Cévní mozková příhoda je jednou z nejčastějších příčin získané disability. Představuje závažný socioekonomický problém, který může mít závažný dopad na různé oblasti života. Včasná a dostatečně intenzivní rehabilitace po CMP významně přispívá k optimálním funkčním výsledkům a zlepšení kvality života pacientů. Nové neurorehabilitační přístupy založené na technologiích a virtuální realitě (VR) umožňují navrhnout individualizovaný intenzivní rehabilitační trénink a zlepšit motorické učení prostřednictvím multimodální zpětné vazby. Rehabilitace ve VR je vysoce motivující terapie s řadou výhod pro pacienta a zvyšuje také compliance pacienta k terapii. Představuje bezpečnou formu terapie a po náležitém edukování pacienta není nezbytně nutná fyzická přítomnost fyzioterapeuta. Díky tomu je možné využití VR v domácím cvičení a telerehabilitaci. Cílem tohoto přehledového článku je poskytnout aktuální poznatky a stručné informace o neurorehabilitaci po CMP založené na VR s důrazem na na MDR (medical device regulation) certifikovaný VR rehabilitační zdravotnický prostředek, který byl vyvinut ve spolupráci FN Ostrava a společnosti VR Life.

Stroke is one of the most common causes of acquired disability. It represents a major socio-economic problem that can have a serious impact on different areas of life. Early and sufficiently intensive rehabilitation after stroke contributes significantly to optimal functional outcomes and improves the quality of life of the patients. New neurorehabilitation approaches based on technology and virtual reality (VR) make it possible to design individualized intensive rehabilitation training and improve motor learning through multimodal feedback. Rehabilitation in VR is a highly motivating therapy with many benefits for the patient. It also increases patient compliance to therapy. It is a safe form of therapy and after proper education of the patient, the physical presence of a physiotherapist is not necessarily required. This makes the use of VR in home exercise and telerehabilitation possible. The aim of this review article is to provide up-to-date knowledge and brief information on VR-based neurorehabilitation after stroke, with emphasis on the medical device regulation (MDR)-certified VR interface, which was developed in collaboration between the University Hospital Ostrava and VR Life.

• MeSH
• činnosti denního života MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma metody   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurorehabilitace metody   MeSH
• rehabilitace po cévní mozkové příhodě * metody   MeSH
• virtuální realita * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The dominant technique for the identification of potential drugs is the physical screening of large libraries of chemicals against a biological target (high-throughput screening, HTS). An alternative approach, known as virtual screening, is designed to computationally screen large libraries of chemicals for compounds that complement targets of known structure and experimentally test those that are predicted to bind well. There are two broad categories of virtual screening techniques: the ligand-based and the structure-based approaches. Ligand-based methods use only the information about those ligands that are known to be active against a given target. Examples of ligand-based approaches are similarity search or pharmacophore modelling. Structure-based virtual screening requires the knowledge of 3D structure of target protein. A typical structure-based method is the so called docking that tries to predict the binding affinity between a ligand and its target. In this contribution, we provide an overview of both ligand- and structure-based virtual screening approaches and discuss their limitations in computer-aided molecular design. Selected methods are described in more detail in some other papers of this issue of Chemické listy.

• Klíčová slova
• virtuální screening, farmakoforové modelování, podobnostní vyhledávání, filtry,
• MeSH
• chemické databáze MeSH
• kvantitativní vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• objevování léků metody   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• racionální návrh léčiv * MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Virtual screening has become a successful alternative and complementary technique to experimental high-throughput screening technologies. This review summarizes major advantages of this approach. Current challenges of virtual screening, such as target flexibility, reverse screening and data mining are also presented. Examples of application of virtual screening in academic environment are given.

• MeSH
• akademie a ústavy organizace a řízení   trendy   využití   MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum metody   trendy   MeSH
• farmaceutický průmysl metody   přístrojové vybavení   trendy   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lékařská počítačová informatika trendy   využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• objevování léků MeSH
• plošný screening metody   přístrojové vybavení   trendy   MeSH
• racionální návrh léčiv MeSH
• výzkumné techniky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Education and learning are the most important goals of all universities. For this purpose, lecturers use various tools to grab the attention of students and improve their learning ability. Virtual reality refers to the subjective sensory experience of being immersed in a computer-mediated world, and has recently been implemented in learning environments. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a virtual reality condition on students' learning ability and physiological state. METHODS: Students were shown 6 sets of videos (3 videos in a two-dimensional condition and 3 videos in a three-dimensional condition), and their learning ability was analyzed based on a subsequent questionnaire. In addition, we analyzed the reaction of the brain and facial muscles of the students during both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional viewing conditions and used fractal theory to investigate their attention to the videos. RESULTS: The learning ability of students was increased in the three-dimensional condition compared to that in the two-dimensional condition. In addition, analysis of physiological signals showed that students paid more attention to the three-dimensional videos. CONCLUSIONS: A virtual reality condition has a greater effect on enhancing the learning ability of students. The analytical approach of this study can be further extended to evaluate other physiological signals of subjects in a virtual reality condition.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• učení fyziologie   MeSH
• virtuální realita * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Pharmacophore modeling is usually considered as a special type of virtual screening without probabilistic nature. Correspondence of at least one conformation of a molecule to pharmacophore is considered as evidence of its bioactivity. We show that pharmacophores can be treated as one-class machine learning models, and the probability the reflecting model's confidence can be assigned to a pharmacophore on the basis of their precision of active compounds identification on a calibration set. Two schemes (Max and Mean) of probability calculation for consensus prediction based on individual pharmacophore models were proposed. Both approaches to some extent correspond to commonly used consensus approaches like the common hit approach or the one based on a logical OR operation uniting hit lists of individual models. Unlike some known approaches, the proposed ones can rank compounds retrieved by multiple models. These approaches were benchmarked on multiple ChEMBL datasets used for ligand-based pharmacophore modeling and externally validated on corresponding DUD-E datasets. The influence of complexity of pharmacophores and their performance on a calibration set on results of virtual screening was analyzed. It was shown that Max and Mean approaches have superior early enrichment to the commonly used approaches. Thus, a well-performing, easy-to-implement, and probabilistic alternative to existing approaches for pharmacophore-based virtual screening was proposed.

• MeSH
• chemické modely MeSH
• léčivé přípravky analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• molekulární konformace MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• preklinické hodnocení léčiv metody   MeSH
• strojové učení MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Virtual microscopy, used as a method to teach histology, has many undeniable advantages. However, the usefulness of this method is somewhat limited by the difficulties students face in finding their way through huge amounts of digital data, compounded by decreased interaction between students and teachers. We describe the results of a recent pilot project which combined the modern teaching methods of active learning, where students themselves present histological slides and make use of the virtual microscopy system. METHODS: Students' responses to a structured questionnaire and examination results were evaluated. RESULTS: We found that a combination of both electronic materials and textbooks was commonly used by students to prepare for practical teaching sessions, with electronic resources being used regularly by the majority of students. No statistically relevant differences were found between the approaches of dentistry vs general medicine students. Cooperation between students' groups during the preparation for individual presentations was seen to be beneficial by a majority of dentistry students; they reported that the introduction of student-led presentations improved their quality of preparation for practical lessons, as well as increasing their participation and activity level in the lessons themselves. These different approaches and motivations between students of dentistry and general medicine are reflected in the test results where dentistry students are more successful. CONCLUSION: We confirm that there are differences in motivation, approaches and examination results between both groups of students, which should be taken into account and which could lead to differentiation of future curricula for both study courses.

• MeSH
• histologie výchova   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• studenti lékařství psychologie   MeSH
• studenti stomatologie psychologie   MeSH
• studium stomatologie metody   MeSH
• učební pomůcky MeSH
• učení * MeSH
• virtuální realita * MeSH
• vyučování * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Virtuální realita a její aplikace pro medicínské účely byla zkoumána již od 90. let minulého století, především v oblasti neurověd a neurochirurgie. Výrazný technologický pokrok posledních let však učinil tuto technologii výkonnější a především dostupnější, přičemž s rostoucím povědomím o jejím potenciálu strmě narůstá i její využití v medicínském výzkumu i praxi. Kromě pre­‐operativního využití, simulací, výcviku a tele­‐proctoringu v neurochirurgii se virtuální realita stále více uplatňuje také v neurorehabilitaci a neuropsychiatrii, zejména v rámci inovativních terapeutických přístupů. Přestože potenciál této stále se zdokonalující technologie je v řadě oblastí medicíny považován za revoluční, většina provedených studií pracuje s malými vzorky. Mnohé ze slibných výsledků je tak třeba potvrdit rozsáhlejším výzkumem.

Virtual reality and its applications for medical purposes have been studied since the 1990s, especially in the field of neuroscience and neurosurgery. However, significant technological advances in recent years have made this technology more powerful and, most importantly, more accessible, and its use in medical research and practice is growing rapidly as awareness of its potential increases. In addition to pre-operative use, simulation, training and tele-proctoring in neurosurgery, virtual reality is increasingly being applied in neurorehabilitation and neuropsychiatry, particularly in the context of innovative therapeutic approaches. Although the potential of this ever-improving technology is considered revolutionary in many fields of medicine, most of the studies conducted have worked with small samples. Thus, many of the promising results need to be confirmed by more extensive research.

• MeSH
• augmentovaná realita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurochirurgické výkony MeSH
• neuropsychiatrie MeSH
• neurorehabilitace MeSH
• terapie pomocí virtuální reality MeSH
• virtuální realita * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: A growing interest in non-pharmacological approaches aimed at cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive enhancement pointed towards the application of new technologies. The complex virtual reality (VR) presented using immersive devices has been considered a promising approach. OBJECTIVE: The article provides a systematic review of studies aimed at the efficacy of VR-based rehabilitation. First, we shortly summarize literature relevant to the role of immersion in memory assessment and rehabilitation. METHODS: We searched Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed with the search terms "memory rehabilitation", "virtual reality", "memory deficit". Only original studies investigating the efficacy of complex three-dimensional VR in rehabilitation and reporting specific memory output measures were included. RESULTS: We identified 412 citations, of which 21 met our inclusion criteria. We calculated appropriate effect sizes for 10 studies including control groups and providing descriptive data. The effect sizes range from large to small, or no effect of memory rehabilitation was present, depending on the control condition applied. Summarized studies with missing control groups point out to potential positive effects of VR but do not allow any generalization. CONCLUSIONS: Even though there are some theoretical advantages of immersive VE over non-immersive technology, there is not enough evidence yet to draw any conclusions.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• paměť MeSH
• rehabilitace po cévní mozkové příhodě metody   trendy   MeSH
• terapie pomocí virtuální reality přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Východiska: Virtuální realita (VR) je nová technologie, která se používá při lékařských procedurách a prokázala se jako platná nefarmakologická metoda k léčbě bolesti a úzkosti. Tato modalita je v medicíně nová a v procesu porodu by se mohla stát potenciálně novou a účinnou nefarmakologickou metodou, která by zajistila zlepšení v oblasti zvládání úzkosti a porodní bolesti při porodu (1, 2). Předložený příspěvek obsahuje deskripci a analytickou práci s výsledky na téma virtuální reality v porodní asistenci. Cíl: Hlavním cílem příspěvku byla literární review, analýza literárních zdrojů zabývající se využitím virtuální reality jako nefarmakologické metody při péči o ženy s porodní bolestí. Metodika: Literární review a kvalitativní studie, byly vyhledány systematickou rešerší v elektronických databázích Pubmed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane database a samostatně i časopis Journal of Midwifery. Byla stanovena klíčová slova: nefarmakologická metoda, porodní bolest a virtuální realita. Rovněž byla stanovena kritéria vyhledávacího období na prosinec 2019 – červen 2020. Články byly vyhledány v anglickém jazyce. Získané studie byly tříděny podle doporučení Prisma. Výsledky: Celkem bylo vyhledáno a porovnáno 6 studií z Ameriky, Iránu a Itálie. V České republice dosud ne-proběhly žádné studie na dané téma. Výsledky studií poukázaly na pozitivní vliv využití virtuální reality jako nefarmakologické metody v péči o ženy s porodní bolestí. Ženy za využití virtuální reality při porodu udávaly nižší VAS (vizuální analogová škála) a NRS (Nutritional Risk Screening) skóre a celkově lépe zvládaly průběh porodu. Závěr: Virtuální realita v porodnictví by mohla být jednou z dalších nefarmakologických metod pomáhající ženám zvládat porodní bolesti, strach a úzkost při porodu. Tato nová metoda by mohla změnit přístup v oblasti poskytování zdravotní péče o rodící ženy s porodní bolestí.

Background: Virtual Reality (VR) is a new technology used in medical procedures and has proven to be a valid non-pharmacological method for the treatment of pain and anxiety. This modality is new in medicine and very modern in the birth process and could become a potentially effective non-pharmacological method for improv-ing the management of labor pain and anxiety during childbirth (1, 2). The presented paper contains a descrip-tion and analytical work with the results on the topic of virtual reality in midwifery. Aim: The main aim of the paper was a literary review, an analysis of literary sources dealing with the use of vir-tual reality as a non-pharmacological method in the care of women with labor pain. Methods: Literary review and aqualitative studies were searched by systematic search in electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane database and Journal of Midwifery. Defined kewords: non-pharmacological method, labor pain, virtual reality. Established criteria was period December 2019 – June 2020. Arti-cles were searched in English. The obtained studies were classified according to Prisma recommendations.Results: A total of 6 studies from the Americas, Iran and Italy were searched and compared. No studies on this topic have been carried out in the Czech Republic so far. The results of the studies showed a positive effect of the use of virtual reality as a non-pharmacological method in the care of women with labor pain. Using virtual reality during childbirth, women reported lower VAS, NRS scores and better managed the course of childbirth.Conclusions: Virtual reality in obstetrics could be one of the other non-pharmacological methods helping women to manage labor pains, fears, anxiety during childbirth. The new method could change the approach in the care provided for women with labor in childbirth.

While assessing skeletal injuries in human skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists are frequently presented with fractured, fragmented, or otherwise modified skeletal remains. The examination of evidence and the mechanisms of skeletal injuries often require that separate osseous elements be permanently or temporarily reassembled or reconstructed. If not dealt with properly, such reconstructions may impede accurate interpretation of the evidence. Nowadays, routine forensic examinations increasingly incorporate digital imaging technologies. As a result, a variety of PC-assisted imaging techniques, collectively referred to as the virtual approach, have been made available to treat fragmentary skeletal remains. The present study employs a 3D virtual approach to assess mechanisms of skeletal injuries, and provides an expert opinion of causative tools in three forensic cases involving human skeletal remains where integrity was compromised by multiple peri- or postmortem alterations resulting in fragmentation and/or incompleteness. Three fragmentary skulls and an incomplete set of foot bones with evidence of perimortem fractures (gunshot wounds) and sharp force trauma (saw marks) were digitized using a desktop laser scanner. The digitized skeletal elements were reassembled in the virtual workspace using functionalities incorporated in AMIRA® version 5.0 software, and simultaneously in real physical space by traditional reconstructive approaches. For this study, the original skeletal fragments were substituted by replicas built by 3D printing. Inter-method differences were quantified by mesh-based comparison after the physically reassembled elements had been re-digitized. Observed differences were further reinforced by visualizing local variations using colormaps and other advanced 3D visualization techniques. In addition, intra-operator and inter-operator error was computed. The results demonstrate that the importance of incorporating the virtual approach into the assessment of skeletal injuries increases with the complexity and state of preservation of a forensic case. While in relatively simple cases the virtual approach is a welcome extension to a traditional approach, which merely facilitates the analysis, in more complex and extensively fragmentary cases such as multiple gunshot wounds or dismemberment, the virtual approach can be a crucial step in applying the principles of gunshot wounds or sharp force traumatic mechanisms. The unrestricted manipulation with digital elements enabling limitless repairs and adjustments to a "best-case scenario" also produced smaller inter-operator variation in comparison to the traditional approach.

• MeSH
• 3D tisk MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fraktury kostí patologie   MeSH
• fraktury lebky patologie   MeSH
• kosti nohy (od hlezna dolů) zranění   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• penetrující rány patologie   MeSH
• počítačová simulace * MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * MeSH
• soudní antropologie metody   MeSH
• střelné rány patologie   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH