• MeSH
• Evropská unie MeSH
• pesticidy toxicita   MeSH
• rostliny MeSH
• zákonodárství lékařské trendy   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

V této experimentální studii byl zkoumán účinek kombinovaného rostlinného přípravku Pancreo-Plant® v dávce 72 mg/kg a srovnávacího léčiva silymarinu v dávce 25 mg/kg na úmrtnost zvířat, cytolytickou aktivitu, oxidaci volnými radikály a funkční aktivitu jater v podmínky akutní experimentální ischemie. Byl zjištěn výrazný antioxidační účinek studovaného přípravku, který se projevil snížením obsahu produktů lipidové peroxidace, konkrétně kyseliny thiobarbiturové a dienových konjugátů a normalizací enzymatických a neenzymatických řetězců endogenní antioxidační ochrany (snížený glutathion, kataláza). V případě akutního selhání jater vykazoval Pancreo-Plant® významný anticytolytický účinek, obnovil metabolismus sacharidů a schopnost jatek syntetizovat bílkoviny. Bylo zjištěno, že celková hepatoprotektivní aktivita kombinovaného rostlinného přípravku Pancreo-Plant® převýšila aktivitu srovnávaného léčiva silymarinu.

In this experimental study, the effects of the combined herbal drug Pancreo-Plant® at a dose of 72 mg/kg and the comparison drug silymarin at a dose of 25 mg/ kg on animal mortality, cytolysis activity, free radical oxidation, and functional activity of the liver in the conditions of acute experimental ischemia have been studied. A pronounced antioxidant effect of the studied agent has been found which was manifested in the reduction of the lipid peroxidation products content, namely thiobarbituric acid products and diene conjugates and normalization of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic chains of endogenous antioxidant protection (reduced glutathione, catalase). In the case of acute liver failure, Pancreo-Plant® exhibited a significant anti-cytolytic effect, restored carbohydrate metabolism and protein-synthetic function of the liver. It was found that the total hepatoprotective activity of the combined herbal drug Pancreo-Plant® exceeded the activity of the comparison drug silymarin.

• Klíčová slova
• akutní jaterní ischemie, anticytolytický účinek, Pancreo-Plant®,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ischemie MeSH
• játra * účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• nemoci jater farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Anthropogenic disturbance and the spread of non-native species disrupt natural communities, but also create novel interactions between species. By-product mutualisms, in which benefits accrue as side effects of partner behaviour or morphology, are often non-specific and hence may persist in novel ecosystems. We tested this hypothesis for a two-way by-product mutualism between epiphytic ferns and their ant inhabitants in the Bornean rain forest, in which ants gain housing in root-masses while ferns gain protection from herbivores. Specifically, we assessed how the specificity (overlap between fern and ground-dwelling ants) and the benefits of this interaction are altered by selective logging and conversion to an oil palm plantation habitat. We found that despite the high turnover of ant species, ant protection against herbivores persisted in modified habitats. However, in ferns growing in the oil palm plantation, ant occupancy, abundance and species richness declined, potentially due to the harsher microclimate. The specificity of the fern-ant interactions was also lower in the oil palm plantation habitat than in the forest habitats. We found no correlations between colony size and fern size in modified habitats, and hence no evidence for partner fidelity feedbacks, in which ants are incentivised to protect fern hosts. Per species, non-native ant species in the oil palm plantation habitat (18 % of occurrences) were as important as native ones in terms of fern protection and contributed to an increase in ant abundance and species richness with fern size. We conclude that this by-product mutualism persists in logged forest and oil palm plantation habitats, with no detectable shift in partner benefits. Such persistence of generalist interactions in novel ecosystems may be important for driving ecosystem functioning.

• MeSH
• Arecaceae MeSH
• býložravci * MeSH
• deštný prales * MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• Formicidae * klasifikace   MeSH
• kapradiny * MeSH
• kořeny rostlin MeSH
• mikroklima MeSH
• nemoci rostlin MeSH
• odolnost vůči nemocem MeSH
• symbióza * MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
• zemědělství * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Borneo MeSH

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• pesticidy analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH

The inhibitory effect of some plant oil aromatics against three strains of Arcobacter butzleri, two strains of Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and one strain of Arcobacter skirrowii was evaluated. When MICs were determined using the broth macrodilution method, cinnamaldehyde was most inhibitory followed by thymol, carvacrol, caffeic acid, tannic acid, and eugenol (P < 0.001). Sublethal concentrations of the three most potent plant oil aromatics also were examined. Overall, cinnamaldehyde was the most bacteriostatic against all arcobacters tested except A. butzleri when these strains were exposed to the MIC25 of this aromatic aldehyde. The bacteriostatic activities of thymol and carvacrol were concentration and species dependent.

• MeSH
• akrolein analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• Arcobacter růst a vývoj   účinky léků   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• eugenol farmakologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• konzervace potravin metody   MeSH
• kyseliny kávové farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• monoterpeny farmakologie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
• potravinářské konzervační látky farmakologie   MeSH
• spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů MeSH
• taniny farmakologie   MeSH
• thymol farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are vital components of the innate immune system of nearly all living organisms. They generally act in the first line of defense against various pathogenic bacteria, parasites, enveloped viruses and fungi. These low molecular mass peptides are considered prospective therapeutic agents due to their broad-spectrum rapid activity, low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and unique mode of action which hinders emergence of pathogen resistance. In addition to medical use, AMPs can also be employed for development of innovative approaches for plant protection in agriculture. Conferred disease resistance by AMPs might help us surmount losses in yield, quality and safety of agricultural products due to plant pathogens. Heterologous expression in plant-based systems, also called plant molecular farming, offers cost-effective large-scale production which is regarded as one of the most important factors for clinical or agricultural use of AMPs. This review presents various types of AMPs as well as plant-based platforms ranging from cell suspensions to whole plants employed for peptide production. Although AMP production in plants holds great promises for medicine and agriculture, specific technical limitations regarding product yield, function and stability still remain. Additionally, establishment of particular stable expression systems employing plants or plant tissues generally requires extended time scale for platform development compared to certain other heterologous systems. Therefore, fast and promising tools for evaluation of plant-based expression strategies and assessment of function and stability of the heterologously produced AMPs are critical for molecular farming and plant protection.

• MeSH
• biotechnologie metody   MeSH
• exprese genu * MeSH
• kationické antimikrobiální peptidy biosyntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• rostliny metabolismus   MeSH
• zemědělství metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

After a ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in farm animals in the European Union in 2006, an interest in alternative products with antibacterial or anti-inflammatory properties has increased. In this study, we therefore tested the effects of extracts from Curcuma longa and Scutellaria baicalensis used as feed additives against cecal inflammation induced by heat stress or Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) infection in chickens. Curcuma extract alone was not enough to decrease gut inflammation induced by heat stress. However, a mixture of Curcuma and Scutellaria extracts used as feed additives decreased gut inflammation induced by heat or S. Enteritidis, decreased S. Enteritidis counts in the cecum but was of no negative effect on BW or humoral immune response. Using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA we found out that supplementation of feed with the 2 plant extracts had no effect on microbiota diversity. However, if the plant extract supplementation was provided to the chickens infected with S. Enteritidis, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus, both bacterial genera with known positive effects on gut health were positively selected. The supplementation of chicken feed with extracts from Curcuma and Scutelleria thus may be used in poultry production to effectively decrease gut inflammation and increase chicken performance.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• antiflogistika aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• Curcuma chemie   MeSH
• dieta veterinární   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata analýza   MeSH
• kur domácí * MeSH
• mikrobiota účinky léků   MeSH
• nemoci drůbeže farmakoterapie   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky analýza   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• Salmonella enteritidis účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• salmonelová infekce u zvířat farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• šišák chemie   MeSH
• zánět farmakoterapie   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Increasing emissions of heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, and arsenic into the environment pose an acute problem for all organisms. As a mass of protection, many of them, develop mechanisms of full resistance or at least exhibit partially resisting toward these effects. In this way, based on the chemical similarity of the involved metallic species, they are able, to replace them with viable metals necessary for the effective functioning of the cell. These heavy metals may be bound to the functional groups of proteins and modify their structure and through this also affect their physiological function 1, 2. Higher plants, algae, certain yeasts and animals are able to respond to heavy metals by synthesizing phytochelatins (PCs) and related cysteine-rich polypeptides. Phytochelatin synthases are γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glu-Cys) dipeptidyl transpeptidases that catalyze the synthesis of heavy metal-binding PCs 3, 4. PCs, cysteine-rich peptides, are produced from glutamine, cysteine and glycine. Unlike commonmetal-binding structures, MT and GSH, PCs are not gene-encoded, but enzymatically synthesized peptides 5. PCs have been identified in a wide variety of plant species, microorganisms and some invertebrates 6-10. They are structurally related to glutathione (GSH) and were presumed to be the products of a biosynthetic pathway. Numerous physiological, biochemical and genetic studies have confirmed GSH as the substrate for PCs biosynthesis 11, 12. The general structure of PCs is (c-Glu-Cys)n-Gly, with increasing repetitions of the dipeptide Glu-Cys linked through a c-carboxylamide bond (Fig 1), where n varies from 2 to 11, but typically reaching not further than five 13. Except glycine, also other amino acid residues can be found on C-terminal end of (γ-Glu-Cys)n peptides. Examples of which, like Ser, Glu, Gln and Ala are often found at this position in some plant species, and they are assumed to be functionally analogous and synthesised via essentially similar biochemical pathways 14, 15. In in vitro studies of PC synthase expressed in E. coli or in S. cerevisiae, the enzyme was activated to varying extents by Cd, Cu, Ag, Hg, Zn and Pb ions 16-18. PC synthase genes were also isolated in A.thaliana 16 and T.aestivum 18. Genes homologous to those from A.thaliana and T.aestivum were also found in S.pombe and C.elegans, suggesting the existence of PC synthase genes in more species 19.

• MeSH
• chemické techniky analytické metody   MeSH
• fytochelatiny * biosyntéza   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostliny metabolismus   MeSH
• těžké kovy * metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Measurements of activity concentration of radon gas and radon decay products were carried out in several workplaces including schools, radium spas, swimming pools, water treatment plants, caves and former mines. Based on these measurements, annual effective doses to workers were estimated and values of the equilibrium factor, F, were calculated. This paper describes the different approaches used to estimate the annual effective dose based on the dose coefficients recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Using the measured F values as opposed to the default F value of 0.4 changed the doses by about 5-95% depending mainly upon the ventilation conditions of the workplace.

• MeSH
• dceřiné produkty radonu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování radiace * MeSH
• pracoviště MeSH
• pracovní expozice * analýza   MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza   MeSH
• radon * analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The production of renewable energy in agricultural biogas plants is being widely criticized because-among other things-most of the feedstock comes from purpose-grown crops like maize. These activities (generously subsidized in the Czech Republic) generate competitive pressure to other crops that are used for feeding or food production, worsening their affordability. Unique pretreatment technology that allows substitution of the purpose-grown crops by farming residues (such as husk or straw) was built 6 years ago on a commercial basis in Pěčín (Czech Republic) under modest funding and without publicity. The design of the concept; financial assessment and moral viewpoint were analyzed based on practical operating data. It showed that the apparatus improves economic, environmental and moral acceptance as well. However, according to the government's view, public funding for this type of processing was shortened, "because waste materials represent a lower cost". The impact of such governance was analyzed as well.

• MeSH
• biopaliva * MeSH
• elektrárny MeSH
• financování vládou MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mravy MeSH
• náklady a analýza nákladů MeSH
• průmyslový odpad * MeSH
• technologie * ekonomika   etika   MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
• zachování zdrojů energie * MeSH
• zásobování potravinami * ekonomika   etika   MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny MeSH
• zemědělství * ekonomika   etika   MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH