The prevalence of centenarians, people who lived 100 years and longer, is steadily growing in the last decades. This exceptional longevity is based on multifaceted processes influenced by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as sex, (epi-)genetic factors, gut microbiota, cellular metabolism, exposure to oxidative stress, immune status, cardiovascular risk factors, environmental factors, and lifestyle behavior. Epidemiologically, the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases is reduced in healthy centenarians along with late onset of age-related diseases compared with the general aged population. Understanding the mechanisms that affect vascular ageing in centenarians and the underlying factors could offer valuable insights for developing strategies to improve overall healthy life span in the elderly. This review discusses these key factors influencing vascular ageing and how their modulation could foster healthy longevity.

• MeSH
• Longevity * physiology   MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases physiopathology   epidemiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Oxidative Stress physiology   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aging * physiology   MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology   MeSH
• Healthy Aging physiology   MeSH
• Life Style MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT: Missed, rationed or unfinished nursing care represents a global problem that jeopardizes the provision of quality and safe care. This phenomenon is frequently observed in adult, paediatric and child healthcare facilities and various care units. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: The findings of this review contribute valuable information to inform evidence-based practices, foster organizational improvements and ultimately optimize the overall quality of care in psychiatric healthcare settings. In addition, the review illuminates the far-reaching consequences of care on both patient and nurse outcomes, emphasizing the urgent need for tailored strategies to mitigate these effects. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Based on the synthesis of the literature, a thorough and continuous assessment of patient care needs in the physical, psychological and social domains is needed, primarily utilizing standardized instruments designed for psychiatric settings to ensure a comprehensive understanding of unmet needs. Based on identified unmet needs, nurses should develop individualized care plans and tailor interventions to address them. In addition, nurse managers must adopt and implement regular monitoring mechanisms to track the prevalence of unmet care needs and at the same time establish reporting systems that capture the proportion of unmet needs, allowing timely interventions and adjustments to care delivery. Lastly, nurse managers must not only emphasize the importance of ethical care practices and dignity-focused interventions but also educate healthcare providers, especially nurses, on the potential threats to patient dignity arising from unmet care needs. ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Despite frequent observations of unmet care needs in acute care adult settings, there are a limited number of studies that focus on investigating this phenomenon in the psychiatric setting. AIM: To synthesize the existing empirical research on unmet care needs in psychiatric healthcare settings. METHODS: The search was carried out in August 2023 in four scientific databases, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science and OVID Nursing, based on their institutional availability. The search produced 1129 studies. The search and retrieval process reflected the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. RESULTS: This review included 14 studies investigating unmet care needs in the psychiatric healthcare setting. Unmet care needs included three domains: physical, psychological and social. The analysis of the factors revealed factors related to the characteristics of the organization, nurse and patient. DISCUSSION: The classification of unmet needs provides a comprehensive understanding of the various challenges facing people in psychiatric healthcare settings. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: Identified factors that influence the occurrence of unmet care needs will help prevent the occurrence of unmet care needs and timely assessment. The resolution of needs helps to achieve patient and nurse outcomes, increase the quality of care provided and patient satisfaction in a psychiatric healthcare setting.

• MeSH
• Mental Disorders therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Psychiatric Nursing * standards   MeSH
• Mental Health Services standards   MeSH
• Health Services Needs and Demand MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Background: Activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in the nervous system modulates the processing of acute and chronic pain. CB1R activity is regulated by desensitization and internalization. SH3-containing GRB2-like protein 3-interacting protein 1 (SGIP1) inhibits the internalization of CB1R. This causes increased and prolonged association of the desensitized receptor with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) and beta-arrestin on the cell membrane and results in decreased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway. Genetic deletion of SGIP1 in mice leads to altered CB1R-related functions, such as decreased anxiety-like behaviors, modified cannabinoid tetrad behaviors, reduced acute nociception, and increased sensitivity to analgesics. In this work, we asked if deletion of SGIP1 affects chronic nociception and analgesic effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) in mice. Methods: We measured tactile responses of hind paws to increasing pressure in wild-type and SGIP1 knock-out mice. Inflammation in the paw was induced by local injection of carrageenan. To determine the mechanical sensitivity, the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured using an electronic von Frey instrument with the progression of the applied force. Results: The responses to mechanical stimuli varied depending on the sex, genotype, and treatment. SGIP1 knock-out male mice exhibited lower PWT than wild-type males. On the contrary, the female mice exhibited comparable PWT. Following THC or WIN treatment in male mice, SGIP1 knock-out males exhibited PWT lower than wild-type males. THC treatment in SGIP1 knock-out females resulted in PWT higher than after THC treatment of wild-type females. However, SGIP1 knock-out and wild-type female mice exhibited similar PWT after WIN treatment. Conclusions: We provide evidence that SGIP1, possibly by interacting with CB1R, is involved in processing the responses to chronic pain. The absence of SGIP1 results in enhanced sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in males, but not females. The antinociceptive effect of THC is superior to that of WIN in SGIP1 knock-out mice in the carrageenan-induced model of chronic pain.

• MeSH
• Benzoxazines * pharmacology   MeSH
• Hyperalgesia * genetics   MeSH
• Morpholines pharmacology   MeSH
• Mice, Inbred C57BL MeSH
• Mice, Knockout * MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Naphthalenes MeSH
• Nociception drug effects   MeSH
• Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 * genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Dronabinol * pharmacology   MeSH
• Inflammation * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

AIM: Exposure to light at night and meal time misaligned with the light/dark (LD) cycle-typical features of daily life in modern 24/7 society-are associated with negative effects on health. To understand the mechanism, we developed a novel protocol of complex chronodisruption (CD) in which we exposed female rats to four weekly cycles consisting of 5-day intervals of constant light and 2-day intervals of food access restricted to the light phase of the 12:12 LD cycle. METHODS: We examined the effects of CD on behavior, estrous cycle, sleep patterns, glucose homeostasis and profiles of clock- and metabolism-related gene expression (using RT qPCR) and liver metabolome and lipidome (using untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic profiling). RESULTS: CD attenuated the rhythmic output of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus via Prok2 signaling, thereby disrupting locomotor activity, the estrous cycle, sleep patterns, and mutual phase relationship between the central and peripheral clocks. In the periphery, CD abolished Per1,2 expression rhythms in peripheral tissues (liver, pancreas, colon) and worsened glucose homeostasis. In the liver, it impaired the expression of NAD+, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism genes and abolished most of the high-amplitude rhythms of lipids and polar metabolites. Interestingly, CD abolished the circadian rhythm of Cpt1a expression and increased the levels of long-chain acylcarnitines (ACar 18:2, ACar 16:0), indicating enhanced fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria. CONCLUSION: Our data show the widespread effects of CD on metabolism and point to ACars as biomarkers for CD due to misaligned sleep and feeding patterns.

• MeSH
• Circadian Clocks physiology   MeSH
• Circadian Rhythm * physiology   MeSH
• Photoperiod MeSH
• Liver * metabolism   MeSH
• Carnitine * analogs & derivatives   metabolism   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Metabolome * MeSH
• Suprachiasmatic Nucleus metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

To investigate the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on the cognitive function of mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD), while also identifying the cellular pathways associated with autophagy involved in the treatment. Twenty-four APP/PSl double transgenic mice were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B, while another 24 C57 mice were randomly allocated to Group C or Group D. HBOT was administered to mice in Group B and Group D, and the Morris water maze test was used to assess changes in mice behavior. Histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted to observe pathological alterations in the hippocampus of the mice brain tissue. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to analyze autophagy-related gene pathways in the hippocampus of the mice. Following HBOT, mice in Group B exhibited a significant reduction in escape latency and a notable increase in residence time within the target quadrant compared with Group A (P<0.05), as well as Group C and Group D (P<0.01). The hippocampal neurons in Group A and Group B mice exhibited disorganized arrangements, characterized by pyknosis and margination. Conversely, neurons in Group C displayed orderly arrangements, retaining intact structures with round nuclei demonstrating clear nuclear staining and normal morphology. The cellular morphology of mice in Group D remained unaffected. PCR analysis revealed no notable disparity in autophagy-related gene expression between Group A and Group C. However, the expression levels of five genes including Tgfb1, Mapk14, Bid, Atg7, and Akt1, were significantly elevated in Group B compared to Group A. HBOT has the potential to improve the cognitive function in mice modeled with AD. This improvement of cognitive function appears to be mediated by the up-regulation of autophagy-related genes, specifically Tgfb1, Mapk14, Bid, Atg7, and Akt1. These results indicate that HBOT may offer a therapeutic strategy for treating AD by enhancing autophagy mechanisms. Key words Alzheimer's disease, Autophagy, Hyperbaric oxygen, Morris water maze, PCR.

• MeSH
• Alzheimer Disease * therapy   metabolism   genetics   psychology   MeSH
• Autophagy * physiology   MeSH
• Hippocampus metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Hyperbaric Oxygenation * MeSH
• Cognition * physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal MeSH
• Mice, Inbred C57BL * MeSH
• Mice, Transgenic * MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Signal Transduction * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) are autoimmune illnesses characterised by chronic inflammation demonstrating differential associations with psychiatric conditions. OBJECTIVE: In this matched-cohort study, we aimed to investigate whether the associations between these inflammatory illnesses and mental disorders are predominantly the consequence of the burden of the former or whether common causes might underpin the susceptibility to both. METHODS: Using Czech national inpatient care data, we identified individuals with RA or axSpA during the years 1999-2012. We investigated the occurrence of psychiatric outcomes up to 2017 using stratified Cox proportional hazards models. In evidence triangulation, we assessed the potential moderation by age at inflammatory illness, the associations relative to counterparts with other similarly burdensome chronic illnesses and the temporal ordering of conditions. FINDINGS: Both RA and axSpA were associated with mood and anxiety disorders and behavioural syndromes. In evidence triangulation, the associations with depression showed a decreasing age-at-inflammatory-illness gradient in RA; the association between RA and depression was stronger than that between other chronic illnesses and depression; and excluding prevalent depression attenuated the RA-depression association. RA showed consistent inverse associations with schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Common aetiologies might be involved in increasing the risk of developing both RA and depression. The consistent inverse associations between RA and schizophrenia and between RA and Alzheimer's disease suggest that at least part of these associations might also be a consequence of shared aetiologies as well as potential medication effects. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: People with autoimmune arthritides are more likely to experience mood and anxiety disorders, even relative to counterparts with other similarly burdensome chronic illnesses.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Mental Disorders * epidemiology   immunology   MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Arthritis, Rheumatoid * epidemiology   immunology   psychology   complications   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Spondylarthritis immunology   epidemiology   psychology   MeSH
• Inflammation epidemiology   immunology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Článek se zabývá souvislostmi mezi idiopatickými střevními záněty (IBD – inflammatory bowel disease) a psychiatrickými onemocněními. Zaměřuje se na úzkostnou a depresivní poruchu, které jsou nejčastější. Zmiňuje současné poznatky o epidemiologii těchto psychiatrických poruch u pacientů s IBD. Stručně popisuje patofyziologické mechanizmy. Autorky článku zdůrazňují výhodu časné diagnostiky už v ambulanci gastroenterologa, nabízí možnosti screeningových metod – dotazníků na úzkost (GAD-7) a depresi (PHQ-9). Přestože je vhodná spolupráce s psychiatry a psychoterapeuty, možnost léčby úzkostných a depresivních příznaků může využít i gastroenterolog. Článek zmiňuje nejčastější psychoterapeutické postupy a možnosti farmakologické léčby. Cílem článku je pomoci gastroenterologům v diagnostice a léčbě úzkostné a depresivní poruchy u pacientů s IBD.

The article deals with the connections between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psychiatric diseases. It focuses on anxiety and depressive disorders, which are the most common. It outlines current knowledge about the epidemiology of these psychiatric disorders in patients with IBD. It briefly describes the pathophysiological mechanisms. The authors emphasize the advantage of early diagnosis in gastroenterological practices, and offer options for screening methods such as questionnaires for anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9). Although cooperation with psychiatrists and psychotherapists is desirable, gastroenterologists can also treat anxiety and depressive symptoms by themselves. The article mentions the most common psychotherapeutic procedures and pharmacological treatment. The aim of the article is to help gastroenterologists in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with IBD.

• MeSH
• Depression diagnosis   etiology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Mental Disorders * diagnosis   epidemiology   classification   physiopathology   MeSH
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases * diagnosis   psychology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Psychotherapy methods   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Anxiety Disorders diagnosis   etiology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

The disease currently known as frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has undergone a complex evolution from its first description by Arnold Pick and later by Alois Alzheimer, through the first clinicopathological criteria introduced by David Neary and David Mann, to its current nomenclatural perception as a complex clinicopathological entity. Currently, Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is viewed as a heterogeneous syndrome caused by progressive degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Clinically, it can manifest as three syndromes of frontotemporal dementia (behavioral variant of FTD, progressive non-fluent aphasia and semantic dementia) but also as so-called "overlap" syndromes involving corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. Its prevalence is about 10 % among all dementias and 40 % among dementias with onset between 45 and 65 years of age. The clinical manifestation of the different subtypes varies, the common denominator being behavioral disturbances and impairment of fatic, gnostic and executive functions. Mnestic and visuo-spatial functions, although preserved for a relatively long time, are superimposed by personality disintegration, fatic, gnostic and executive dysfunction. Compared with Alzheimer's disease, it generally has an earlier age of onset, a more rapid course and more devastating impairment of individual cognitive domains. FTD has a heritability of more than 30 % according to current knowledge. The main genes involved are MAPT, C9orf72 and GRN. More rarely affected genes are VCP, TDP-43, FUS and CHMP2B. In our article, we focus on the genetics of FTD and the clinic-genetic-pathological correlations. We also aim to provide a plastic picture of how individual mutations affect the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration.

• MeSH
• Epigenesis, Genetic genetics   MeSH
• Frontotemporal Dementia * diagnosis   genetics   classification   MeSH
• Genetic Testing methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Primary Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia diagnosis   genetics   MeSH
• Progranulins genetics   MeSH
• tau Proteins genetics   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Cerebellar extinction lesions can manifest themselves with cerebellar motor and cerebellar cognitive affective syndromes. For investigation of the functions of the cerebellum and the pathogenesis of cerebellar diseases, particularly hereditary neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxias, various cerebellar mutant mice are used. The Lurcher mouse is a model of selective olivocerebellar degeneration with early onset and rapid progress. These mice show both motor deficits as well as cognitive and behavioral changes i.e., pathological phenotype in the functional domains affected in cerebellar patients. Therefore, Lurcher mice might be considered as a tool to investigate the mechanisms of functional impairments caused by cerebellar degenerative diseases. There are, however, limitations due to the particular features of the neurodegenerative process and a lack of possibilities to examine some processes in mice. The main advantage of Lurcher mice would be the expected absence of significant neuropathologies outside the olivocerebellar system that modify the complex behavioral phenotype in less selective models. However, detailed examinations and further thorough validation of the model are needed to verify this assumption.

• MeSH
• Cerebellar Ataxia genetics   physiopathology   pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal * MeSH
• Cerebellum pathology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Mice, Neurologic Mutants MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Cerebellar Diseases * pathology   physiopathology   genetics   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Animals and humans receive the most critical information from parts of the environment that are immediately inaccessible and highly dynamic. The brain must effectively process potential interactions between elements in such an environment to make appropriate decisions in critical situations. We trained male Long-Evans rats to discriminate static and dynamic spatial stimuli and to generalize novel dynamic spatial stimuli displayed on an inaccessible computer screen. We provide behavioral evidence indicating that rats encode dynamic visuospatial situations by constructing internal static representations that capture meaningful future interactions between objects. These observations support previous findings in humans that such internal static representations can encapsulate relevant spatiotemporal information of dynamic environments. This mechanism would allow animals and humans to process complex time-changing situations neatly.

• MeSH
• Behavior, Animal physiology   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Rats, Long-Evans * MeSH
• Space Perception * physiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH