Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms characterised by their complex structures and a wide range of pigments. With their ability to fix CO2, cyanobacteria are interesting for white biotechnology as cell factories to produce various high-value metabolites such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, pigments, or proteins. White biotechnology is the industrial production and processing of chemicals, materials, and energy using microorganisms. It is known that exposing cyanobacteria to low levels of stressors can induce the production of secondary metabolites. Understanding of this phenomenon, known as hormesis, can involve the strategic application of controlled stressors to enhance the production of specific metabolites. Consequently, precise measurement of cyanobacterial viability becomes crucial for process control. However, there is no established reliable and quick viability assay protocol for cyanobacteria since the task is challenging due to strong interferences of autofluorescence signals of intercellular pigments and fluorescent viability probes when flow cytometry is used. We performed the screening of selected fluorescent viability probes used frequently in bacteria viability assays. The results of our investigation demonstrated the efficacy and reliability of three widely utilised types of viability probes for the assessment of the viability of Synechocystis strains. The developed technique can be possibly utilised for the evaluation of the importance of polyhydroxyalkanoates for cyanobacterial cultures with respect to selected stressor-repeated freezing and thawing. The results indicated that the presence of polyhydroxyalkanoate granules in cyanobacterial cells could hypothetically contribute to the survival of repeated freezing and thawing.

• MeSH
• fluorescence MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva * metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• fyziologický stres * MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita * MeSH
• polyhydroxyalkanoáty metabolismus   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie * MeSH
• sinice metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• Synechocystis * metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The COVID-19 Pandemic contributed to accelerating the process of using information and communication technologies and digital technologies in healthcare management and delivery within healthcare systems. At that time, the Czech healthcare system faced the same problems as other European systems and struggled with a temporary limitation of direct provision of healthcare services. It was solved by switching to telemedicine. The Czech healthcare system used telemedicine to a minimal extent until then. Despite adopting the law on healthcare digitisation, it is still one of the countries with a lower level of digitisation of healthcare processes. The article presents the results of an exploratory expert investigation focused on the implementation and development of telemedicine in the Czech Republic. The conducted research aimed to identify problems related to the implementation of telemedicine in practice, place them in the broader framework of the healthcare system and structure them, propose possible solutions, and identify the future challenges of telemedicine in the Czech Republic. We based our study on the results of a three-phase QUAL-QUAN-QUAL research. Data collection in the first phase took the form of individual semi-structured interviews with patients (25) with practical experience in the field of telemedicine, followed by the second quantitative phase of the questionnaire survey with patients (650). The third qualitative phase included semi-structured interviews with experts (17) with practical experience in telemedicine. The introduction and expansion of telemedicine require several fundamental changes. These include adjustments to the legislative environment and changes to the technological infrastructure, organisation of care and work. Several barriers have been identified at the healthcare system level, healthcare providers, healthcare professionals and patients.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie * MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče organizace a řízení   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• telemedicína * organizace a řízení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The present study has undertaken the isolation of marine yeasts from mangrove sediment samples and their ability to produce alkaline protease enzymes. A total of 14 yeast isolates were recovered on yeast-malt agar (YMA) and yeast extract peptone dextrose (YEPD) agar medium. After screening for proteolytic activity on skim milk agar, marine yeast isolate, AKB-1 exhibited a hydrolysis zone of 18 mm. Optimal conditions for the enzyme production from yeast isolate AKB-1 were at 30 °C, pH 8, fructose as carbon source, potassium nitrate as nitrogen source, and 25% saline concentration. Under the optimal conditions, the protease enzyme activity of the isolate AKB-1 was observed to be 978 IU/mL. The structural and functional analysis was carried out through FTIR and HPLC analysis for the extracted protease enzyme. Furthermore, the enzyme produced was partially purified by solvent extraction using ethyl acetate and ammonium sulfate precipitation (3.4-fold) followed by dialysis (56.8-fold). The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was observed to be around 60 kDa using SDS-PAGE. The extracted protein showed good antibacterial activity against six different clinical bacterial pathogens and the highest against Bacillus cereus (16 ± 0.5 mm). The extracted protease enzyme was revealed to remove blood stains from cloth within 20 min of application similar to the commercial detergent. The marine yeast isolate was further identified as Candida orthopsilosis AKB-1 (Accession number KY348766) through 18S rRNA sequencing, and a phylogenetic tree was generated.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   metabolismus   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Bacillus cereus účinky léků   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny * chemie   farmakologie   metabolismus   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Candida * enzymologie   izolace a purifikace   genetika   klasifikace   MeSH
• endopeptidasy * chemie   metabolismus   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• geologické sedimenty mikrobiologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kultivační média chemie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• stabilita enzymů MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A Mycobacterium smegmatis transcriptional regulator, MSMEG_5850, and its ortholog in M. tuberculosis, rv0775 were annotated as putative TetR Family Transcriptional Regulators. Our previous study revealed MSMEG_5850 is involved in global transcriptional regulation in M. smegmatis and the presence of gene product supported the survival of bacteria during nutritional starvation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MSMEG_5850 diverged early in comparison to its counterparts in virulent strains. Therefore, the expression pattern of MSMEG_5850 and its counterpart, rv0775, was compared during various in-vitro growth and stress conditions. Expression of MSMEG_5850 was induced under different environmental stresses while no change in expression was observed under mid-exponential and stationary phases. No expression of rv0775 was observed under any stress condition tested, while the gene was expressed during the mid-exponential phase that declined in the stationary phase. The effect of MSMEG_5850 on the survival of M. smegmatis under stress conditions and growth pattern was studied using wild type, knockout, and supplemented strain. Deletion of MSMEG_5850 resulted in altered colony morphology, biofilm/pellicle formation, and growth pattern of M. smegmatis. The survival rate of wild-type MSMEG_5850 was higher in comparison to knockout under different environmental stresses. Overall, this study suggested the role of MSMEG_5850 in the growth and adaptation/survival of M. smegmatis under stress conditions.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fyziologický stres * MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita MeSH
• Mycobacterium smegmatis * genetika   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u bakterií MeSH
• transkripční faktory * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The role of primary healthcare (PHC) during a pandemic varies across European countries. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered the working practices of family medicine doctors and impacted the resilience of healthcare systems. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine European healthcare system responses to the pandemic, focusing on rural and urban differences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional, mixed-methods study used a semi-structured online questionnaire with 68 questions, including 21 free-text comments. Data were collected from May 2020 to January 2021. Key informants from 16 European Rural and Isolated Practitioners Association (EURIPA) member countries distributed questionnaires to 406 PHC doctors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests (χ2, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U) with a significance threshold of 0.05. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found between rural (36.4%, 55/151), semirural (19.4%, 24/124) and urban populations (29.8%, 39/131) regarding medicine shortages (χ2 = 9.91, degrees of freedom (df) = 4, p = 0.042). The semirural setting showed a statistically significant difference from the other settings (p = 0.004 in post hoc χ2 test). Significant differences were found between countries in resilience features including, effectiveness of triage, adapting to the rapidly changing requirements, government help, existence of a community resilience group, improved interprofessional collaboration, medicine shortage, and general practitioners (GPs) involvement in palliative care. CONCLUSIONS: Medicine shortage was more prevalent in rural and urban areas compared to semirural areas. Differences were observed between countries in their responses to the pandemic, particularly in adapting to the rapidly changing requirements, effectiveness of triage, government help, and the existence of a community resilience group. These differences were confirmed with qualitative analysis. The results emphasize the need for tailored approaches considering diverse contexts in shaping effective healthcare system resilience.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• primární zdravotní péče * organizace a řízení   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Bats are the natural reservoirs for a variety of emerging and re-emerging viruses. Among them, rabies virus (genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae) is one of the first and most emblematic described in these animals. Since its first description, several new bat lyssaviruses have been regularly identified. In addition to lyssaviruses, other bat rhabdoviruses have also been discovered, including members of the genera Vesiculovirus, Ledantevirus and, more recently, Alphanemrhavirus and Tupavirus. However, the family Rhabdoviridae is one of the most abundant and diverse viral families, with 434 officially recognized species, divided into 5 subfamilies and 56 different genera. The number of rhabdoviruses associated with bats is therefore probably higher than that currently available. In this study, we first developed and validated a combined nested RT-qPCR technique (pan-rhabdo RT-nqPCR) dedicated to the broad detection of animal rhabdoviruses. After validation, this technique was used for a large retrospective screening of archival bat samples (n = 1962), including blood (n = 816), brain (n = 723) and oral swab (n = 423). These samples were collected from various bat species over a 12-year period (2007-2019) in 9 different countries in Europe and Africa. A total of 23 samples (1.2%) from bat species Miniopterus schreibersii, Rhinolophus euryale and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum tested positive for rhabdovirus infection, including 17 (2.1%) blood and 6 (1.4%) oral swab samples, all collected from bats originating from the Mediterranean region. Complete virus genome sequences were obtained by next-generation sequencing for most of the positive samples. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of these sequences demonstrated that the virus isolates, named Mediterranean bat virus (MBV), were closely related and represented a new species, Mediterranean vesiculovirus, within the genus Vesiculovirus. MBV was more specifically related to other bat vesiculoviruses previously described from China and North America, together clustering into a distinct group of bat viruses within this genus. Interestingly, our results suggest that MBV is widespread, at least in the western part of the Mediterranean region, where it circulates in the blood of several bat species. These results expand the host range and viral diversity of bat vesiculoviruses, and pave the way for further studies to determine the transmission route and dissemination dynamics of these viruses in bat colonies, as well as to assess their potential threat to public health.

• MeSH
• Chiroptera * virologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom virový MeSH
• infekce viry z čeledi Rhabdoviridae * veterinární   epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• Vesiculovirus * genetika   izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Středomoří MeSH

BACKGROUND: Since the incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is increasing and treatment options remain limited, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology of vancomycin- and tigecycline-resistant enterococci in a university hospital using whole genome sequencing (WGS). METHODS: Between April and December 2021, 102 VRE isolates were collected from a single tertiary care hospital in the Czech Republic. Forty selected isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and WGS (Illumina short reads and long reads with MinION in selected isolates). RESULTS: All Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant to ampicillin, carrying the PBP5_Met485Ala, PBP5_Glu629Val, and fluoroquinolones carrying the GyrA_Ser83Ile and ParC_Ser80Ile substitutions. The vanA operon was found on pELF2-like plasmids and plasmids carrying rep17 and/or rep18b genes. The novel Tn1546 structural variants were identified in vanA-carrying isolates. The vanB operon was located on the chromosome within a Tn1549 structural variant. Linezolid resistance was detected in one isolate carrying the 23S rDNA_G2576T substitution. Twenty-two isolates were resistant to tigecycline (tet(L), tet(M) and rpsJ_del 155-166 or RpsJ_Lys57Arg). Discrepancies between phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles were observed for daptomycin (RpoB_Ser491Phe), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (dfrG gene), nitrofurantoin (NmrA_Gln48Lys substitution without the EF0404 and EF0648 genes) and tetracycline (truncated TetM). The two multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes identified different numbers of STs: 5 STs, with ST117 as the predominant one (n = 32, 80%), versus 10 STs, with ST138 (27.5%), ST136 (25%), and ST1067 (20%) being the most frequent, respectively. The whole genome MLST revealed clonal clustering (0-7 allele differences) among isolates of the same ST. When comparing ST117 isolates from our study with 2,204 ST117 isolates from 15 countries, only one Czech isolate clustered closely with strains from Germany and the Netherlands, differing by just 16 alleles. CONCLUSIONS: The spread of E. faecium isolates ST117 resistant to vancomycin and tigecycline was identified. The discrepancies between resistance genotypes and phenotypes highlight the importance of combining molecular and phenotypic surveillance in antimicrobial resistance monitoring.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium * genetika   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• enterokoky rezistentní vůči vankomycinu * genetika   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• genom bakteriální MeSH
• grampozitivní bakteriální infekce * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence genetika   MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• rezistence na vankomycin genetika   MeSH
• sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
• tigecyklin * farmakologie   MeSH
• vankomycin * farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Allodiploid hybrid species, Aspergillus latus, belonging to section Nidulantes, is a hybrid of A. spinulosporus and an unknown species closely related to A. quadrilineatus and A. sublatus. This hybrid has often been misidentified as the species in section Nidulantes, such as A. nidulans, A. spinulosporus, A. sublatus, or other cryptic species. Aspergillus latus has not been reported in Japan as well as Asia so far. In this study, we screened 23 clinical strains identified as A. spinulosporus isolated in Japan from 2012 to 2023 and found seven A. latus strains. To characterize the A. latus strains, we conducted comprehensive phenotyping including morphological observation, whole genome sequences, and phylogenetic analysis based on calmodulin (CaM) gene. In addition, we conducted antifungal susceptibility testing for A. latus strains. As a result, the morphological characters of A. latus were more similar to those of A. spinulosporus compared to A. sublatus. However, the ascospore of A. latus differed from that of A. spinulosporus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that different CaM alleles from the same isolate clustered separately with A. spinulosporus and A. sublatus, consistent with its hybrid origin. Furthermore, A. latus strains showed reduced susceptibility to caspofungin and amphotericin B compared to A. spinulosporus, while they were susceptible to azoles. Our results suggest that A. latus has been a causative pathogen of aspergillosis in Japan since 2013.

• MeSH
• antifungální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Aspergillus * genetika   klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• aspergilóza * mikrobiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• kalmodulin genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Japonsko MeSH

Spike proteins on the surface of human corona viruses is important to enhance it's competency to get transmit into other healthy population. Because of it's specific spike protein, the virus got its name corona in 1960s. Afterward, it was renamed as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. It was mortal for old population, new born babies and immune-compromised individuals, who didn't have sufficient immunity or defense system. On February 11, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) gave the names of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. A characteristic of nCoV-19, which is a cause of COVID-19, was identified as major cause of pneumonia. However, the healthcare professionals worked hard to to stop it's outbreak and transmission all over the world. But, there was no medicines that have been cleared by the FDA to treat COVID-19 successfully. So, the goal of this study is to look at the scientific data that is already available about clinical care and therapy of this disease. Some of the sources that were checked for this study were BioRxiv, medRxiv, Google Scholar, Embase, PsychINFO, WanFang Data, and PubMed. A lot of work went into finding out what medicines could be used to avoid and treat COVID-19 illnesses. Remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and immunosuppressant drugs have all been shown to help to fight the virus. Until a treatment for the COVID-19 virus is found, it is best to stay away from other people and follow strict hygiene. Most medicinal treatments still have a lot of unknown effects, and different medicines and vaccines are being trialed and tested succefully to stop prevelance, transmission and develop the symptoms.

• MeSH
• antivirové látky farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   virologie   MeSH
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus farmakologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• virové struktury virologie   MeSH
• virové vakcíny * farmakologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• virus SARS účinky léků   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction with the quality of healthcare services at selected public primary healthcare facilities in Almaty during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify associated demographic and facility-related factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted over a period of 6 months, from 30 June to 31 December 2021, through a web-based survey. An adapted questionnaire was employed to survey the respondents. In total, 1035 respondents participated in the study. To examine the relationship between demographic and facility characteristics and patient satisfaction, we utilized the proportional odds model for ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of eight primary healthcare organizations from the public sector in Almaty participated in the survey. The analysis identified significant demographic predictors of patient satisfaction, such as marital status, social status, self-perceived health, and the use of online consultations. Among the facility-related factors, only the availability of a cross-ventilation system emerged as a significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the factors influencing patient satisfaction with primary healthcare services in Almaty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both demographic characteristics and facility-level attributes were found to significantly affect satisfaction levels. These findings underscore the need for targeted structural and organizational improvements in primary healthcare settings, especially during public health emergencies. Addressing these gaps through infrastructural upgrades, enhanced preparedness, and the integration of patient-centered care models can help to bolster trust and resilience within Kazakhstan's healthcare system.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• primární zdravotní péče * normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH