• MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• bezpečnost potravin * MeSH
• hmyz * MeSH
• kantharidin škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• potravinová alergie etiologie   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Insects are known to be able to provide valuable nutrients to indigenous populations across the Amazon. However, studies on traditional insect use in the Peruvian Amazon are scarce. This study documents edible insect diversity and characterizes their food and collection patterns in eight Awajún communities in the Peruvian Amazon. Additionally, we reviewed what has been known to date about the nutrient composition of the documented species. METHODS: The survey was conducted among the Awajún populations living in the Huampami, Paisa, Achu, and Tseasim communities in the Cenepa district and the Shijap, San Mateo, Kusu, and Listra communities in the Imaza district. Data collection was conducted through a freelisting exercise complemented by a semi-structured inquiry form in the Awajún language. In total, 104 informants (72 men and 32 women) aged between 16 to 73 years were interviewed. RESULTS: The Awajún people use at least 12 insect species, with Rhynchophorus palmarum, Atta cephalotes, and Rhinostomus barbirostris being the most important ones. Beetles of the family Curculionidae represent the culturally most salient taxon. In the more accessible and developed Imaza district, the Awajún tend to eat almost exclusively R. palmarum, while in the more isolated and preserved Cenepa district, the community's preferences are linked with more species. Although men are the main insect collectors, women cited more edible insects on average. The insects are eaten mainly roasted or raw. Further use patterns and differences between the districts are discussed. CONCLUSION: Traditional knowledge related to edible insects and the ecosystems they occur in is widespread among the Awajún populations, and insects still represent an important part of the indigenous food system. This ethnobiological survey discovered five species that are newly recorded as edible insects. Chemical composition of insects deemed edible by the Awajún ought to be analyzed in the future and awareness about their nutritional importance should be raised to harness the potential of this underutilized yet nutrient-rich traditional food.

• MeSH
• brouci MeSH
• Diptera MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Formicidae MeSH
• hmyz * MeSH
• kultura MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• populační skupiny MeSH
• potraviny * MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sršňovití MeSH
• znalosti MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Peru MeSH

BACKGROUND: Considering their high content of protein, insects are a valuable alternative protein source. However, no evaluation of their purine content has so far been done. High content of purine derivates may lead to the exclusion of such food from the diet of people with specific diseases. The aim of this study was to analyse the content of selected purine derivates and amino acid profile in the three insect species most often used for entomophagy in Europe and compare them with the purine content in egg white and chicken breast. RESULTS: The content of individual purine derivates and their total content were significantly dependent on insect species. The purine content in all three species was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in egg white, but some values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in chicken breast. The total protein content was 548.9 g kg(-1) dry matter (DM) in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), 551.6 g kg(-1) DM in superworm (Zophobas atratus) and 564.9 g kg(-1) DM in cricket (Gryllus assimilis). CONCLUSION: Larvae of mealworm and superworm are protein-rich and purine-low meat alternatives. In contrast, cricket nymphs are protein-rich and purine-rich and cannot be recommended for people with hyperuricemia or gout.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny analýza   MeSH
• brouci chemie   MeSH
• dietní proteiny analýza   MeSH
• dna (nemoc) MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• Gryllidae chemie   MeSH
• hmyz chemie   MeSH
• hyperurikemie MeSH
• kur domácí MeSH
• larva chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maso analýza   MeSH
• puriny škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• Tenebrio chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

The escalating global population is anticipated to intensify the demand for high-quality proteins, necessitating the exploration of alternative protein sources. Edible insects are a promising solution, owing to their nutritional richness and sustainability. However, their digestibility and protein quality, particularly after culinary treatment, remains underexplored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of various culinary treatments on the protein digestibility of two insect species, Tenebrio molitor and Gryllus assimilis. Our findings revealed that culinary treatments such as boiling, roasting, drying, and microwave heating significantly influenced the digestibility of both insect species. Notably, drying emerged as the most effective method, leading to a substantial increase in digestibility. Furthermore, we assessed protein quality using the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) and found that the choice of the calculation method significantly influenced the evaluation of protein quality. By including the sum of the anhydrous amino acids, we eliminated the potential overestimation of protein content and obtained a more reliable assessment of protein quality. Our results underscore the importance of culinary treatments and calculation methods in determining the suitability of insects as protein sources for human nutrition.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Inhabitants of the Indonesian island of Sumatra are faced with the problem of insufficient food supplies and the consequent risk of undernourishment and health issues. Edible insects as a traditional and readily available food source could be part of the solution. The nutritional value of insects depends on many factors, e.g., species, developmental stage, sex, diet, and climatic conditions. However, edible insects bred in Sumatra for human consumption have never before been assessed with regard to their nutritional value. Our study involved analyses of crude protein, chitin, fat and selected fatty acid contents of giant mealworm larvae (Zophobas morio), larvae of the common mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)and nymphs of the field cricket (Gryllus assimilis). Crude protein content in the samples ranged from 46% to 56%. Highest (35%) and lowest (31%) amounts of fat were recorded in giant mealworm larvae and larvae of the common mealworm, respectively. Chitin amounts ranged from 6% to 13%. Based on these values, which are comparable to those known from other food insects reared in different regions of the world, the edible species bred in Sumatra could become food sources with a potential to help stave off hunger and undernourishment.

• MeSH
• brouci chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Gryllidae chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• larva chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční hodnota * MeSH
• nymfa chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Tenebrio chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Indonésie MeSH

Chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), functions as a major structural component in crustaceans, insects and fungi and is the second most abundant polysaccharide in the nature. Although these chitin-containing organisms have been suggested as novel animal feed resources, chitin has long been considered as indigestible fibers in the animal body. Recently, we reported that acidic chitinase (Chia) is a protease-resistant major glycosidase in mouse gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and that it digests chitin in the mouse stomach. However, the physiological role of Chia in other animals including poultry remains unknown. Here, we report that Chia can function as a digestive enzyme that breaks down chitin-containing organisms in chicken GIT. Chia mRNA is predominantly expressed in the glandular stomach tissue in normal chicken. We also show that chicken Chia has a robust chitinolytic activity at pH 2.0 and is highly resistant to proteolysis by pepsin and trypsin/chymotrypsin under conditions mimicking GIT. Chia degraded shells of mealworm larvae in the presence of digestive proteases and produced (GlcNAc)2. Thus, functional similarity of chicken Chia with the mouse enzyme suggests that chitin-containing organisms can be used for alternative poultry diets not only as whole edible resources but also as enhancers of their nutritional value.

• MeSH
• chitin metabolismus   MeSH
• chitinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kur domácí metabolismus   MeSH
• proteasy MeSH
• střeva enzymologie   MeSH
• Tenebrio chemie   MeSH
• trávení * MeSH
• žaludek enzymologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Jedlý hmyz je ve světě běžnou součástí potravy. V Evropě není entomofágie zatím příliš rozšířená, ale v poslední době se stává stále častěji diskutovanou otázkou v oblasti alternativního zdroje výživy, doplňků stravy a případně jako delikatesa. Hlavním cílem článku je proto seznámit stručně čtenáře s oblastí entomofágie, její historií, výhodami a nevýhodami konzumace jedlého hmyzu a přínosy, které by chov a konzumace jedlého hmyzu mohly v budoucnosti poskytnout. Zajímavé je srovnání uváděných nutričních parametrů moučného červa s hovězím masem a cenové srovnání saranče stěhovavé, která je bohatým zdrojem bílkovin, pro různé části světa. Přestože není konzumace jedlého hmyzu běžně součástí našeho jídelníčku, může si konzument tuto delikatesu zakoupit ve vybraných restauracích nebo objednat na internetu.

Edible insects are a normal part of food in the world. Entomophagy is not very widespread in Europe, but recently it is an ongoing and increasingly discussed issue in the field of alternative sources of nutrition, food supplements and possible delicacies. The main objective of the paper is the brief introduction of entomophagy, its history, advantages and disadvantages of consuming edible insects, and benefits that breeding and consumption of edible insects can provide in the future. There are interesting comparison of referred nutritional parameters of mealworm with beef, and price comparison of grasshoppers from different parts of the world in the paper. Although consumption of edible insects is not usually part of our diet, a consumer can buy these delicacies in selected restaurants or order them on the Internet.

• Klíčová slova
• entomofágie,
• MeSH
• bezpečnost potravin * MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• hmyz * MeSH
• hmyzí proteiny MeSH
• kontaminace potravin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potraviny * MeSH
• veřejné mínění MeSH
• zásobování potravinami MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Přestože bylo prokázáno, že skladištní členovci (tj. roztoči a hmyz) mohou vyvolávat u člověka závažné alergické reakce, chybí základní informace o současném rozsahu zamoření zemědělských potravinářských komodit v ČR. Proto bylo cílem této studie vyhodnotit aktuální výskyt (tj. druhové složení, častost /= frekvenci/ výskytu a populační výši /= abundanci/) potenciálně alergenních členovců ve skladovaném potravinářském obilí. Tyto informace mají sloužit pro hodnocení a predikci rizik zamoření cereálních potravin a vzdušného prostředí sil a skladů alergeny členovců v ČR. Bylo odebráno a analyzováno 379 vzorků z uskladněného obilí (1 vzorek = 1 kg) ze sil a podlahových skladů z celého území ČR. Ve studovaném materiálu bylo zjištěno cca 130 000 jedinců skladištních škůdců v 56 druzích. Byly zjištěny statisticky významné rozdíly v abundanci a frekvenci různých skupin skladištních členovců. Roztoči infestovali 64 % vzorků, zatímco pisivky 19 % a brouci 30 %. Roztoči jsou nejvíce abundantní skupina (91 % jedinců) a převládají nad pisivkami (4 %) a brouky (5 %). Skladištní členovci se vyskytovali v uskladněném obilí v agregacích; průměrná abundance je 308 roztočů, 10 pisivek a 19 jedinců brouků na jeden obilní vzorek. Maximální nalezené počty v jednom vzorku jsou: 25 500 roztočů, 1957 pisivek a 2012 brouků v 1 kg obilovin. Více než 100 jedinců roztočů bylo nalezeno v 22 % obilných vzorků. Z těchto výsledků vyplývá, že roztoči jsou nejvýznamnějšími donory alergenů do skladovaného obilí. Podle abundance a nejvyšší frekvence ve vzorcích jsou nejvíce důležité tyto druhy: (i) roztoči Acarus siro > Tydeus interruptus > Lepidoglyphus destructor > Tyrophagus putrescentiae > Tarsonemus granarius; (ii) pisivky Liposcelis decolor > L. entomophila > L. paeta; (iii) brouci Tribolium castaneum > Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica. Výsledky této práce indikují, že nejvíce nebezpeční z hlediska produkce alergií v cereálních potravinách jsou roztoči. Nicméně chemická (fumigace) kontrola skladištních členovců na farmách je zaměřena na nápadné brouky (2 mm), zatímco mikroskopičtí roztoči kontrolováni nejsou.

There is well documented that the storage pest arthropods (mites and insects) cause an important allergy troubles in human population. In spite of this fact, we have a little information on the extent of infestation of food grain stored in the Czech Republic (CZ). The aim of this study is to evaluate the actual occurrence of stored product pests in stored grain. The species composition, frequency (occurrence in the cores of stored grain) and pests’ abundance (population density) are evaluated and compared. These data would help to predict the risk of storage pests contamination of food and grain stores by allergens in CZ. Three hundred seventy nine samples of stored grain (weight of sample – 1kg) were collected in silos and storey brice (flat) stores in CZ. Fifty-six pests species in about 130 000 individuals were sampled. Their abundance and frequency were evaluated. The mites infested 64% of samples were, while only 19 and 30% by psocids and beetles. 22% of grain contained more than 100 mites. The mites were the most abundant group, followed by psocids and beetles (91, 4 and 5% respectively). The pests imoportance according to abundance and frequency decreased in the following order: (a) mites Acarus siro > Tydeus interruptus > Lepidoglyphus destructor > Tyrophagus putrescentiase > Tarsonemus granarius; (b) psocids Liposcelis decolor > L. entomophila > L. paeta; (c) beetles Tribolium castaneum > Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica. The occurrence of all pests was strongly aggregated, the mean abundance was 308, 10 and 19, maximal abundance = 25 500 mites, 1957 psocids, 2012 beetles per kg of the grain. The findings of this study suggest that mites are the most important source of allergens in stored grain in the conditions stored grain in Central Europe. Notwithstanding to these facts, the chemical pest control measures are aimed at the beetles.

• MeSH
• alergeny MeSH
• jedlá semena MeSH
• jedy členovců MeSH
• kontrola potravin MeSH
• konzervace potravin MeSH
• potravinářská parazitologie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Potravinová alergie je definována jako nežádoucí reakce daná specifickou imunologickou odpovědí po expozici konkrétní potravinou. V současné době trpí potravinovou alergií v Evropě podle různých autorů asi 6–8 % dětí a 3–6 % dospělých. Nejčastějšími potravinovými alergeny jsou kravské mléko, slepičí vejce, pšeničná mouka, sója, arašídy, stromové ořechy, semena, ryby a mořské plody. Se zaváděním nových potravin stoupá také riziko případných alergických reakcí na tyto potraviny. V Evropě a Severní Americe začíná nabývat na významu mimo jiné i jedlý hmyz. Kromě primární senzibilizace může být pro pacienta riziková, tzv. zkřížená reaktivita, daná panalergeny tropomyosinem a arginin kinázou. Představujeme kazuistiku muže s prokázanou alergií na roztoče a krevety, který později reagoval i na konzumaci moučných červů

A food allergy is defined as an adverse reaction caused by a specific immunological response after exposure to a specific food. According to various authors, about 6–8% of children and 3–6% of adults currently suffer from food allergy in Europe. The most common food allergens are cow’s milk, chicken eggs, wheat flour, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, seeds, fish, and seafood. With the introduction of new foods, the risk of possible allergic reactions to these foods also increases. Edible insects, among other things, are starting to gain importance in Europe and North America. In addition to primary sensitization, so-called cross-reactivity caused by the panallergens tropomyosin and arginine kinase can be risky for the patient. We present a case study of a man with a proven allergy to dust mites and shrimp, who later reacted to the consumption of mealworms.

• Klíčová slova
• moučný červ, pohotovostní balíček,
• MeSH
• alergie na roztoče MeSH
• argininkinasa analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• jedlý hmyz * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Palaemonidae MeSH
• potravinová alergie * diagnóza   dietoterapie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• tropomyosin analýza   MeSH
• zkřížené reakce MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH