Cíl studie: Analýza klinického přínosu array vyšetření choriové biopsie (CVS) a návrh efektivnějšího postupu genetického vyšetření v I. trimestru. Typ studie: Retrospektivní studie. Název a sídlo pracoviště: Gennet, Centrum lékařské genetiky a reprodukční medicíny, Praha. Materiál a metodika: V rámci prenatální diagnostiky v I. trimestru bylo u 913 vzorků CVS provedeno QF-PCR (screening aneuploidií chromozomů 13,18, 21, X, Y) a stanovení karyotypu. Paralelně s těmito metodami bylo u 179 vzorků s normálním výsledkem z obou metod provedeno vyšetření SNP-array (Illumina HumanCytoSNP12 v2.1). Výsledky: Metodou QF-PCR bylo zachyceno 229 chromozomálních aneuploidií z 911 úspěšně provedených vyšetření (25 %). Konvenčními cytogenetickými metodami byly zachyceny nebalancované chromozomální aberace u 239 z 897 úspěšně vyšetřených plodů (27 %), v 95 % šlo o potvrzení výsledku QF-PCR (227/239), 10 nebalancovaných chromozomálních aberací nezahrnovalo chromozomy sledované metodou QF-PCR. Metodou array bylo u plodů s normálním výsledkem z obou výše uvedených metod odhaleno dalších 13 klinicky relevantních chromozomálních aberací (7,5 %). Závěr: Na základě analýzy našich dat a publikovaných studií jsme v laboratořích Gennetu navrhli nový algoritmus pro vyšetření choriových klků v I. trimestru. Hlavní změnou je nahrazení karyotypu metodou array u všech plodů, kde je normální výsledek z QF-PCR. Výsledkem bude efektivnější záchyt patologických klinicky relevantních chromozomálních aberací u vyšetřovaných plodů.

Objective: Array technology in chorionic villus sampling (CVS) – analysis of clinical benefit and a proposal of a more effective 1st trimester genetic testing policy. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Gennet, Center of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Prague. Material and methods: Total of 913 CVS were performed at Gennet between 2010–2014. All 913 samples were tested by QF-PCR rapid test for aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y and karyotyping following standard long term culture. Microarray analysis (Illumina HumanCytoSNP12 v2.1) was performed on 179 samples with normal result from both – QF-PCR and karyotyping. Results: At 229 samples the common chromosomal aneuploidy was detected using rapid QF-PCR (25% from 911 successful rapid tests). Conventional karyotyping revealed 239 unbalanced chromosome aberrations (27% from 897 successful cultivations). 227/239 (95%) positive karyotypes confirmed QF-PCR finding of common aneuploidies. 10 unbalanced chromosome aberrations were not covered by rapid QF-PCR test. Microarray analysis of samples with normal result from both– QF-PCR and karyotyping– revealed 13 clinically relevant chromosome aberrations (7.5%). Conclusion: New policy for chorionic villi testing at Gennet was established. Based on evaluation of the results of karyotyping, array and QF-PCR and analysis of published data we decided to replace karyotyping by microarray analysis in all cases of foetuses with normal results from QF-PCR. More effective detection of pathological and clinically relevant chromosome aberrations in examined foetuses is expected.

• Klíčová slova
• QF-PCR, kvantitativní fluorescenční PCR,
• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• aneuploidie MeSH
• chromozomální poruchy * diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• cytogenetické vyšetření metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• karyotypizace MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odběr choriových klků * MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• prenatální diagnóza MeSH
• první trimestr těhotenství MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů * MeSH
• srovnávací genomová hybridizace MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ultrasonografie prenatální MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Interactions between glycans and glycan binding proteins are essential for numerous processes in all kingdoms of life. Glycan microarrays are an excellent tool to examine protein-glycan interactions. Here, we present a microbe-focused glycan microarray platform based on oligosaccharides obtained by chemical synthesis. Glycans were generated by combining different carbohydrate synthesis approaches including automated glycan assembly, solution-phase synthesis, and chemoenzymatic methods. The current library of more than 300 glycans is as diverse as the mammalian glycan array from the Consortium for Functional Glycomics and, due to its microbial focus, highly complementary. This glycan platform is essential for the characterization of various classes of glycan binding proteins. Applications of this glycan array platform are highlighted by the characterization of innate immune receptors and bacterial virulence factors as well as the analysis of human humoral immunity to pathogenic glycans.

• MeSH
• antigeny bakteriální chemie   imunologie   MeSH
• CHO buňky MeSH
• Cricetulus MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• glykomika MeSH
• imunitní systém MeSH
• lektiny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikročipová analýza metody   MeSH
• oligosacharidy MeSH
• polysacharidy chemie   klasifikace   imunologie   MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH
• transportní proteiny chemie   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

New bioanalytical SPE-HPLC-PDA-FL method for the determination of the neuroleptic drug tiapride and its N-desethyl metabolite was developed, validated and applied to xenobiochemical and pharmacokinetic studies in humans and animals. The sample preparation process involved solid-phase extraction of diluted plasma spiked with sulpiride (an internal standard) using SPE cartridges DSC-PH Supelco, USA. Chromatographic separation of the extracts was performed on a Discovery HS F5 250 mm × 4 mm (Supelco) column containing pentafluorophenylpropylsilyl silica gel. Mobile phase (acetonitrile-0.01 M phosphate buffer pH=3, flow rate 1 ml min(-1)) in the gradient mode was employed in the HPLC analysis. Tandem UV photodiode-array→fluorescence detection was used for the determination of the analytes. Low concentrations of tiapride and N-desethyl tiapride were determined using a more selective fluorescence detector (λ(exc.)/λ(emiss.)=232 nm/334 nm), high concentrations (500-6000 pmol ml(-1)) using a UV PDA detector at 212 nm with a linear response. Each HPLC run lasted 15 min. Lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) for tiapride (N-desethyl tiapride) were found to be 8.24 pmol ml(-1) (10.11 pmol ml(-1)). The recoveries of tiapride ranged from 89.3 to 94.3%, 81.7 to 86.8% for internal standard sulpiride and 90.9 to 91.8% for N-desethyl tiapride.

• MeSH
• extrakce na pevné fázi MeSH
• fluorescenční spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• jaterní mikrozomy metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová metody   MeSH
• sulpirid krev   MeSH
• tiapamil-hydrochlorid analogy a deriváty   krev   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Galantamine, an alkaloid isolated from the bulbs and flowers of Caucasian snowdrop (Galanthus woronowii, Amaryllidaceae) and related species, is employed in human medicine for the treatment of various neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases. After the administration, the products of oxidative biotransformation (O-desmethyl-galantamine, N-desmethyl-galantamine, galantamine-N-oxide) and chiral conversion (epigalantamine) are formed in various concentrations from parent compound. For the identification and determination of galantamine and its phase I metabolites in blood plasma and tissues, a new bioanalytical method based on a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV photodiode-array, fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection was developed, validated and applied to pharmacokinetic and biotransformation studies. Sample preparation included a homogenization of the rat tissues (liver, brain, hypophysis) in a phosphate buffer 0.05 mol/L pH 7.4. Plasma samples and tissue homogenates were purified using a mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (Waters Oasis MCX cartridges). Galantamine, its above-mentioned metabolites and the internal standard codeine were separated on a Discovery HS F5 column (Supelco, 150 mmx4.6 mm I.D., 5 microm) at flow rate of 1 mL/min using a linear gradient elution. UV photodiode-array and mass spectrometric detection were employed for the identification of individual galantamine metabolites in various biomatrices, the fluorescence detection (lambdaexcit=280 nm/lambdaemiss=310 nm) was chosen for the quantification of galantamine and its metabolites. The developed method was applicable in liver tissue in the range from 0.50 to 63.47 nmol/g of galantamine, from 0.32 to 41.42 nmol/g of O-desmethyl-galantamine, from 0.54 to 69.40 nmol/g of N-desmethyl-galantamine and from 0.70 to 89.03 nmol/g of epigalantamine. Limit of detection was found to be 0.04 nmol/g for galantamine, 0.19 nmol/g for O-desmethyl-galantamine, and 0.07 nmol/g for N-desmethyl-galantamine and epigalantamine.

• MeSH
• extrakce na pevné fázi metody   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fluorescenční spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• galantamin analýza   chemie   krev   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• hypofýza chemie   MeSH
• játra chemie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• mozek - chemie MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová metody   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

The objective of this study was the determination of 25 phenolic compounds in different mead samples (honeywines) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with coulometric-array detection and in case of hydroxymethylfurfural with UV detection. Our method was optimized in respect to both the separation selectivity of individual phenolic compounds and the maximum sensitivity with the electrochemical detection. The method development included the optimization of mobile phase composition, the pH value, conditions of the gradient elution and the flow rate using a window-diagram approach. The developed method was used for the determination of limits of detection and limits of quantitation for individual compounds. The linearity of calibration curves, accuracy and precision (intra- and inter-day) at three concentration levels (low, middle and high concentration range) were verified. Mead samples were diluted with the mobile phase at 1:1 to 1:50 ratio depending on the concentration and filtered through a PTFE filter without any other sample pre-treatment. Phenolic compounds concentration was determined in 50 real samples of meads and correlated with meads composition and hydroxymethylfurfural concentration. The most frequently occurred compounds were protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid (both of them were present in 98% samples), the least occurred compounds were (+)-catechin (10% samples) and sinapic acid (12% samples). Vanillin and ethylvanillin, which are used as artificial additives for the taste improvement, were found in 60% and 42% samples, respectively. Hydroxymethylfurfural concentration, as an indicator of honey quality, was in the range from 2.47 to 158 mg/L. Our method is applicable for the determination of 25 phenolic compounds in mead, honey and related natural samples.

• MeSH
• 2-furaldehyd analogy a deriváty   analýza   chemie   MeSH
• fenoly analýza   chemie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• nápoje analýza   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová metody   MeSH
• víno analýza   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH

The separation of seven phenolic compounds including gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, quercitrin, rutin, phloridzin, and phloretin present in apple peel and pulp and differing in elution properties has been optimized using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Several stationary phases were tested to achieve the efficient separation of phenolic compounds in fruit extracts and C18 was found to be the most efficient. Core-shell and fully porous C18 packings were assessed with respect to the complex composition of the fruit extracts. The developed high-performance liquid chromatography method comprised gradient elution in which mobile phase A was water at pH 2.8 adjusted with acetic acid and B was acetonitrile. The gradient shape was the following: 0 min 95% A/5% B, 2.5 min 85% A/15% B, 12 min 50% A/50% B, 15 min 95% A/5% B. The flow rate was 1 mL/min, injection volume 10 μL, and UV detection at 255, 280, 320, and 365 nm was applied. Our method was validated for both C18 core-shell and fully porous packings. The resolution 6.2-14.8, symmetry 0.99-1.34, peak capacity 18-60, peak area repeatability 0.45-1.00% relative standard deviation, calibration range 0.125-5 mg/mL (0.25-10 mg/mL for chlorogenic acid and rutin), correlation coefficients of calibration curve 0.9976-0.9997, and accuracy evaluated as recovery 95.56-107.54% were determined for the core-shell column.

• MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• Malus chemie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní farmakokinetika   moč   MeSH
• biotransformace MeSH
• butanony farmakokinetika   moč   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• střeva chemie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• žluč chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

Although benzimidazole anthelmintic flubendazole, methyl ester of [5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamic acid, is extensively used in veterinary and human medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal parasitic helminth infections, reliable data about its pharmacokinetics in various species have not been reported. Our previous work [M. Nobilis, Th. Jira, M. Lisa, M. Holcapek, B. Szotakova, J. Lamka, L.Skalova, J. Chromatogr. A 1149 (2007) 112-120] had described the stereospecificity of carbonyl reduction during phase I metabolic experiments in vitro. For in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, further improvement and optimization of bioanalytical HPLC method in terms of sensitivity and selectivity was necessary. Hence, a modified chiral bioanalytical HPLC method involving both UV photodiode-array and fluorescence detection for the determination of flubendazole, both enantiomers of reduced flubendazole and hydrolyzed flubendazole in the extracts from plasma samples was tested and validated. Albendazole was used as an internal standard. Sample preparation process involved a pH-dependent extraction of the analytes from the blood plasma into tert-butylmethyl ether. Chromatographic separations were performed on a Chiralcel OD-R 250 mm x 4.6mm column with mobile phase methanol-1M NaClO(4) (75:25, v/v) at the flow rate 0.5 ml min(-1). In quantitation, selective UV absorption maxima of 290 nm (for reduced flubendazole), 295 nm (for albendazole), 310 nm (for flubendazole) and 330 nm (for hydrolyzed flubendazole) were used in the UV photodiode-array detection, and lambda(exc.)/lambda(emis.)=228 nm/310 nm (for reduced flubendazole) and lambda(exc.)/lambda(emis.)=236 nm/346 nm (for albendazole) were set on the fluorescence detector. The fluorescence detection was approximately 10-times more sensitive than the UV detection. Each HPLC run lasted 27 min. The validated chiral HPLC-PDA-FL method was employed in the pharmacokinetic studies of flubendazole in sheep. The stereospecificity of the enzymatic carbonyl reduction of flubendazole was also observed in vivo. (+)-Reduced flubendazole was found to be the principal metabolite in ovine blood plasma and only low concentrations of hydrolyzed flubendazole, the parent flubendazole and (-)-reduced flubendazole were detected in this biomatrix.

• MeSH
• anthelmintika farmakokinetika   krev   MeSH
• fluorescenční spektrometrie MeSH
• mebendazol analogy a deriváty   farmakokinetika   krev   MeSH
• ovce domácí MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová MeSH
• stereoizomerie MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: The ability to eliminate a parental genome from a eukaryotic germ cell is a phenomenon observed mostly in hybrid organisms displaying an alternative propagation to sexual reproduction. For most taxa, the underlying cellular pathways and timing of the elimination process is only poorly understood. In the water frog hybrid Pelophylax esculentus (parental taxa are P. ridibundus and P. lessonae) the only described mechanism assumes that one parental genome is excluded from the germline during metamorphosis and prior to meiosis, while only second genome enters meiosis after endoreduplication. Our study of hybrids from a P. ridibundus-P. esculentus-male populations known for its production of more types of gametes shows that hybridogenetic mechanism of genome elimination is not uniform. RESULTS: Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on mitotic and meiotic cell stages, we identified at least two pathways of meiotic mechanisms. One type of Pelophylax esculentus males provides supporting evidence of a premeiotic elimination of one parental genome. In several other males we record the presence of both parental genomes in the late phases of meiotic prophase I (diplotene) and metaphase I. CONCLUSION: Some P. esculentus males have no genome elimination from the germ line prior to meiosis. Considering previous cytological and experimental evidence for a formation of both ridibundus and lessonae sperm within a single P. esculentus individual, we propose a hypothesis that genome elimination from the germline can either be postponed to the meiotic stages or absent altogether in these hybrids.

• MeSH
• genom MeSH
• hybridizace genetická MeSH
• karyotypizace MeSH
• meióza * MeSH
• mitóza MeSH
• Ranidae genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• rozmnožování * MeSH
• srovnávací genomová hybridizace metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH