V ČR dosud chybí standardizovaný nástroj pro vyšetřování pracovního potenciálu jedince ve fyzické oblasti. Používané metodiky pokrývají problematiku jen částečně, nejsou dostatečně exaktní a validní. Ve světě existuje celá řada nástrojů pro tento účel. Mezi nimi zaujímají zvláštní postavení testy, prováděné v laboratorním prostředí, hodnotící analyticky jednotlivé fyzické komponenty pracovního procesu – FCE (Functional Capacity Evaluation). Po analýze byla vybrána (podle našeho názoru) nejvhodnější z těchto metod – Isernhagen WS FCE – k validizaci a použití v našich poměrech. Práce podává detailní popis metodiky (při respektování autorských práv) a dodatkových testů, zpřesňujících diagnostiku.
There is still lacking a standardized tool for the examination of working potential of the individual in physical area in the Czech Republic. The methods used cover the problem only in part, not being sufficiently precise and valid at the same time. In the world practice there are various tools for this purpose. Special position among them is held by tests performed in the laboratory environment, evaluating individual physical components of the working process – FCE (Functional Capacity Evaluation) in the analytical way. Following an analysis the authors selected (in their opinion) the most suitable method – Insernhagen WS FCE – for the validation and application in our conditions. The paper provides a detailed description of the methods (in respecting copyright) and additional tests making the diagnostics more precise.
BACKGROUND: Psychosocial work characteristics may predict cognitive functioning after retirement. However, little research has explored specific cognitive domains associated with psychosocial work environments. Our study tested whether exposure to job demands, job control and their combination during working life predicted post-retirement performance on eight cognitive tests. METHODS: We used data from French GAZEL cohort members who had undergone post-retirement cognitive testing (n=2149). Psychosocial job characteristics were measured on average for 4 years before retirement using Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire (job demands, job control and demand-control combinations). We tested associations between these exposures and post-retirement performance on tests for executive function, visual-motor speed, psychomotor speed, verbal memory, and verbal fluency using ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS: Low job control during working life was negatively associated with executive function, psychomotor speed, phonemic fluency and semantic fluency after retirement (p's<0.05), even after adjustment for demographics, socioeconomic status, health and social behaviours and vascular risk factors. Both passive (low-demand, low-control) and high-strain (high-demand, low-control) jobs were associated with lower scores on phonemic and semantic fluency when compared to low-strain (low-demand, high-control) jobs. CONCLUSIONS: Low job control, in combination with both high and low-job demands, is associated with post-retirement deficits in some, but not all, cognitive domains. In addition to work stress, associations between passive work and subsequent cognitive function may implicate lack of cognitive engagement at work as a risk factor for future cognitive difficulties.
- MeSH
- Retirement MeSH
- Cognition MeSH
- Cognitive Dysfunction psychology MeSH
- Cohort Studies MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Occupational Diseases psychology MeSH
- Neuropsychological Tests MeSH
- Work psychology MeSH
- Workplace psychology MeSH
- Workload psychology MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Stress, Psychological MeSH
- Regression Analysis MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Social Class MeSH
- Aging psychology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- France MeSH
Zavedenie nových foriem práce vo veľkej miere zmenilo charakter práce a následne viedlo k zásadným zmenám v rodinnom prostredí. Táto kvalitatívna štúdia si kladie za cieľ odpovedať na dve otázky: Akým spôsobom nové formy práce vplývajú na rovnováhu medzi prácou a rodinou vo fyzickej, časovej a psychickej rovine? Aké výhody a nevýhody nových foriem práce sú vnímané samotnými zamestnancami? Tri skupiny IT zamestnancov (spolu 23; 14 mužov a 9 žien) sa zúčastnili 3 stretnutí. Celkovo bolo uskutočnených 9 štruktúrovaných rozhovorov formou fokusových skupín so zvukovým záznamom, ktoré boli následne prepísané formou čistého prepisu. Údaje boli analyzované sémantickou obsahovou analýzou. Participanti boli v diskusii usmerňovaní, aby sa vyjadrovali k novým formám práce, s ktorými majú osobnú skúsenosť: práca z domu (telehomework) a práca v inej časovej zóne (US working hours). Výsledky poukazujú na to, že nové formy práce vedú k stieraniu všetkých troch typov hraníc medzi prácou a rodinou. Navyše bolo ukázané, že nové formy práce posilňujú myšlienkové prekračovanie hraníc medzi doménami. Boli analyzované výhody a nevýhody nových foriem práce a výsledky naznačili, že výhody práce z domu boli v prevahe nad nevýhodami. Štúdia prináša niekoľko teoretických aj praktických vkladov do teórie hraníc medzi prácou a rodinou. V rovine teoretickej sa zistilo, že nové formy práce prispievajú k narúšaniu fyzických, časových aj psychických hraníc, tak ako ich definovala Clark (2000). V praktickej rovine táto štúdia poukazuje na prítomnosť výhod aj nevýhod nových foriem práce z pohľadu zamestnancov. V závere štúdie je zdôraznené, že získané poznatky by mali byť brané do úvahy zamestnávateľmi, špecialistami z oddelení ľudských zdrojov aj samotnými zamestnancami v prípade zavádzania nových foriem práce. Obsah kategórií analyzovaných výhod a nevýhod práce z domu a práce v inej časovej zóne poukazuje na význam organizačnej aj rodinnej opory pre prínosné využívanie nových foriem práce.
The introduction of new ways of working (NWW) has dramatically changed the nature of work and has led to fundamental changes in how families function. This qualitative study aims to answer two questions: How do NWW affect the work-family balance on a physical, temporal and psychological level from an employee's perspective? What are the perceived advantages and disadvantages of NWW in the work-family context from an employee's perspective? Three groups consisting of 23 IT employees (14 men and 9 women) were studied over the course of three sessions. The 9 focus group-structured interviews were audio-recorded and the discussions were transcribed in intelligent/clean verbatim. The transcribed data were analysed using semantical content analysis. The participants were asked to discuss two forms of NWW of which they had had occasional experience: telehomework (THW) and shifts using US working hours (USWH). The results suggest that NWW have contributed to a blurring of all three types of borders between work and family. Moreover, it seems that NWW have intensified the presence of boundary-spanning thoughts. The advantages and disadvantages of NWW were also discussed by participants, and, in general, the advantages of THW were found to outnumber the disadvantages. This study makes several important theoretical and practical contributions to the study of work-family border theory. On a theoretical level the research confirms that NWW contributed to disruption in the physical, temporal and psychological borders defined by Clark (2000). On a practical level this study provides evidence that NWW can be both advantageous and disadvantageous for employees, and therefore employers, HR specialists and employees themselves should be aware of the effect on work-family balance when considering the adoption of THW or USWH. According to the advantages and disadvantages listed by the participants, it seems that organizational and family support is crucial for the successful implementation of NWW.
Bulletin Européen de physiopathologie respiratoire, ISSN 0272-7587 vol. 19, suppl. 5, 1983
95 s. : tab., grafy ; 30 cm
Progress in respiratory research, ISSN 1422-2140 vol. 33
X, 288 s. : tab., grafy ; 30 cm
This book represents a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in paediatric pulmonary function testing and their clinical applications in common paediatric respiratory disorders.The first section reviews the current lung function tests used in infants and toddlers who are by nature unable to cooperate with most testing procedures. It describes the methodologies, provides normal values where available, and gives advice for data interpretation. The second section deals with the classic adult-type pulmonary function tests and their application in the semi-cooperative or cooperative older child. Age-related technical issues and the limitations of these tests are considered. Tests assessing the respiratory system beyond the usual measurements of mechanics, lung volume, and bronchial responsiveness are covered in the third section. These include the measurements of respiratory muscle function, work of breathing, diffusing capacity, and inflammatory markers in exhaled air an
- MeSH
- Asthma diagnosis MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Plethysmography methods MeSH
- Lung Diseases diagnosis MeSH
- Respiratory Function Tests methods MeSH
- Spirometry methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Conspectus
- Pediatrie
- NML Fields
- pediatrie
- pneumologie a ftizeologie
