• MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
• chlorochin aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• aplikace lokální MeSH
• chinin analogy a deriváty   aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cysticerkóza farmakoterapie   MeSH
• injekce MeSH

Chondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGS and HSPGs) are found throughout the central nervous system (CNS). CSPGs are ubiquitous in the diffuse extracellular matrix (ECM) between cells and are a major component of perineuronal nets (PNNs), the condensed ECM present around some neurons. HSPGs are more associated with the surface of neurons and glia, with synapses and in the PNNs. Both CSPGs and HSPGs consist of a protein core to which are attached repeating disaccharide chains modified by sulphation at various positions. The sequence of sulphation gives the chains a unique structure and local charge density. These sulphation codes govern the binding properties and biological effects of the proteoglycans. CSPGs are sulphated along their length, the main forms being 6- and 4-sulphated. In general, the chondroitin 4-sulphates are inhibitory to cell attachment and migration, while chondroitin 6-sulphates are more permissive. HSPGs tend to be sulphated in isolated motifs with un-sulphated regions in between. The sulphation patterns of HS motifs and of CS glycan chains govern their binding to the PTPsigma receptor and binding of many effector molecules to the proteoglycans, such as growth factors, morphogens, and molecules involved in neurodegenerative disease. Sulphation patterns change as a result of injury, inflammation and ageing. For CSPGs, attention has focussed on PNNs and their role in the control of plasticity and memory, and on the soluble CSPGs upregulated in glial scar tissue that can inhibit axon regeneration. HSPGs have key roles in development, regulating cell migration and axon growth. In the adult CNS, they have been associated with tau aggregation and amyloid-beta processing, synaptogenesis, growth factor signalling and as a component of the stem cell niche. These functions of CSPGs and HSPGs are strongly influenced by the pattern of sulphation of the glycan chains, the sulphation code. This review focuses on these sulphation patterns and their effects on the function of the mature CNS.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Humanin (HN), Met-Ala-Pro-Arg-Gly-Phe-Ser-Cys-Leu-Leu-Leu-Leu-Thr-Ser-Glu-IIe-Asp-Leu-Pro-Val-Lys-Arg-Arg-Ala, recently discovered in the human brain, is an important neuroprotective peptide. Some derivatives of HN show even higher biological activity, for example [G-14]-HN, where Ser at position 14 is replaced with Gly. As structurally related HN peptide derivatives have similar chemical properties, their separation by CE is difficult. In this work, the electrophoretic behaviour of HN derivatives including [G-14]-HN, a tryptophan HN derivative [W-14]-HN, several other HN derivatives and HN fragments was studied. While phosphate buffer was used as the general BGE, the effects of the buffer concentration and various additives were examined, including sulphate, heptane sulphonate, 2-morpholinoethanesulphonic acid N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]-2-aminoethane sulphonic acid (TES), sulphated-beta-CD and beta-CD. Separation efficiency of 200,000 theoretical plates was achieved in a BGE of 80 mM phosphate at pH 2.5 where seven out of nine major peaks were partially separated. By investigating the influence of concentration of the interrogated ions on peptides migration, the association between positively charged protonated sites of peptides and various anions was proved. Especially a strong interaction with phosphate, sulphate and sulphonate groups was established. Conditional stability constant of the [Pep(z+), (H(2)PO(4)(-))(n)](z - n) ion associate (n = 1) for [G-14]-HN equals to log K approximately 1.78.

• MeSH
• alkylsulfonany chemie   MeSH
• beta-cyklodextriny chemie   MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární metody   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fosfáty chemie   MeSH
• intracelulární signální peptidy a proteiny chemická syntéza   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• neuropeptidy chemická syntéza   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• peptidové fragmenty chemická syntéza   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• pufry MeSH
• roztoky MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sírany chemie   MeSH
• substituce aminokyselin MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
• chlorochin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci retiny chemicky indukované   MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan-containing structures on the neuronal surface that have been implicated in the control of neuroplasticity and memory. Age-related reduction of chondroitin 6-sulphates (C6S) leads to PNNs becoming more inhibitory. Here, we investigated whether manipulation of the chondroitin sulphate (CS) composition of the PNNs could restore neuroplasticity and alleviate memory deficits in aged mice. We first confirmed that aged mice (20-months) showed memory and plasticity deficits. They were able to retain or regain their cognitive ability when CSs were digested or PNNs were attenuated. We then explored the role of C6S in memory and neuroplasticity. Transgenic deletion of chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (chst3) led to a reduction of permissive C6S, simulating aged brains. These animals showed very early memory loss at 11 weeks old. Importantly, restoring C6S levels in aged animals rescued the memory deficits and restored cortical long-term potentiation, suggesting a strategy to improve age-related memory impairment.

• MeSH
• chondroitinsulfáty * MeSH
• extracelulární matrix MeSH
• mozek MeSH
• myši MeSH
• neuroplasticita * MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Autori testovali schopnosť známych alergénov nikelsulfátu, káliumdichromátu a kobaltnitrátuindukovať expresiu povrchových adhezívnych molekúl ICAM-1 a HLA-DR na kultivovaných ľudskýchkeratinocytoch v porovnaní s cytotoxickým kadmiumsulfátom.Na sledovanie expresie povrchových molekúl použili metódu priamej imunofluorescencie a imunoprecipitácie.Zaznamenali len slabú, nepravidelnú expresiu ICAM-1 po pôsobení nikelsulfátu,káliumdichromát, kobaltnitrát a kadmiumsulfát expresiu ICAM-1 neindukovali. Žiaden z testovanýchalergénov nevyvolal indukciu expresie HLA-DR molekuly.Záver: Pri použití uvedených metodík nie je sledovanie expresie molekúl ICAM-1 a HLA-DR nakultivovaných ľudských keratinocytoch preukazným markerom na testovanie možného alergizujúcehopotenciálu chemických látok.

The authors tested the capacity of known allergens nickel sulphate, potassium dichromate andcobalt nitrate to induce expression of surface adhesive molecules ICAM-1 and HLA-DR on cultivatedhuman keratinocytes as compared with cytotoxic cadmium sulphate.To test expression of surface molecules they used the method of direct immunofluorescence andimmunoprecipitation. They recorded only a weak irregular expression of ICAM-1 after the action ofnickel sulphate. Potassium dichromate, cobalt nitrate and cadmium sulphate did not induce ICAM-1expression. None of the tested allergens induced expression of the HLA-DR molecule.Conclusion: When using the above methods, assessment of expression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DRmolecules on cultivated human keratinocytes is not a reliable marker for testing the possibleallergizing potential of chemical substances.

• MeSH
• alergeny MeSH
• fluorescenční protilátková technika MeSH
• HLA-DR antigeny MeSH
• keratinocyty MeSH
• kontaktní dermatitida diagnóza   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Autoři předkládají pozorování 74 letého muže léčeného pro anémii, který aspiroval tabletu síranu železnatého (Ferrosi sulfas siccus - Ferronat retard) a k bronchoskopickému ošetření se dostavil až tři dny poté. U nemocného se vyvinuly nekrotické změny v místě odstupu pravého dolního lobárního bronchu, došlo ke zvredovatění a nekróze chrupavek. Následně se vytvořily rozsáhlé granulace, které vedly ke vzniku těsné stenózy pravé dolní lobární průdušky. Stav se nepodařilo zvládnout ani lokální bronchoskopickou léčbou ani současně systémově podávaným desferioxaminem a antioxidanciemi. Pro poststenotickou retenční pneumonii byla indikována pravostranná dolná lobektomie. V resekátu byla nalezena slizniční eroze bronchu, pod ní rozsáhly fibrotizovaný obrovskobuněčný granulom a známky impregnace tkáně pigmenty železa.

Authors present a case report of a 74 years old male patient, treated for anaemia, which aspirated a tablet of ferrous sulphate (Ferronat retard tbl. obd.). The patient attended to a bronchoscopic examination three days after the inhalation of the tablet. At the opening of the right inferior lobar bronchus ulceration and necrosis of the cartilage have developed. Furthermore, extensive granulation developed, leading to a narrow stenosis of the right inferior lobar bronchus. Neither local bronchoscopic therapy, nor simultaneous systemic treatment with desferrioxamin and antioxydants were successful. For poststenotic retentive pneumonia right inferior lobectomy was indicated. In the removed lung erosion of the bronchial mucosa and extensive fibrosing giant-cell granuloma with impregnation of the tissue with iron pigments were found.

• MeSH
• bronchitida MeSH
• bronchoskopie MeSH
• granulační tkáň MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plíce chirurgie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sírany MeSH
• sloučeniny železa MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Alloplastic bone graft materials are widely been used in combination with barrier membranes to achieve guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of a composite material, beta tricalcium phosphate in combination with calcium sulphate in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. The combination of these materials is believed to aid in guided tissue regeneration owing to their properties. Thirty nine intrabony defects in 21 patients were treated with Fortoss® Vital (Biocomposites, Staffordshire, UK). Clinical parameters were evaluated including changes in probing depth, clinical attachment level/loss and gingival recession at baseline and one year postoperatively. The mean differences in measurements between the baseline and one year postoperatively are a reduction of 1.98±1.16 mm (p=0.000) in case of probing depth and a gain of 1.68±1.12 mm (p=0.000) in clinical attachment level and an increase of 0.31±0.67 mm (p=0.009) in gingival recession measurements. The study results show that the treatment with a combination of beta tricalcium phosphate and calcium sulphate led to a significantly favorable clinical improvement in periodontal intrabony defects one year postoperatively.

• MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fosforečnany vápenaté aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kostní náhrady aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nemoci parodontu diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• resorpce alveolární kosti terapie   MeSH
• řízená tkáňová regenerace parodontu MeSH
• síran vápenatý aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zubní materiály MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

The study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of a composite material, beta-tricalcium phosphate in combination with calcium sulphate, in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. The combination of these materials is believed to aid in guided tissue regeneration owing to their properties. A total of 47 teeth with intrabony defects in 26 periodontitis patients were treated with Fortoss® Vital (Biocomposites, Staffordshire, UK). Clinical parameters were evaluated which included changes in probing depth, clinical attachment level/loss and gingival recession at the baseline and 2 years postoperatively. The mean differences in measurements between the baseline and 2 years postoperatively were a reduction of 2.07±1.14 mm (p=0.000) in case of probing depth and a gain of 1.93±1.36 mm (p=0.000) in clinical attachment level; but an increase of 0.14±0.73 mm (p=0.571) in gingival recession. The study results show that the treatment with a combination of beta tricalcium phosphate and calcium sulphate led to a significantly favorable clinical improvement in periodontal intrabony defects 2 years after the surgery.

• MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fosforečnany vápenaté aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kostní náhrady aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• parodontitida komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• resorpce alveolární kosti komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• řízená tkáňová regenerace parodontu MeSH
• síran vápenatý aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zubní materiály terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH