work-related patterns
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Work-related coping behaviour and experience patterns (WCEP) is the conceptualisation of personal experience with occupational stress and of the typical behavioural responses for coping with such stress. The objective of this review, which is based on 69 references that used the WCEP inventory in university students, is to offer a comprehensive overview of the findings on WCEP and their correlates in the student population. The results of the published studies consistently show that female students, teacher education students (compared to medical students) and students who receive insufficient social and financial support are at greater risk for being assigned to work-related patterns that indicate vulnerability to burnout and occupational health issues. Moreover, students assigned to these patterns, especially to the resigned (burnout) pattern, are prone to manifest other negative characteristics, such as less adaptive personality traits and coping strategies, vulnerability to stress, lower quality motivation, lack of commitment to the chosen career and suitability for the profession, and impaired physical and mental health. In contrast, the most desirable correlates, such as adaptive personality traits, higher quality motivation, commitment to the chosen career, suitability for the profession, stress resistance, adaptive coping and better physical and mental health, were related to the healthy ambitious pattern. Nevertheless, further research is needed to analyse work-related coping behaviour and experience patterns beyond the German speaking population to increase the generalisability of the findings.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Cieľom práce bolo získať a rozšíriť poznatky o vývinových zmenách pohybových stereotypov 11 až15 ročných dievčat a možnosti ich ovplyvnenia kompenzačnými cvičeniami v rámci hodín telesnej a športovej výchovy. Objektom sledovania bolo 15 dievčat ZŠ v Nitre, ktoré sme sledovali v 6., 7., 8. a 9. ročníku. Pohybové stereotypy sme vyšetrovali metódou podľa Jandu (1982), modifikovanou pre účely telovýchovnej praxe Thurzovou (1992). Při výskume sme uskutočnili celkove päť meraní. Medzi 2. a 3. meraním bol počas štyroch mesiacov realizovaný experimentálny činiteľ, zameraný na tri najčastejšie porušené pohybové stereotypy, extenziu v bedrovom kĺbe, stoj na jednej dolnej končatine a kľuk. Najvyšší frekvenčný výskyt sme zaznamenali u chybného pohybového stereotypu extenzie bedrového kĺbu. K zníženiu frekvencie jeho výskytu došlo po pôsobení cielených cvičení o 20 %. Nástup reverzibilních zmien nastal už 8 mesiacov po ukončení experimentu, kedy sme zaznamenali signifikantné zhoršenie na p<0,05, ktoré sa pri ďalšom hodnotení ešte zvýšilo. Odporúčame pre telovýchovnú prax cielenéa dlhodobé využívanie cvičení na kompenzáciu statického zaťaženia pohybového systému, na úpravu pohybových stereotypov v rámci hodín školskej telesnej a športovej výchovy.
This work is aimed at obtaining and enlarging the knowledge on evolution changes in the movement patterns of girls aged 11 to 15 and possibilities of influencing them them by means of compensatory exercises within the framework of P.E. and sport lessons. Object of the study were 15 girls attending elementary school in Nitra, who were observed in consecutive years (grades 6 through 9). Totally 5 measurements of movement patterns were executed. Movement patterns were examined using the method by Janda (1982) modified for the purposes of physical education by Thurzová (1992). Between the measurements 2 and 3 experimental factor was implemented during a 4-month-long period focused on three most frequent functional disorders, extension in hip joint, one leg stand and push up. The most frequent incidence of impaired movement patterns was recorded related to extension in hip joint. It was 20 % lowered as a result of application of special exercises. Reversible changes were assumed 8 months after finishing the experiment, when significant worsening to p<0,05 was recorded. We strongly recommend long term application of special compensation exercises within P.E. and sportlessons. It is possible to affect the incidence of functional disorders of the motor system positively.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- porucha se stereotypními pohyby * epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- stereotypní chování MeSH
- tělesná výchova metody MeSH
- terapie cvičením metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
The aim of this work was to study the effect of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) on the subnetwork of subcortical and cortical motor regions and on the whole brain connectivity using the functional connectivity analysis in Parkinson's disease (PD). The high-density source space EEG was acquired and analyzed in 43 PD subjects in DBS on and DBS off stimulation states (off medication) during a cognitive-motor task. Increased high gamma band (50-100 Hz) connectivity within subcortical regions and between subcortical and cortical motor regions was significantly associated with the Movement Disorders Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) III improvement after DBS. Whole brain neural correlates of cognitive performance were also detected in the high gamma (50-100 Hz) band. A whole brain multifrequency connectivity profile was found to classify optimal and suboptimal responders to DBS with a positive predictive value of 0.77, negative predictive value of 0.55, specificity of 0.73, and sensitivity of 0.60. Specific connectivity patterns related to PD, motor symptoms improvement after DBS, and therapy responsiveness predictive connectivity profiles were uncovered.
- MeSH
- elektroencefalografie metody MeSH
- hluboká mozková stimulace * metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nucleus subthalamicus * patofyziologie MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * terapie patofyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Questionnaires and a sub-maximal exercise test were used to assess occupational and leisure time physical activity as well as physical fitness in a standardized prospective study in 2,565 Belgian and Slovakian middle-aged healthy workers. Less than 5% of the subjects engaged in strenuous work requiring an energy expenditure above 31.5 kJ.min-1. One-third of the Belgians and 50% of the Slovakians reported no heavy leisure time activity during the preceding 12 months. Physical fitness, defined as the workload at heart rate 150 beats.min-1 (standardized for body weight), was significantly higher in Slovakians as compared to Belgians (1.52 +/- 0.28 W.kg-1 and 1.48 +/- 0.28 W.kg-1; P less than 0.001). Occupational physical activity in Belgians and heavy leisure time activity in Slovakians were independently related to fitness levels. However, each activity score explained less than 1% of the variance of physical fitness. We conclude that in these mainly sedentary, middle-aged subjects, fitness levels are independent from the usual physical activity patterns.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- krevní tlak MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- práce * MeSH
- srdeční frekvence MeSH
- tělesná námaha * MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost * MeSH
- triglyceridy krev MeSH
- volnočasové aktivity * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Belgie MeSH
- Československo MeSH
INTRODUCTION: A smooth transition to primary school is positively related to children's later school experience. Certain parental school-readiness beliefs and parenting styles, among other factors, contribute to the smoothness of this transition. METHODS: Therefore, this study adopted a latent profile analysis to examine the patterns of Chinese parents' school-readiness beliefs and their parenting styles and investigated socioeconomic status (SES) differentials in both. Two-stage probability sampling method is adopted in this study and a total of 1,204 Chinese parents of 5- to 6 years-old children were investigated with school-readiness beliefs scale, Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, as well as scale of attitudes regarding roles in school readiness All data analyses were processed in Mplus 8.6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Three profiles were identified: (1) supportive parenting with a very strong emphasis on school readiness; (2) partially supportive parenting with a reflection of school readiness; (3) weakly supportive parenting with no emphasis on school readiness. Higher SES was found to be more likely to be associated with membership in Profile 1 rather than Profile 2. The present study shows quantitative support for Anette Lareau's work and has implications for the development of more targeted parental intervention programs.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Co-medication is common among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), but its dimension and patterns are unknown. This is particularly relevant since AR is understood differently across European countries, as reflected by rhinitis-related search patterns in Google Trends. This study aims to assess AR co-medication and its regional patterns in Europe, using real-world data. METHODS: We analysed 2015-2020 MASK-air® European data. We compared days under no medication, monotherapy and co-medication using the visual analogue scale (VAS) levels for overall allergic symptoms ('VAS Global Symptoms') and impact of AR on work. We assessed the monthly use of different medication schemes, performing separate analyses by region (defined geographically or by Google Trends patterns). We estimated the average number of different drugs reported per patient within 1 year. RESULTS: We analysed 222,024 days (13,122 users), including 63,887 days (28.8%) under monotherapy and 38,315 (17.3%) under co-medication. The median 'VAS Global Symptoms' was 7 for no medication days, 14 for monotherapy and 21 for co-medication (p < .001). Medication use peaked during the spring, with similar patterns across different European regions (defined geographically or by Google Trends). Oral H1 -antihistamines were the most common medication in single and co-medication. Each patient reported using an annual average of 2.7 drugs, with 80% reporting two or more. CONCLUSIONS: Allergic rhinitis medication patterns are similar across European regions. One third of treatment days involved co-medication. These findings suggest that patients treat themselves according to their symptoms (irrespective of how they understand AR) and that co-medication use is driven by symptom severity.
- MeSH
- alergická rýma * farmakoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- antihistaminika terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rýma * farmakoterapie MeSH
- zvyky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
In functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) in Parkinson's disease (PD), a paradigm consisting of blocks of finger tapping and rest along with a corresponding general linear model (GLM) is often used to assess motor activity. However, this method has three limitations: (i) Due to the strong magnetic field and the confined environment of the cylindrical bore, it is troublesome to accurately monitor motor output and, therefore, variability in the performed movement is typically ignored. (ii) Given the loss of dopaminergic neurons and ongoing compensatory brain mechanisms, motor control is abnormal in PD. Therefore, modeling of patients' tapping with a constant amplitude (using a boxcar function) and the expected Parkinsonian motor output are prone to mismatch. (iii) The motor loop involves structures with distinct hemodynamic responses, for which only one type of modeling (e.g., modeling the whole block of finger tapping) may not suffice to capture these structure's temporal activation. The first two limitations call for considering results from online recordings of the real motor output that may lead to significant sensitivity improvements. This was shown in previous work using a non-magnetic glove to capture details of the patients' finger movements in a so-called kinematic approach. For the third limitation, modeling motion initiation instead of the whole tapping block has been suggested to account for different temporal activation signatures of the motor loop's structures. In the present study we propose improvements to the GLM as a tool to study motor disorders. For this, we test the robustness of the kinematic approach in an expanded cohort (n = 31), apply more conservative statistics than in previous work, and evaluate the benefits of an event-related model function. Our findings suggest that the integration of the kinematic approach offers a general improvement in detecting activations in subcortical structures, such as the basal ganglia. Additionally, modeling motion initiation using an event-related design yielded superior performance in capturing medication-related effects in the putamen. Our results may guide adaptations in analysis strategies for functional motor studies related to PD and also in more general applications.
BACKGROUND: Smoke-free policy belongs to key public health instruments to promote health in populations. In 2017, new comprehensive smoke-free law prohibiting smoking in indoor public places was implemented. We aimed to measure changes in tobacco smoking patterns and changes in motivation to quit in adult smokers prior to and after the new smoke-free legislation came into force. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study prior to and post the implementation of Act No. 65/2017 Coll. Self-reported questionnaires were administered to 131 adult smokers by trained nurses in general practitioner offices in Prague. We analysed changes in cigarette consumption per day; ratio of cigarettes smoked in pub, street, work and home; and motivation to quit using regression modelling. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant decrease in the daily consumption of cigarettes (an average of 1.7 cigarettes per day, P < 0.001, d = 0.34). Smoking in indoor public spaces decreased to almost zero, while tobacco consumption in outdoor public spaces (such as streets and squares) increased by nearly 20%. We observed statistically significant increase of motivation to quit smoking (P = 0.021, d = 0.21). CONCLUSION: The study brings valuable indication of the desired public health impact related to key legislative change in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motivace * MeSH
- odvykání kouření * MeSH
- podpora zdraví MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- užívání tabáku MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Background: Many specific games are practiced with the aim of maintaining the possession of the ball by the team. Among them, possession games (POG) are similar to small-sided games (SSG), and as such, have a few different characteristics.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare high-intensity patterns of professional soccer players in relation to the positional role between POG and SSG in professional soccer. Methods: A descriptive analysis was conducted over one season, during typical training sessions with 5 vs. 5 designs and 10 official matches. Twenty-six male professional players (age 24.7 ± 5 years, body mass 73.6 ± 7 kg, body height 178.4 ± 6.2 cm) were classified into five positional roles: central defender, wide defender, midfielder, wing and forward. Players' locomotor activity was recorded using GPS (Openfield-CatapultTM). Data on total distance, player-load, work rates (distance covered at speed > 14.9 km/h per min and distance covered at speed > 19.9 km/h per min), the number of runs in work rates, very high-intensity accelerations-decelerations (> 3.5 / < -3.5 m/s2) and maximal speed were measured. Results: The analysis of the data showed higher performance for POG in seven of the nine study variables (p < .01), except in accelerations where the SSG were higher than POG (p < .01), while no significant difference was obtained in decelerations. When comparing performance among playing positions, significantly higher values were observed in POG (p < .05) in the same variables (no differences for the wingers in total distance and player-load; wide defenders and forwards in distance covered at speed > 19.9 km/h per min). Regarding accelerations, SSG outperformed POG in almost all game positions (p < .05, except for wide defenders). No significant differences were found in decelerations for all positions. Conclusions: The findings suggest that POG could be used to stimulate the physical demands to which players are exposed to competitions. Moreover, SSG could be used as an exercise with greater intentionality when it comes to stimulating a significant number of accelerations per unit time.
