selenium species
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The effect is described of selenium supplemented in an inorganic and organic form on the innate immune response of goats. Though the phagocytic activity (as a marker of the immune function) was found to be lower in organic-Se-treated group than in control (54.5 +/- 4.32 vs. 60.2 +/- 9.15 %), it did not generally exhibit any significant differences; similarly, no differences were found in the phagocytic index. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) (estimated as peak CL, integral CL and a peak time after addition of calcium ionophore A23187, opsonised zymosan (OZP) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate as effectors. A significant ROS increase reflected in integral CL and a peak time was found in the inorganic-Se-treated group when OZP was used as activator; other parameters did not exhibit significant changes. The supplementation of Se in inorganic form can thus be seen to influence positively the innate immune system of kids.
- MeSH
- anorganické látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- fagocytóza účinky léků MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- imunologické faktory aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- kozy MeSH
- organické látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- přirozená imunita účinky léků MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- selen aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this trial was to determine selenium status in pure bred duroc sows and their progeny and to compare it to Czech Large White x Landrace breed. DESIGN: The pregnant duroc sows (n=12) and pregnant Czech Large White x Landrace sows (n=12) were fed identical diets supplemented with sodium selenite. RESULTS: During lactation significantly higher serum Se concentrations (p<0.001) were found in duroc piglets. Also significantly higher serum GSH-Px activities (p<0.001) were found in duroc sows and piglets. No differences in concentrations of Se in colostrums and milk were found between the two breeds. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the hypothesis that there may be breed differences in indices of selenium status in pigs.
- MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- játra chemie MeSH
- kolostrum chemie MeSH
- kosterní svaly chemie MeSH
- mléko chemie MeSH
- myokard chemie MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- prasata metabolismus MeSH
- selen aplikace a dávkování analýza krev MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This paper reviews the current understanding of the toxicity of selenium (Se) to terrestrial mammalian and aquatic organisms. Adverse biological effects occur in the case of Se deficiencies, associated with this element having essential biological functions and a narrow window between essentiality and toxicity. Several inorganic species of Se (-2, 0, +4, and +6) and organic species (monomethylated and dimethylated) have been reported in aquatic systems. The toxicity of Se in any given sample depends not only on its speciation and concentration, but also on the concomitant presence of other compounds that may have synergistic or antagonistic effects, affecting the target organism as well, usually spanning 2 or 3 orders of magnitude for inorganic Se species. In aquatic ecosystems, indirect toxic effects, linked to the trophic transfer of excess Se, are usually of much more concern than direct Se toxicity. Studies on the toxicity of selenium nanoparticles indicate the greater toxicity of chemically generated selenium nanoparticles relative to selenium oxyanions for fish and fish embryos while oxyanions of selenium have been found to be more highly toxic to rats as compared to nano-Se. Studies on polymer coated Cd/Se quantum dots suggest significant differences in toxicity of weathered vs. non-weathered QD's as well as a significant role for cadmium with respect to toxicity.
- MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kvantové tečky toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- organoselenové sloučeniny toxicita MeSH
- skot MeSH
- sloučeniny kadmia toxicita MeSH
- sloučeniny selenu toxicita MeSH
- synergismus léků MeSH
- vodní organismy účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Natural variation allows the investigation of both the fundamental functions of genes and their role in local adaptation. As one of the essential macronutrients, sulfur is vital for plant growth and development and also for crop yield and quality. Selenium and sulfur are assimilated by the same process, and although plants do not require selenium, plant-based selenium is an important source of this essential element for animals. Here, we report the use of linkage mapping in synthetic F2 populations and complementation to investigate the genetic architecture of variation in total leaf sulfur and selenium concentrations in a diverse set of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions. We identify in accessions collected from Sweden and the Czech Republic two variants of the enzyme ADENOSINE 5'-PHOSPHOSULFATE REDUCTASE2 (APR2) with strongly diminished catalytic capacity. APR2 is a key enzyme in both sulfate and selenate reduction, and its reduced activity in the loss-of-function allele apr2-1 and the two Arabidopsis accessions Hodonín and Shahdara leads to a lowering of sulfur flux from sulfate into the reduced sulfur compounds, cysteine and glutathione, and into proteins, concomitant with an increase in the accumulation of sulfate in leaves. We conclude from our observation, and the previously identified weak allele of APR2 from the Shahdara accession collected in Tadjikistan, that the catalytic capacity of APR2 varies by 4 orders of magnitude across the Arabidopsis species range, driving significant differences in sulfur and selenium metabolism. The selective benefit, if any, of this large variation remains to be explored.
- MeSH
- Arabidopsis genetika metabolismus MeSH
- celogenomová asociační studie MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- frekvence genu MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny MeSH
- izoenzymy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- oxidoreduktasy působící na donory sirných skupin genetika metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny huseníčku genetika metabolismus MeSH
- selen metabolismus MeSH
- síra metabolismus MeSH
- sírany metabolismus MeSH
- substituce aminokyselin MeSH
- výhonky rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Švédsko MeSH
Selenium is an essential trace element important for many physiological processes, especially for the functions of immune and reproductive systems, metabolism of thyroid hormones, as well as antioxidant defense. Selenium deficiency is usually manifested by an increased incidence of retention of placenta, metritis, mastitis, aborts, lowering fertility and increased susceptibility to infections. In calves, lambs and kids, the selenium deficiency demonstrates by WMD (white muscle disease), in foals and donkey foals, it is associated with incidence of WMD and yellow fat disease, and in pigs it causes VESD (vitamin E/selenium deficiency) syndrome. The prevention of these health disorders can be achieved by an adequate selenium supplementation to the diet. The review summarizes the survey of knowledge on selenium, its biological significance in the organism, the impact of its deficiency in mammalian livestock (comparison of ruminants vs. non-ruminants, herbivore vs. omnivore) and possibilities of its peroral administration. The databases employed were as follows: Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- savci metabolismus MeSH
- selen nedostatek metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Placental oxidative stress has been implicated in pregnancy complications and previous work has shown that selenium can protect trophoblast mitochondria from oxidative stress. This report examines mitochondrial function and content in trophoblasts supplemented with selenium. METHODS: Swan-71, JEG-3 and BeWo cells and placental tissue were incubated with sodium selenite or selenomethionine. Mitochondrial function was examined in a respirometer. Mitochondrial content was determined using RT-PCR. The levels of the mitochondrial biogenesis markers selenoprotein H, PGC-1α and NRF-1 was examined by western blotting. RESULTS: Mitochondrial respiration was significantly enhanced post selenium supplementation in cells and tissues. Selenium supplementation increased mitochondrial content and up-regulated mitochondrial biogenesis mediators in cells. DISCUSSION: These results emphasise the importance of selenium in mitochondrial regeneration in trophoblasts.
- MeSH
- biogeneze organel * MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- DNA vazebné proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- faktor 1 související s NF-E2 metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondrie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- placenta účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- selen aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- selenoproteiny metabolismus MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- transkripční faktory metabolismus MeSH
- trofoblasty účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- upregulace účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
AIMS: To identify bacteria with high selenium tolerance and reduction capacity for bioremediation of wastewater and nanoselenium particle production. METHODS AND RESULTS: A bacterial endophyte was isolated from the selenium hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata (Brassicaceae) growing on seleniferous soils in Colorado, USA. Based on fatty acid methyl ester analysis and multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) using 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoB and rpoD genes, the isolate was identified as a subspecies of Pseudomonas moraviensis (97.3% nucleotide identity) and named P. moraviensis stanleyae. The isolate exhibited extreme tolerance to SeO3(2-) (up to 120 mmol l(-1)) and SeO4(2-) (>150 mmol l(-1)). Selenium oxyanion removal from growth medium was measured by microchip capillary electrophoresis (detection limit 95 nmol l(-1) for SeO3(2-) and 13 nmol l(-1) for SeO4(2-)). Within 48 h, P. moraviensis stanleyae aerobically reduced SeO3(2-) to red Se(0) from 10 mmol l(-1) to below the detection limit (removal rate 0.27 mmol h(-1) at 30 °C); anaerobic SeO3(2-) removal was slower. No SeO4(2-) removal was observed. Pseudomonas moraviensis stanleyae stimulated the growth of crop species Brassica juncea by 70% with no significant effect on Se accumulation. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudomonas moraviensis stanleyae can tolerate extreme levels of selenate and selenite and can deplete high levels of selenite under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Pseudomonas moraviensis subsp. stanleyae may be useful for stimulating plant growth and for the treatment of Se-laden wastewater.
- MeSH
- aerobióza MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- Brassicaceae metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- endofyty klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina seleničitá metabolismus MeSH
- Pseudomonas klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- selen metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Selén (Se) je esenciálny výživový doplnok pre živočíchov, vrátane človeka, u ktorého sa predpokladá, že znižuje riziko vzniku rakoviny. Hoci podstata tohto javu nie je zatiaľ objasnená, boli navrhnuté viaceré mechanizmy jeho protirakovinného účinku. Tie zahŕňajú ochranu pred oxidačným stresom, stimuláciu opravy DNA a indukciu apoptózy v predrakoviných štádiách. Napriek negatívnym výsledkom poslednej epidemiologickej štúdie „SELECT“, väčšina predchádzajúcich štúdií demonštrovala selénom sprostredkované zníženie výskytu rakovinných ochorení. Navyše poznatky z posledného obdobia naznačujú, že Se má potenciál byť využitý okrem prevencie aj v liečbe rakoviny. Bolo pozorované, že Se buď samotný, alebo v kombinácii s inými liekmi alebo žiarením zvyšuje účinnosť protirakovinnej liečby. V boji s rakovinovými bunkami pôsobí Se skôr ako prooxidant než ako antioxidant, indukujúc apoptózu prostredníctvom oxidačného stresu. Preto sú anorganické formy Se, ktoré majú vysoký redox potenciál, sľubnou alternatívou pre ich perspektívne využitie v nádorovej terapii.
Selenium (Se) is an essential dietary component for all animals, including human beings, that is regarded as a protective agent against cancer. Although the mode of its anticancer action is not yet fully understood, several mechanisms, such as antioxidant protection through selenoenzymes, stimulation of DNA repair, and apoptosis in tumor prestages have all been proposed. Despite the unsupported results of the last ”SELECT“ trial, the cancer-preventing activity of Se has been demonstrated in a majority of epidemiological studies. Moreover, recent studies suggest that Se has a potential to be used not only in cancer prevention but also in cancer treatment, where in combination with other anticancer drugs or radiation it may increase the efficacy of cancer therapy. In combating cancer cells, Se acts as a prooxidant rather than an antioxidant, inducing apoptosis through the generation of oxidative stress. Thus, inorganic Se compounds, having high redox potency, represent a promising option in cancer therapy.
- MeSH
- antikarcinogenní látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- chemoprofylaxe MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku terapeutické užití MeSH
- selen farmakologie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Problematika vzniku bakteriálních a kvasinkových infekcí s komplikovaným průběhem léčby, způsobeným rezistencí původců těchto onemocnění, je častým tématem výzkumu na poli humánní i veterinární medicíny. V této studii jsme se zaměřili na studium účinku selenových nanočástic ve formě gelovitého komplexu s polymerní látkou Cekolem (SeNPs), jako možné alternativy antibiotických léčiv při eliminaci bakteriálních a kvasinkových infekcí. Testování komplexu probíhalo na bakteriálních a kvasinkových izolátech získaných z kohorty 450 pa-cientů Oddělení traumatologie Úrazové nemocnice v Brně, od kterých byl odebrán vždy jeden vzorek stěru z povrchové kožní infekce, a doposud se podařilo identifikovat celkem 74 poddruhů bakteriálních kmenů nebo kvasinek. K identifikaci kmenů a testování SeNPs bylo využito mikrobiologických a molekulárně-biologických metod a metody hmotnostní spektrometrie. Studie prokázala výrazný vliv tohoto přípravku na bakteriální kmeny a kvasinky bez ohledu na jejich morfologii. Růst většiny kmenů ze souboru se podařilo aplikací nanočástic zcela eliminovat, ve všech případech však byl tento růst alespoň velkou měrou potlačen. Velikosti inhibičních zón, které se dají považovat za efektivní (1), se ve většině případů pohybovaly v rozmezí 5–20 mm (79 %). Výsledky popisují významné antimikrobiální účinky na bázi nanotechnologií selenových nanočástic, které mohou být použity ke snížení rizika vzniku nekontrolovatelných infekcí. Klíčová slova: bakterie – kvasinky – patogenita – infekce – selenové nanočástice – inhibice
Issue of bacterial and yeast infections with complicated course of treatment due to resistance of agents of these diseases are a frequent topic of research in the field of human and veterinary medicine. In this study, we focused on the study of selenium nanoparticles effect in the form of a gel-like complex with a polymer substance Cekol (SeNPs) as possible alternative to antibiotic drugs, in the elimination of bacterial and yeast infections. Testing of complex was carried out on the bacterial and yeast isolates obtained from a cohort of 450 patients from the Department of Traumatology at Trauma Hospital in Brno, from which it was taken always one swab sample from a superficial skin infection and to date have managed to identify in total 74 sub-species of bacterial strains or yeasts. To identify strains and tests of SeNPs microbiological, molecular-biological and mass spectrometry methods were used. The study demonstrated a significant effect of this product on the bacterial strains and yeasts, regardless of their morphology. The growth of most strains from the file was managed by application of nanoparticles completely eliminated. However, in all cases this growth was at least largely suppressed. Sizes of inhibition zones, which can be regarded as effective (1), ranged from 5–20 mm. Our results describe significant antimicrobial effects based on nanotechnologies, which can be used to reduce the risk of uncontrolled infections in comparison with conventional antibiotic therapy. Keywords: bacteria – yeast – pathogenicity – infections – selenium nanoparticles – inhibition
- Klíčová slova
- Cekol,
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie MeSH
- Candida tropicalis růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- Candida růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární metody MeSH
- Escherichia coli růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- infekce chirurgické rány etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- nanočástice * MeSH
- polymery farmakologie MeSH
- selen * farmakologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH