reported CJD cases were available for analysis (mean age 59 years, F/M 15/12). The proportion of gCJD (E200K mutation) cases remained dominant (78%), with 9 familiar cases originating in 4 families. Analysis of the clinical features revealed shorter duration of the symptomatic phase in sporadic CJD (sCJD) (3.4 months) versus gCJD (5.15 months). Cognitive/behavioural changes, insomnia, and sensory disturbance were more pronounced in the early symptoms of gCJD. Periodic EEG discharges were more frequent in sCJD (83%) than gCJD (56%), all 19 available MR findings were CJD specific and localisation of abnormalities varied amongst the CJD forms. CONCLUSIONS: The surveillance of CJD in ES (2004-2016) showed an increased incidence of CJD in ES, reaching the incidence rate of the whole country, with a permanent proportion of 70% gCJD cases based on the E200K mutation. Clinical, electrophysiological and MR features of sCJD and gCJD cases were in conformity with already published data. Epidemiological analysis of CJD in ES shows increasing detection of CJD but also suggests that current routine surveillance systems for CJD may underestimate the true burden of disease, especially sporadic cases in Slovakia.

• MeSH
• Creutzfeldtova-Jakobova nemoc diagnóza   epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• encefalopatie bovinní spongioformní * MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• priony genetika   MeSH
• rodokmen MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• skot MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH