Tato studie zkoumá efekt Living in History v České republice a na Slovensku. Československo prošlo zásadní politickou změnou během rozpadu Sovětského svazu, po němž následovalo rozdělení Československa. Studie zjišťovala, zda tyto dvě události mohou vyvolat efekt Living in History (LiH). Požádali jsme účastníky, aby vygenerovali a následně časově zařadili důležité životní události, a zároveň jsme administrovali Transitional Impact Scale, abychom mohli zkoumat psychologický a materiální dopad každé události u účastníků z obou zemí. Také jsme vedli rozhovory s účastníky a jejich dospělými potomky o důležitých životních událostech účastníků a shromáždili odpovědi z Identity Fusion Scale. Nezjistili jsme výskyt efektu LiH pro žádnou z událostí – zdá se, že tyto události nemají charakteristiky paměťových kotev, které jsou nezbytné pro vznik efektu Living in History.

This study explores the Living in History effect in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Czechoslovakia went through major political change during the collapse of the Soviet Union, followed by the split of Czechoslovakia. The study examined whether these two events have the potential to create a Living in History (LiH) effect. We asked participants to generate and date life events using the cue-card method and collected responses to the Transitional Impact Scale to examine the LiH and psychological and material impact of each event in participants from each country. We also interviewed participants and their adult offspring about participants’ important life events and collected responses to the Identity Fusion Scale. We did not find the LiH effect for either of the events–it seems that these events do not have the characteristics of memory anchors that are necessary to create the LiH effect.

Chronic bronchitis is increasingly reported as a healthcare challenge in clinical settings partially due to the disease's bad prognosis and unresponsiveness to therapy, including the ineffectiveness of glucocorticoids. The ineffectiveness could have a link with genetic polymorphism of receptor genes resulting in inappropriate glucocorticoid pharmacodynamics. We sought to identify the role of gene polymorphism in the response of patients with chronic bronchitis to prednisolone therapy. To do so, a total of 60 newly diagnosed chronic bronchitis patients enrolled in the present study. Prednisolone at a dose of 30mg/day for two weeks was given and respiratory parameters [forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC were measured before and after therapy. Blood samples were withdrawn for genetic profiling of genes involved in glucocorticoids pharmacodynamics, including BCII (rs41423247), N363S (rs56149945), and ER22/23EK (rs6189/rs6190) measured for their homozygous versus heterozygous gene splice variants.Results: Gene splice variants for BCII (rs41423247), N363S (rs56149945), and ER22/23EK (rs6189/rs6190) homozygous (73.3%, 98.7%, and 95%) represented a higher percentage than heterozygous (26.7%, 1.7%, and 5%). The respiratory parameters FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC have shown significantly (p<0.05) better values at baseline in homozygous versus heterozygous, correspondingly, the responsiveness to therapy has shown significantly (p<0.05) better values in homozygous versus heterozygous.Conclusion: The study has provided a good template for genetic behaviour toward individualised medicine in our locality providing that these genes could be a cornerstone for discovering issues related to the pharmacodynamics profiling of drugs in clinical settings.

• MeSH
• Bronchitis, Chronic * diagnosis   genetics   MeSH
• Glucocorticoids pharmacology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction methods   MeSH
• Polymorphism, Genetic genetics   MeSH
• Prednisolone pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Protein Isoforms genetics   MeSH
• Receptors, Glucocorticoid * genetics   drug effects   MeSH
• Respiratory Function Tests methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is a novel target in cancer (immuno)therapy. Its blockade prevents the formation of immunosuppressive and cancer-promoting adenosine from AMP. Here, we report on the development of a series of small molecules that mimic adenine nucleotides, in which the ribose moiety was replaced by an alkyl chain. Its length was found to be crucial for potency. A crystal structure of the N6-disubstituted acyclic ADP analog 26 (N6-benzyl,N6-methyladenine-9-yl)pentyloxydiphosphonate) in complex with human CD73 revealed that the flexible pentyl linker adopts to interdomain rotation angles differing by up to 18.5°. The most potent CD73 inhibitor of the present series was analog 27 (N6-benzyl,N6-methyladenine-9-yl)hexyloxydiphosphonate, PSB-24000) which exhibited submicromolar potency at human CD73 (Ki 563 nM at soluble CD73; Ki 481 nM at membrane-bound CD73 of triple-negative breast cancer cells). Acyclic nucleotide analogs may be advantageous compared to the previously reported nucleotidic CD73 inhibitors due to their high chemical stability, and because less off-target effects are to be expected. The structure-activity relationships discovered in this study provide valuable insights which will be useful for the development of CD73 inhibitors as immunotherapeutic drugs.

• MeSH
• 5'-Nucleotidase * antagonists & inhibitors   metabolism   MeSH
• Cisplatin chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• GPI-Linked Proteins antagonists & inhibitors   metabolism   MeSH
• Enzyme Inhibitors * pharmacology   chemistry   chemical synthesis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Models, Molecular MeSH
• Molecular Structure MeSH
• Purine Nucleotides * chemistry   pharmacology   chemical synthesis   MeSH
• Pyrimidine Nucleotides * chemistry   pharmacology   chemical synthesis   MeSH
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
• Structure-Activity Relationship MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Aim: To present on video our current most used technique of robot-assisted resection of renal tumour (RR). Material: We performed 274 RRs between June 2020 and November 2024. Our technique is based on a modification of conventional laparoscopic renal resection, of which we performed 599 between August 2004 and May 2020. RRs currently account for over one third of the surgical procedures for kidney cancer at our institution. Laparoscopic (rarely robotic assisted) nephrectomy is almost as frequent. Open resection accounts for about 17% and open nephrectomy for slightly less. Open resections are mainly indicated for more complex tumours, for tumors with significant \"toxic\" fat capsule, and when combined with other procedures, mostly for intestinal malignancies. RR is routinely performed by two console surgeons, occasionally by two additional ones. Operation technique: General anaesthesia. Optional urinary catheter inserted. Lateral position 60-70°. Upper limbs extended in front, close together. Operative field prepared for eventual lumbotomy. Transperitoneal approach. The capnoperitoneum is created with a Veres needle, CO2 pressure 12 mmHg. Assist port 12 mm slightly lateral to the umbilicus. Four 8-mm robotic ports are inserted pararectally under visual control. Four-arm daVinci Xi robotic system is inserted. Ports craniocaudally: 1. ProGrasp, 2. bipolar grasper (bipolar forceps Maryland or more often fenestrated) or monopolar curved scissors (Hot shears) according to the operated side and the dominant hand of the operator, 3. camera 30°, 4. the second of the mentioned instruments from port 2. The scissors are alternated with a needle driver, usually the Large SutureCut needle driver. In the Toldt line, the peritoneum is opened, the colon is retracted medially, and the Gerota fascia is opened medially from the kidney. The necessary part of the kidney is dissected from the fat capsule for good access to the tumour. The tumour is verified sonographically with a drop-in probe inserted through the assistant port. Scissors can be used to mark the line of resection on the kidney. The ureter is verified and the hilar vessels are released. The artery(s) or necessary branch is bypassed with tubing and clamped with the SCANLAN® robotic endo-bulldog. Only in central tumours is the vein also clamped. Knowledge of the topographic anatomy of the vessels from two-phase CT angiography is very helpful at this stage. The effectiveness of ischemia is verified by Doppler; exceptionally (especially in selective clamping of the artery branches) by NIR imaging with FireFly® with administration of indocyanine green - Verdye® 1.25-2.5 mg. The tumour is resected with cold scissors with a rim of healthy tissue. Suturing of the base is performed with an absorbable self-anchoring barbed suture (V-Loc® 90, size 3-0, 1/2 needle 26 mm). The edges of the kidney are mattress sutured with another suture, tightened with Absolok® AP300 absorbable clips (polydioxanone PDS, size ML) - \"sliding clips\" technique. The second layer of the parenchyma is sewn with simple continuation stitches, mostly without continuous anchoring. For more superficial tumours, a straight suture of the parenchyma is

• MeSH
• Laparoscopy MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Kidney Neoplasms * surgery   MeSH
• Nephrectomy MeSH
• Robotic Surgical Procedures methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

The potentials of electrochemical processes in ideal aqueous media are related to the potential of a normal hydrogen electrode (NHE). However, in non-ideal media, the potentials of a metallocene redox couple are used as a reference. Such measurements with free metallocene in solution are complicated by adsorption and mass transport phenomena and solvation effects. Herein, a platinum electrode with an anchored ferrocene moiety (Pt,Fc) was used for cyclic voltammetric measurements of the potential of ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc+) redox transformation in not only non-aqueous but, for the first time, aqueous solutions as well. This enabled us to eliminate the aforementioned problems associated with the application of free metallocene molecules in solution and, thus, to relate the midpoint potential (Epm) of the Fc/Fc+ redox couple to a NHE. After elimination of the liquid junction potential in an aqueous 0.1 M KCl solution at 25 °C, the average intraday Epm value obtained with freshly prepared Pt,Fc electrodes was found to be 0.312 ± 0.008 V versus the secondary Ag|AgCl electrode. The Pt,Fc electrode can be applied for the standardization of electrochemical measurements and investigation of solvation phenomena at interfaces in non-ideal media.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Syphilis is a multistage sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum (TPA). This study analyzed clinical samples collected from patients with a diagnosed syphilis infection from 2004-2022, isolated in the Czech Republic. Mucocutaneous swab samples (n = 543) from 543 patients were analyzed, and from these samples, 80.11 % (n = 435) were PCR positive, and 19.89 % (n = 108) were PCR negative for TPA DNA. Swabs were more often positive when collected from syphilis patients in the primary and secondary stages, compared to the latent or unknown stage. There was no significant difference in PCR positivity between the primary and secondary stages (p = 0.099). In IgM-positive patients, a statistically significant association with PCR-positivity was found in samples from seropositive (p = 0.033) and serodiscrepant (RPR negative) patients (p = 0.0006). When assessing our laboratory-defined cases of syphilis, the RPR, IgM, and PCR tests were similarly effective (within the range of 80.1-86.1 %). However, parallel testing with these methods was even more effective, i.e., RPR + PCR was 96.1 % effective and RPR + IgM + PCR was 97.8 % effective. A combination of RPR + PCR, or a combination of all three tests (RPR, IgM, and PCR) can therefore be used to reliably detect active syphilis cases, including reinfections. Our findings show that the reverse algorithm for detecting syphilis could be substantially improved by adding IgM and PCR testing.

• MeSH
• DNA, Bacterial genetics   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Immunoglobulin M * blood   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction * methods   MeSH
• Antibodies, Bacterial blood   MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Syphilis Serodiagnosis methods   MeSH
• Syphilis * diagnosis   microbiology   MeSH
• Treponema pallidum * genetics   isolation & purification   immunology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Autentizace rybích výrobků s využitím analýzy DNA vyžaduje zisk kvalitní DNA bez přítomnosti inhibitorů. V současné době jsou dostupné různé metody pro izolaci nukleových kyselin; pro svou rychlost a nenáročnost extrakčního postupu se staly velmi oblíbenými zejména silikátové centrifugační kolonky. Jejich nevýhodou však může být princip využívající záporný náboj DNA, který může být ovlivněn složením potravin, nebo jejich ucpání v důsledku špatné předúpravy vzorků. Cílem této práce bylo porovnat tři metody izolace DNA využívající různé principy (silikátové centrifugační kolonky, modifikované magnetické kuličky, cetyltrimethylamonium-bromid (CTAB) a chloroformová extrakce) a zhodnotit jejich vhodnost pro izolaci DNA z rybí svaloviny. Posuzovanými kritérii byla výtěžnost, čistota a amplifikovatelnost izolované DNA. Analyzována byla tkáň makrely obecné bez a s přídavkem přídatných látek běžně používaných při výrobě rybích produktů, konkrétně difosforečnanů (E 450) a barviv (E 110 a E 124), a následně byla vybraná metoda aplikována i na komerčně nabízené výrobky z ryb. Jako nejvhodnější se ukázala upravená metoda využívající detergent CTAB.

Authentication of fish products by DNA analysis requires the extraction of high quality DNA without the presence of inhibitors. Many nucleic acid isolation methods are currently available; silicate centrifugal columns have become very popular due to their speed and ease of extraction. However, their disadvantage may be the principle based on DNA charge, which may be affected by food composition, or clogging due to a poor sample pretreatment. The aim of this work was to compare three DNA isolation methods using different principles (silicate centrifugal columns, modified magnetic beads, Cetrimonium bromide and chloroform extraction) and to evaluate their suitability for DNA isolation from fish muscle. The criteria assessed were the recovery, purity and amplifiability of the isolated DNA. Mackerel tissue was analysed without and with the addition of additives commonly used in the manufacture of fish products, namely diphosphates (E 450) and colorants (E 110 and E 124), and the selected method was subsequently applied to commercial fish products. The modified method using the detergent CTAB proved to be the most suitable.

• MeSH
• Food Analysis methods   MeSH
• DNA analysis   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
• Seafood analysis   MeSH
• Food Additives analysis   MeSH
• Fish Products * analysis   MeSH
• Fishes MeSH
• Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Liposomes are one of the most important drug delivery vectors, nowadays used in clinics. In general, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used to ensure the stealth properties of the liposomes. Here, we have employed hydrophilic, biocompatible and highly non-fouling N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA)-based copolymers containing hydrophobic cholesterol anchors for the surface modification of liposomes, which were prepared by the method of lipid film hydration and extrusion through 100 nm polycarbonate filters. Efficient surface modification of liposomes was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and gradient ultracentrifugation. The ability of long-term circulation in the vascular bed was demonstrated in rabbits after i.v. application of fluorescently labelled liposomes. Compared to PEGylated liposomes, HPMA-based copolymer-modified liposomes did not induce specific antibody formation and did not activate murine and human complement. Compared with PEGylated liposomes, HPMA-based copolymer-modified liposomes showed a better long-circulating effect after repeated administration. HPMA-based copolymer-modified liposomes thus represent suitable new candidates for a generation of safer and improved liposomal drug delivery platforms.

• MeSH
• Acrylamides chemistry   MeSH
• Complement Activation drug effects   MeSH
• Cholesterol chemistry   blood   MeSH
• Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions * MeSH
• Rabbits MeSH
• Drug Delivery Systems MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Liposomes * MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Polyethylene Glycols * chemistry   MeSH
• Polymers chemistry   MeSH
• Surface Properties * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rabbits MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Cíl: Představit naši současnou techniku mini málně invazivní nefropexe. Řídíme se daty vychá- zejícími z klinických studií nižší kvality doporučujících laparoskopickou techniku sutury ledvinného pouzdra na konvexitě ledviny. Materiál, metody: Indikací k operaci jsou symptomatické pacientky s prokázanou nefroptózou při radiologických vyšetřeních (hlavně IVU). Od 12/2004 do 4/2024 byla provedena nefropexe u 37 žen. U 34 na pravé straně, dvakrát na obou stranách a jednou na levé. Prvních 34 bylo laparoskopických a poslední 3 asistované robotem. Již dříve jsme publikovali laparoskopický postup včetně sledování a hodnocení účinnosti metody. Pravostranná laparoskopická nefropexe byla dvakrát kombinována s resekční pyeloplastikou. Laparoskopická technika: Poloha na boku, ev. močový katétr. Pneumoperitoneum je vytvořeno Veresovou jehlou, tlak CO2 12 mm Hg. Desetimilimetrový port pro kameru přes pupek a další dva pracovní porty (5 a 3 mm). V Toldtově linii se otevírá pobřišnice. Uvolní se laterální část ledviny a přilehlá břišní stěna. Ledvina je fixována k břišnímu transverzálnímu svalu třemi nebo čtyřmi samostatnými otáčkami dlouhodobě vstřebatelným/nevstřebatelným samokotvovacím ostnatým stehem (V-Loc® 180 nebo nevstřebatelný, velikost 2-0, jehla 1/2 26 mm). V prvních 15 případech byly použity tři jednotlivé nevstřebatelné ProlenTM stehy. Peritoneální defekt se uzavře pokračujícím ostnatým vstřebatelným stehem V-Loc® 90. Stehy se zavedou přes trokar 10 mm a extrahují stejným způsobem nebo ihned přes břišní stěnu s předchozím narovnáním jehly. Není použit drén. Pacientka je tři dny v klidu na lůžku. Doporučujeme vyhýbat se skákání, jízdě na koni atd. po dobu dvou měsíců. Roboticky asistovaná technika je podobná: Systém daVinci Xi, tři ramena v poloze V (kamera 30° v pupku), porty 8 mm – nůžky/jehelec, bipolární graper Maryland. Výsledky: Laparoskopická skupina: Průměrný věk 36,9 ± 13,9 (20,0 až 65,1) let. Průměrný BMI 22,3 ± 2,8 (17,3 až 27,9). Průměrná doba operace na jedné straně výkonu 59,2 ± 17,0 (35 až 100), oboustranných výkonů (včetně rotace pacienta) 155 a 150 minut. Všechny výkony byly bez krevních ztrát a předoperačních a pooperačních komplikací. V letech 2022–2024 byly provedeny 3 roboticky asistované nefropexe u žen. Věk 47, 48 a 34 let, BMI 20, 21 a 23, doba operace 32, 31 a 36 min. Závěr: Laparoskopická/roboticky asistovaná transperitoneální nefropexe s fixací konvexity ledviny pokračujícím samokotvícím ostnatým stehem je standardem chirurgické léčby nefroptózy na našem pracovišti. Doporučuje se pečlivá disekce a pečlivé uvolnění břišní stěny umožňující bezpečné sešití bez poškození nervů břišní stěny. Robotická varianta se zdá být jednodušší (zejména šití) a rychlejší. Vzhledem k relativní vzácnosti takové operace budou dlouhodobé výsledky u větší skupiny pacientů dosažitelné pouze v multicentrické studii.

To present our contemporary technique of minimally invasive nephropexy. We follow data based on clinical studies of lower quality recommending the laparoscopic technique of suturing of a renal capsule at the convexity of kidney. Material, methods: Indications for surgery are symptomatic patients with proven nephroptosis on radiological examinations (mainly IVU). From 12/2004 until 4/2024, nephropexy was performed on 37 women. In 34 on the right side, two times on both sides and once on the left. The first 34 were laparoscopic and the last 3 robot-assisted. We have previously published the laparoscopic procedure, including monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the method. The right side laparoscopic nephropexy was twice combined with dismembered pyeloplasty. The laparoscopic technique: Flank position, eventually urinary catheter. Pneumoperitoneum is created with a Veres needle, the pressure of CO2 12 mm Hg. Ten mm port for the camera through the umbilicus and further two working ports (5 and 3 mm). The peritoneum is opened in Toldt's line. The lateral part of the kidney and the adjacent abdominal wall are cleaned. The kidney is fixed to the abdominal transversal muscle with three or four separate revolutions with long--term absorbable/non-absorbable self-anchoring barbed stitch (V-Loc® 180 or Non-absorbable, size 2-0, needle 1/2 26 mm). In the first 15 cases, three non-absorbable stitches ProlenTM were used. The peritoneal defect is closed with a running barbed absorbable suture V-Loc® 90. The stitches are introduced through the trocar 10 mm and extracted in the same way or immediately through the abdominal wall with the previous straightening of the needle. No drain is placed. The patient is on bed rest for three days. We recommend avoiding jumping, horse-riding etc. for two months. The robot-assisted technique is similar: System daVinci Xi, three arms in V position (camera 30° in umbilicus), ports 8 mm - scissors/needle driver, bipolar grasper Maryland. Results: Laparoscopic group: Mean age 36.9 ± 13.9 (20.0 to 65.1) years. Mean BMI 22.3 ± 2.8 (17.3 to 27.9). The mean time of operation on one side procedure 59.2 ± 17.0 (35 to 100), bilateral procedures (including rotation of patient) 155 and 150 minutes. All procedures were without blood loss and peroperative and postoperative complications. In 2022-4, 3 robot-assisted nephropexis in women were performed. Age 47, 48 and 34 years, BMI 20, 21, and 23, time of surgery 32, 31, and 36 min. Conclusion: Laparoscopic /robot-assisted transperitoneal nephropexy with fixation of convexity of the kidney with running self-anchoring barbed stitch is the standard of surgical treatment of nephroptosis at our department. Meticulous dissection and careful liberation of the abdominal wall enabling safe suturing without damage to nerves of the abdominal wall is recommended. The robotic variant seems to be easier (especially suturing) and faster. Due to relatively rarity of such surgery, long term results in a bigger group of patients will be only achievable in a multicentre trial.

• Keywords
• nefropexe, Nefroptóza,
• MeSH
• Kidney * surgery   pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Robotic Surgical Procedures * methods   MeSH
• Suture Techniques MeSH
• Urologic Surgical Procedures methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Úvod: Infekce krčních uzlin netuberkulózními mykobakteriemi (NTM), dříve označované i jako atypické mykobakteriální infekce, se u dětí v České republice řadí ke vzácným onemocněním. V současnosti je patrna narůstající incidence, zřejmě vlivem ukončení celoplošné kalmetizace v listopadu 2010. Cíl studie: Podat přehled klinického obrazu, diagnostických možností a terapeutického přístupu u dětí s postižením krčních uzlin netuberkulózními mykobakteriemi. Metodika: Retrospektivně zpracovaný soubor dětí s potvrzenou infekcí léčených na Klinice otorinolaryngologie a chirurgie hlavy a krku FN Hradec Králové od 2010 do 2021. Zařazovacím kritériem byl průkaz původce onemocnění (netuberkulózní mykobakterie) kultivačním vyšetřením nebo molekulárně biologickou metodou (PCR). Výsledky: Celkem bylo zařazeno 19 dětí s průměrným věkem 26 měsíců (rozmezí 12–42 měsíců; SD 7,27). Nejčastějším prokázaným patogenem bylo Mycobacterium avium (n = 16). Kultivační vyšetření bylo pozitivní v 84 % (n = 16) případů, PCR testování bylo pozitivní u 47 % pacientů (n = 9). Všechny děti ze souboru podstoupily jak chirurgickou, tak antibiotickou léčbu. Nejčastěji užívanými antibiotiky byla kombinace makrolidového antibiotika (klaritromycin) s antituberkulotikem (rifampicin). U šesti dětí byla provedena incize spolu s drenáží ložiska a pro trvání zánětu následovala kompletní exstirpace patologické tkáně v celkové anestezii. Celkem 15 dětí podstoupilo probatorní exstirpaci patologické krční uzliny. Blokové disekce infikované tkáně jsme provedli u sedmi dětí pro reziduální zánět. Závěr: Optimální léčbou netuberkulózní mykobakteriální lymfonoditidy je exstirpace postižené uzliny a okolních zánětlivě změněných tkání společně s antibiotickou terapii klaritromycinem a rifampicinem.

Introduction: Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection of lymph nodes in young children is a rare disease. The increasing incidence has been observed after termination of vacciation in Czech Republic in November 2010. Aim of the study: To provide an overview of the clinical picture, diagnostic options and therapeutic approach in children with neck lymph nodes affected by non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients with confirmed NTM infection treated at the Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of Faculty Hospital Hradec Kralove from 2010 to 2021. The inclusion criterion was proof of the causative agent of the disease (nontuberculous mycobacteria) by culture or molecular biological technique (PCR). Results: A total of 19 children with an average age of 26 months (range 12–42, SD 7.27) were enrolled. The most frequent pathogen was Mycobacterium avium (N = 16). Culture examination was positive in 84% (N = 16) of cases, PCR was positive in 47% of patients (N = 9). All children from the group underwent both surgical and antibiotic treatment. The most frequently used antibiotics were a combination of a macrolide antibiotic (clarithromycin) with an antituberculotic drug (rifampicin). In 6 children, an incision was made along with drainage of the lesion and for the duration of the inflammation a complete extirpation of the pathological tissue under general anaesthesia followed. A total of 15 children underwent probatory extirpation of the pathological neck lymph node. We performed block dissections of the infected tissue in 7 children for residual inflammation. Conclusion: The most effective treatment of the infection seems to be the exstirpation of all affected lymph nodes with surrounding tissue and combination of antibiotic (macrolide) with antituberculotic agent (rifampicin).

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Drug Therapy statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Neck microbiology   pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lymph Nodes microbiology   pathology   MeSH
• Mycobacterium Infections * diagnostic imaging   microbiology   pathology   therapy   MeSH
• Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases diagnostic imaging   microbiology   pathology   therapy   MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH