BACKGROUND: Although neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) has been used to evaluate early neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, studies concentrating on the locus coeruleus (LC) in pre-dementia stages of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are lacking. OBJECTIVES: The aims were to evaluate NM-MRI signal changes in the LC in patients with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) compared to healthy controls (HC) and to identify the cognitive correlates of the changes. We also aimed to test the hypothesis of a caudal-rostral α-synuclein pathology spread using NM-MRI of the different LC subparts. METHODS: A total of 38 MCI-LB patients and 59 HCs underwent clinical and cognitive testing and NM-MRI of the LC. We calculated the contrast ratio of NM-MRI signal (LC-CR) in the whole LC as well as in its caudal, middle, and rostral MRI slices, and we compared the LC-CR values between the MCI-LB and HC groups. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between the LC-CR and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS: The MCI-LB group exhibited a significant reduction in the right LC-CR compared to HCs (P = 0.021). The right LC-CR decrease was associated with impaired visuospatial memory in the MCI-LB group. Only the caudal part of the LC exhibited significant LC-CR decreases in MCI-LB patients compared to HCs on both sides (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study that focuses on LC-CRs in MCI-LB patients and analyzes the LC subparts, offering new insights into the LC integrity alterations in the initial stages of DLB and their clinical correlates. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

• MeSH
• alpha-Synuclein metabolism   MeSH
• Lewy Body Disease * diagnostic imaging   pathology   MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction * diagnostic imaging   pathology   physiopathology   etiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Locus Coeruleus * diagnostic imaging   pathology   MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging * MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A critical evaluation of contemporary literature regarding the role of big data, artificial intelligence, and digital technologies in precision cardio-oncology care and survivorship, emphasizing innovative and groundbreaking endeavors. RECENT FINDINGS: Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm models can automate the risk assessment process and augment current subjective clinical decision tools. AI, particularly machine learning (ML), can identify medically significant patterns in large data sets. Machine learning in cardio-oncology care has great potential in screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and managing cancer therapy-related cardiovascular complications. To this end, large-scale imaging data and clinical information are being leveraged in training efficient AI algorithms that may lead to effective clinical tools for caring for this vulnerable population. Telemedicine may benefit cardio-oncology patients by enhancing healthcare delivery through lowering costs, improving quality, and personalizing care. Similarly, the utilization of wearable biosensors and mobile health technology for remote monitoring holds the potential to improve cardio-oncology outcomes through early intervention and deeper clinical insight. Investigations are ongoing regarding the application of digital health tools such as telemedicine and remote monitoring devices in enhancing the functional status and recovery of cancer patients, particularly those with limited access to centralized services, by increasing physical activity levels and providing access to rehabilitation services. SUMMARY: In recent years, advances in cancer survival have increased the prevalence of patients experiencing cancer therapy-related cardiovascular complications. Traditional cardio-oncology risk categorization largely relies on basic clinical features and physician assessment, necessitating advancements in machine learning to create objective prediction models using diverse data sources. Healthcare disparities may be perpetuated through AI algorithms in digital health technologies. In turn, this may have a detrimental effect on minority populations by limiting resource allocation. Several AI-powered innovative health tools could be leveraged to bridge the digital divide and improve access to equitable care.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To develop a gadolinium-free MRI-based diagnosis prediction decision tree (DPDT) for adult-type diffuse gliomas and to assess the added value of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) enhanced images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included preoperative grade 2-4 adult-type diffuse gliomas (World Health Organization 2021) scanned between 2010 and 2021. The DPDT, incorporating eleven GBCA-free MRI features, was developed using 18% of the dataset based on consensus readings. Diagnosis predictions involved grade (grade 2 vs. grade 3/4) and molecular status (isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and 1p/19q). GBCA-free diagnosis was predicted using DPDT, while GBCA-enhanced diagnosis included post-contrast images. The accuracy of these predictions was assessed by three raters with varying experience levels in neuroradiology using the test dataset. Agreement analyses were applied to evaluate the prediction performance/reproducibility. RESULTS: The test dataset included 303 patients (age (SD): 56.7 (14.2) years, female/male: 114/189, low-grade/high-grade: 54/249, IDH-mutant/wildtype: 82/221, 1p/19q-codeleted/intact: 34/269). Per-rater GBCA-free predictions achieved ≥ 0.85 (95%-CI: 0.80-0.88) accuracy for grade and ≥ 0.75 (95%-CI: 0.70-0.80) for molecular status, while GBCA-enhanced predictions reached ≥ 0.87 (95%-CI: 0.82-0.90) and ≥ 0.77 (95%-CI: 0.71-0.81), respectively. No accuracy difference was observed between GBCA-free and GBCA-enhanced predictions. Group inter-rater agreement was moderate for GBCA-free (0.56 (95%-CI: 0.46-0.66)) and substantial for GBCA-enhanced grade prediction (0.68 (95%-CI: 0.58-0.78), p = 0.008), while substantial for both GBCA-free (0.75 (95%-CI: 0.69-0.80) and GBCA-enhanced (0.77 (95%-CI: 0.71-0.82), p = 0.51) molecular status predictions. CONCLUSION: The proposed GBCA-free diagnosis prediction decision tree performed well, with GBCA-enhanced images adding little to the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of adult-type diffuse gliomas. KEY POINTS: Question Given health and environmental concerns, is there a gadolinium-free imaging protocol to preoperatively evaluate gliomas comparable to the gadolinium-enhanced standard practice? Findings The proposed gadolinium-free diagnosis prediction decision tree for adult-type diffuse gliomas performed well, and gadolinium-enhanced MRI demonstrated only limited improvement in diagnostic accuracy. Clinical relevance Even inexperienced raters effectively classified adult-type diffuse gliomas using the gadolinium-free diagnosis prediction decision tree, which, until further validation, can be used alongside gadolinium-enhanced images to respect standard practice, despite this study showing that gadolinium-enhanced images hardly improved diagnostic accuracy.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Gadolinium MeSH
• Glioma * diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Contrast Media * MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging * methods   MeSH
• Brain Neoplasms * diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Predictive Value of Tests MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Decision Trees * MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Neoplasm Grading * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The soil microbiota exhibits an important function in the ecosystem, and its response to climate change is of paramount importance for sustainable agroecosystems. The macronutrients, micronutrients, and additional constituents vital for the growth of plants are cycled biogeochemically under the regulation of the soil microbiome. Identifying and forecasting the effect of climate change on soil microbiomes and ecosystem services is the need of the hour to address one of the biggest global challenges of the present time. The impact of climate change on the structure and function of the soil microbiota is a major concern, explained by one or more sustainability factors around resilience, reluctance, and rework. However, the past research has revealed that microbial interventions have the potential to regenerate soils and improve crop resilience to climate change factors. The methods used therein include using soil microbes' innate capacity for carbon sequestration, rhizomediation, bio-fertilization, enzyme-mediated breakdown, phyto-stimulation, biocontrol of plant pathogens, antibiosis, inducing the antioxidative defense pathways, induced systemic resistance response (ISR), and releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the host plant. Microbial phytohormones have a major role in altering root shape in response to exposure to drought, salt, severe temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity and also have an impact on the metabolism of endogenous growth regulators in plant tissue. However, shelf life due to the short lifespan and storage time of microbial formulations is still a major challenge, and efforts should be made to evaluate their effectiveness in crop growth based on climate change. This review focuses on the influence of climate change on soil physico-chemical status, climate change adaptation by the soil microbiome, and its future implications.

• MeSH
• Ecosystem MeSH
• Climate Change * MeSH
• Microbiota * MeSH
• Soil chemistry   MeSH
• Soil Microbiology * MeSH
• Plant Growth Regulators metabolism   MeSH
• Crops, Agricultural microbiology   growth & development   MeSH
• Agriculture methods   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Halophilic bacteria are extremophiles that thrive in saline environment. Their ability to withstand such harsh conditions makes them an ideal choice for industrial applications such as lignocellulosic biomass degradation. In this study, a halophilic bacterium with the ability to produce extracellular cellulases and hemicellulases, designated as Nesterenkonia sp. CL21, was isolated from mangrove sediment in Tanjung Piai National Park, Malaysia. Thus far, studies on lignocellulolytic enzymes concerning bacterial species under this genus are limited. To gain a comprehensive understanding of its lignocellulose-degrading potential, the whole genome was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The genome of strain CL21 was assembled into 25 contigs with 3,744,449 bp and a 69.74% GC content and was predicted to contain 3,348 coding genes. Based on taxonomy analysis, strain CL21 shares 73.8 to 82.0% average nucleotide identity with its neighbouring species, below the 95% threshold, indicating its possible status as a distinct species in Nesterenkonia genus. Through in-depth genomic mining, a total of 81 carbohydrate-active enzymes were encoded. Among these, 24 encoded genes were identified to encompass diverse cellulases (GH3), xylanases (GH10, GH11, GH43, GH51, GH127 and CE4), mannanases (GH38 and GH106) and pectinases (PL1, PL9, and PL11). The production of lignocellulolytic enzymes was tested in the presence of several substrates. This study revealed that strain CL21 can produce a diverse array of enzymes which are active at different time points. By combining experimental data with genomic information, the ability of strain CL21 to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes has been elucidated, with potential applications in biorefinery industry.

• MeSH
• Bacterial Proteins genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Cellulases genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Phylogeny * MeSH
• Genome, Bacterial * MeSH
• Genomics * MeSH
• Geologic Sediments microbiology   MeSH
• Glycoside Hydrolases * genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Lignin * metabolism   MeSH
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics   MeSH
• Whole Genome Sequencing MeSH
• Base Composition MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Předčasná ejakulace je jednou z běžných sexuálních poruch mužů. V naší studii jsme se zaměřili na předčasnou ejakulaci jako možný problém celého sexuálního páru. Hodnotili jsme možný vliv předčasné ejakulace mužů na vznik sexuální dysfunkce u jejich partnerek a následné odstranění této ženské dysfunkce pouze léčbou mužů. Z 95 párů bylo do pilotní studie zařazeno 50 párů, které splnily daná kritéria na základě diagnostických nástrojů. U mužů byla potvrzena předčasná ejakulace, u žen sexuální dysfunkce, jejímž zdrojem byla pouze předčasná ejakulace. Výsledky škály Arizona Sexual Experience Scale-Male a Female vykazují Spearmanovu korelaci před léčbou (R = 0,68) a po 6 měsících léčby (R = 0,90). Dále jsme potvrdili vztah mezi Arizona Sexual Experience Scale-Female a Female Sexual Function Index před léčbou (R = 0,42) a po léčbě (R = 0,59). Všechna data byla potvrzena Mannovým-Whitneyovým testem. Výsledky naší pilotní studie poukazují na málo prozkoumaný fakt, že předčasná ejakulace není pouze problémem mužů, ale může se stát následným sexuálním problémem celého páru. Výsledky této pilotní studie představují důležité zjištění o pozitivním účinku léčby mužů s předčasnou ejakulací na následnou sexuální dysfunkci jejich sexuálních partnerek.

Premature ejaculation is one of the common sexual disorders of men. In our study we focused on premature ejaculation as a possible problem for the entire sexual couple. We evaluated the possible effect of men premature ejaculation on the development of sexual dysfunction in their wives and the subsequent elimination of this female dysfunction if only men are treated. Out of 95 couples, 50 couples who met the given criteria based on the diagnostic tools were included in the pilot study. In men, premature ejaculation was confirmed, in women, sexual dysfunction, the source of which was only premature ejaculation. Results of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale-Male and Female relationship are characterized by Spearman’s correlation before treatment (R = 0.68), after 6 months of treatment (R = 0.90). Furthermore, we confirmed the relationship between Arizona Sexual Experience Scale-Female and Female Sexual Function Index before treatment (R = 0.42) and after treatment (R = 0.59). All data were confirmed by the Mann-Whitney test. The results of our pilot study point to the little-explored fact that premature ejaculation is not only a problem for men, but can also form a subsequent sexual problem for the couple as a whole. The results of this pilot study represent important findings regarding the positive effect of treatment of men with premature ejaculation on the resulting sexual dysfunction in their sexual partners.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Paroxetine administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Pilot Projects MeSH
• Premature Ejaculation * diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors MeSH
• Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological diagnosis   MeSH
• Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological diagnosis   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH

Numerous studies have reported that increased interleukin 6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6) levels induce inflammatory conditions. However, the exact mechanisms by which IL-6 drives inflammatory conditions remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the potential role of IL-6/sIL-6R in inducing energy metabolism, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, lactate secretion and Akt/mTOR phosphorylation, in Jurkat cells, and whether IL-6 would increase the risk of developing inflammatory conditions due to the high metabolic profile of the T cells. Jurkat CD4 T-cell lines were stimulated with IL-6/sIL-6R for 24 h prior to 48-h stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28. Lactate secretion, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation levels were characterized using the Seahorse XF analyser. The Akt and mTOR phosphorylation status was detected using Western blotting. IL-6/sIL-6R significantly induced glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and their related parameters, including glycolytic capacity and maximal respiration, followed by significantly increased lactate secretion. Akt and mTOR phosphorylation were increased, which could have resulted from energy metabolism. Here we show that IL-6 enhanced the metabolic profile of Jurkat cells. This effect could have consequences for the metabolism-related signalling pathways, including Akt and mTOR, suggesting that IL-6 might promote T-cell energy metabolism, where T-cell hyperactivity might increase the inflammatory disease risk. The findings should be validated using studies on primary cells isolated from humans.

• MeSH
• Energy Metabolism * drug effects   MeSH
• Phosphorylation drug effects   MeSH
• Glycolysis drug effects   MeSH
• Interleukin-6 * metabolism   MeSH
• Jurkat Cells MeSH
• Lactic Acid metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Oxidative Phosphorylation drug effects   MeSH
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt * metabolism   MeSH
• Signal Transduction * drug effects   MeSH
• TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases * metabolism   MeSH
• Inflammation * metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: Through the agnostic screening of patients with uncharacterised disease phenotypes for an upregulation of type I interferon (IFN) signalling, we identified a cohort of individuals heterozygous for mutations in PTPN1, encoding the protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). We aimed to describe the clinical phenotype and molecular and cellular pathology of this new disease. METHODS: In this case series, we identified patients and collected clinical and neuroradiological data through collaboration with paediatric neurology and clinical genetics colleagues across Europe (Czechia, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, and the UK) and Israel. Variants in PTPN1 were identified by exome and directed Sanger sequencing. The expression of IFN-stimulated genes was determined by quantitative (q) PCR or NanoString technology. Experiments to assess RNA and protein expression and to investigate type 1 IFN signalling were undertaken in patient fibroblasts, hTERT-immortalised BJ-5ta fibroblasts, and RPE-1 cells using CRISPR-Cas9 editing and standard cell biology techniques. FINDINGS: Between Dec 20, 2013, and Jan 11, 2023, we identified 12 patients from 11 families who were heterozygous for mutations in PTPN1. We found ten novel or very rare variants in PTPN1 (frequency on gnomAD version 4.1.0 of <1·25 × 10:sup>-6). Six variants were predicted as STOP mutations, two involved canonical splice-site nucleotides, and two were missense substitutions. In three patients, the variant occurred de novo, whereas in nine affected individuals, the variant was inherited from an asymptomatic parent. The clinical phenotype was characterised by the subacute onset (age range 1-8 years) of loss of motor and language skills in the absence of seizures after initially normal development, leading to spastic dystonia and bulbar involvement. Neuroimaging variably demonstrated cerebral atrophy (sometimes unilateral initially) or high T2 white matter signal. Neopterin in CSF was elevated in all ten patients who were tested, and all probands demonstrated an upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes in whole blood. Although clinical stabilisation and neuroradiological improvement was seen in both treated and untreated patients, in six of eight treated patients, high-dose corticosteroids were judged clinically to result in an improvement in neurological status. Of the four asymptomatic parents tested, IFN signalling in blood was normal (three patients) or minimally elevated (one patient). Analysis of patient blood and fibroblasts showed that tested PTPN1 variants led to reduced levels of PTPN1 mRNA and PTP1B protein, and in-vitro assays demonstrated that loss of PTP1B function was associated with impaired negative regulation of type 1 IFN signalling. INTERPRETATION: PTPN1 haploinsufficiency causes a type 1 IFN-driven autoinflammatory encephalopathy. Notably, some patients demonstrated stabilisation, and even recovery, of neurological function in the absence of treatment, whereas in others, the disease appeared to be responsive to immune suppression. Prospective studies are needed to investigate the safety and efficacy of specific immune suppression approaches in this disease population. FUNDING: The UK Medical Research Council, the European Research Council, and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Haploinsufficiency * genetics   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Mutation genetics   MeSH
• Brain Diseases genetics   MeSH
• Neuroinflammatory Diseases genetics   MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 * genetics   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Background Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that endovascular thrombectomy reduces functional disability in patients with large ischemic stroke; arterial collateral status might be used to select these patients for endovascular thrombectomy. Purpose To investigate whether arterial collateral status modifies the treatment effect of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with large ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods The Efficacy and Safety of Thrombectomy in Stroke with Extended Lesion and Extended Time Window (TENSION) trial was a prospective, multicenter, randomized study investigating participants with acute large ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion. Participants with an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score of 3-5 were enrolled at 41 participating centers between July 2018 and February 2023. Participants were randomly assigned to undergo either endovascular thrombectomy with best medical treatment or best medical treatment alone within 12 hours from stroke onset. Collateral status was graded on pretreatment single-phase CT angiography (CTA) images using the Tan score and dichotomized into poor (grade, 0-1) or good (grade, 2-3) based on the extent of collateral supply filling the affected middle cerebral artery territory. The primary outcome was the shift on the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results Of 253 randomized patients, 201 with pretreatment CTA were included (median age, 74 years; IQR, 66-80 years; 103 [51.2%] female patients; 103 [51.2%] patients underwent endovascular thrombectomy). Endovascular thrombectomy compared with best medical treatment (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 3.69; 95% CI: 2.12, 6.54; P < .001) and good collaterals compared with poor collaterals (adjusted common OR, 2.88; 95% CI: 1.63, 5.11; P < .001) were independently associated with a shift in the 90-day mRS scores toward better functional outcomes. The treatment effect of endovascular thrombectomy over best medical treatment was not modified by collateral status (interaction, P = .88). The treatment effect of endovascular thrombectomy versus best medical treatment was found in patients with good collaterals (adjusted common OR, 3.93; 95% CI: 1.65, 9.69; P = .002) and poor collaterals (adjusted common OR, 3.92; 95% CI: 1.86, 8.52; P < .001). Conclusion In this secondary analysis of data from the TENSION trial, endovascular thrombectomy reduced 90-day functional disability compared with best medical treatment in patients with good and poor collaterals. These findings suggest that patients with large ischemic stroke manifesting within 12 hours after onset should undergo endovascular thrombectomy irrespective of single-phase CTA collateral status. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03094715 © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Benomar and Raymond in this issue.

• MeSH
• Computed Tomography Angiography methods   MeSH
• Endovascular Procedures * methods   MeSH
• Ischemic Stroke * diagnostic imaging   surgery   therapy   MeSH
• Collateral Circulation * MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Thrombectomy * methods   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

Cíl: Montrealský kognitivní test (MoCA) je jednou z nejpoužívanějších screeningových zkoušek kognice u dospělých osob, pro něž existují normy pro českou populaci. Varianta MoCA-22, která je určena pro osoby s poruchami zraku či imobilitou horních končetin, se dá administrovat i po telefonu. Tato studie přináší české normy MoCA-22. Materiál a metodika: Soubor (n = 1 049) se skládá z účastníků čtyř studií provedených v ČR. Zařazeny byly osoby ve věku 19–98 let, bez neurodegenerativního, psychiatrického či jiného závažného onemocnění. Data pro MoCA-22 byla odvozena z dat získaných vyšetřením standardní verzí MoCA. V souladu se zavedenou klinickou praxí i statistickou analýzou jsou soubor a odvozené normy rozděleny na tři věkové kategorie: 19–50 let, 51–74 let, 75 a více let. Výsledky: Pro výše uvedené věkové kategorie dále rozdělené dle dosaženého vzdělání (nižší, vyšší) předkládáme průměrné skóry i odhadované percentilové hranice. Výkon v MoCA-22 je ovlivněn dosaženým vzděláním a věkem, ale nikoli pohlavím. Pro úpravu výsledků dle demografických faktorů proto poskytujeme i regresní rovnici. Závěr: Normativní údaje pro MoCA-22 rozšíří klinické instrumentárium v Česku a umožní adekvátní screening kognice u osob, jež jsou zdravotním stavem limitovány při využití standardních metod.

Aim: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is one of the most widely used cognitive screening tests in adults with reference standards for the Czech population. The MoCA-22 variant is designed for individuals with visual impairment or upper limb immobility and can be administered over the telephone. This study presents the Czech MoCA-22 normative standards. Materials and methods: The sample (N = 1,049) consists of participants from four studies conducted in the Czech Republic. The subjects included were aged 19–98 years, and were without neurodegenerative, psychiatric, or other serious illness. Data for the MoCA-22 were derived from data obtained by the standard version of MoCA. Following established clinical practice and statistical analysis, the population and derived norms are divided into three age categories: 19–50 years, 51–74 years, and 75 years and older. Results: For these age categories above, which were further subdivided by educational status (lower, higher), we present mean scores and estimated percentile thresholds. Performance in the MoCA-22 is affected by demoraphic factors, such as educational status and age but not sex, as reflected by the regression equation. Conclusions: Normative data for MoCA-22 will complement the clinical armamentarium in Czechia and allow adequate cognitive screening in people whose health status limits them when using standard methods.

• Keywords
• Montrealský kognitivní test (MoCA),
• MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Cognition Disorders diagnosis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests * standards   MeSH
• Bedridden Persons MeSH
• Telephone MeSH
• Telemedicine MeSH
• Persons with Visual Disabilities MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH