- MeSH
- Bacteriological Techniques methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Kingella kingae isolation & purification MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Laboratory Proficiency Testing * MeSH
- Vibrio vulnificus isolation & purification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Our recent experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of easy-to-use, quick, cheap, sensitive and selective detection of virus pathogens for the efficient monitoring and treatment of virus diseases. Early detection of viruses provides essential information about possible efficient and targeted treatments, prolongs the therapeutic window and hence reduces morbidity. Graphene is a lightweight, chemically stable and conductive material that can be successfully utilized for the detection of various virus strains. The sensitivity and selectivity of graphene can be enhanced by its functionalization or combination with other materials. Introducing suitable functional groups and/or counterparts in the hybrid structure enables tuning of the optical and electrical properties, which is particularly attractive for rapid and easy-to-use virus detection. In this review, we cover all the different types of graphene-based sensors available for virus detection, including, e.g., photoluminescence and colorimetric sensors, and surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Various strategies of electrochemical detection of viruses based on, e.g., DNA hybridization or antigen-antibody interactions, are also discussed. We summarize the current state-of-the-art applications of graphene-based systems for sensing a variety of viruses, e.g., SARS-CoV-2, influenza, dengue fever, hepatitis C virus, HIV, rotavirus and Zika virus. General principles, mechanisms of action, advantages and drawbacks are presented to provide useful information for the further development and construction of advanced virus biosensors. We highlight that the unique and tunable physicochemical properties of graphene-based nanomaterials make them ideal candidates for engineering and miniaturization of biosensors.
- MeSH
- Betacoronavirus genetics isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques * instrumentation methods trends MeSH
- Equipment Design MeSH
- DNA, Viral analysis genetics MeSH
- Electrochemical Techniques MeSH
- Graphite * chemistry MeSH
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques * instrumentation methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Colorimetry MeSH
- Coronavirus Infections diagnosis epidemiology virology MeSH
- Quantum Dots chemistry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Luminescence MeSH
- Nanostructures chemistry MeSH
- Pandemics MeSH
- Surface Plasmon Resonance MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis, Raman MeSH
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions MeSH
- Virology methods MeSH
- Pneumonia, Viral diagnosis epidemiology virology MeSH
- Viruses genetics isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide triggering a pandemic during the year 2020. The proportion of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 whose infection remained subclinical is not known. However, such information is important to determine whether the control measures currently employed are sufficient to halt the spread of the virus. Current study has examined the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a population of 92 healthcare professionals working with patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test system for SARS-CoV-2 IgG from EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (Germany) was used. Very low herd antibody-mediated immunity was proven, less than 2%, although we have been faced with the COVID-19 pandemic for several months. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody testing is currently unable to provide sufficient information about our anti-infectious immunity.
- MeSH
- Ambulatory Care Facilities organization & administration MeSH
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MeSH
- Disease Outbreaks prevention & control MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Occupational Health * MeSH
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases epidemiology immunology therapy MeSH
- Immunoglobulin G analysis immunology MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Immunity, Herd MeSH
- Coronavirus Infections diagnosis epidemiology prevention & control MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Needs Assessment MeSH
- Pandemics prevention & control statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional prevention & control MeSH
- Antibodies, Viral immunology MeSH
- Seroepidemiologic Studies MeSH
- Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology prevention & control MeSH
- Health Personnel MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Germany MeSH
Paroxysmální noční hemoglobinurie (PNH) je vzácné onemocnění kmenové krvetvorné buňky vznikající na podkladě mutace genu PIG-A. V důsledku mutace je porušena syntéza glykosylfosfatidylinositolu a na povrchu buněk chybí proteiny CD55 a CD59, které za normálních okolností ochraňují krevní elementy před působením aktivovaného komplementu. Deficit těchto inhibitorů komplementu má za následek intravaskulární hemolýzu způsobenou aktivovaným komplementem s rozvojem anemie a klinických známek anemického syndromu. Prvním příznakem PNH může být trombóza, často v neobvyklé lokalizaci, způsobená aktivací koagulačního systému při aktivaci komplementu. Tromboembolické komplikace jsou hlavní příčinou mortality pacientů. Dalšími typickými komplikacemi jsou renální insuficience, plicní hypertenze a postupné vyčerpání kostní dřeně, které může vést až k selhání krvetvorby. Diagnostickým standardem je průkaz absence antigenů CD55 a CD59 na povrchu buněk metodou průtokové cytometrie. Pacienti jsou často závislí na opakovaném podávání transfuzí erytrocytů, což může být komplikováno rozvojem orgánové hemosiderózy s poškozením zejména jater a myokardu. Antikoagulační profylaxe u PNH nezabraňuje vzniku trombózy. Základem léčby pacientů s výraznou závislostí na transfuzích a vysokým rizikem tromboembolie je dnes aplikace ekulizumabu, protilátky proti složce C5 komplementového systému. U nemocných s hypoplastickou formou PNH a progredujícím selháním krvetvorby je možno provést transplantaci krvetvorných buněk či nasadit kombinovanou imunosupresi. Transplantaci krvetvorných buněk je možné zvážit také u mladších nemocných s klasickou formou PNH, kteří mají sourozence se shodou HLA.
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease of haematopoietic stem cell caused by a PIG-A gene somatic mutation. The synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol is defective due to this mutation and CD55 and CD59 proteins, that normally protect the blood elements from the action of activated complement, are missing on the cell surface. The deficiency of these complement inhibitors leads to intravascular hemolysis caused by activated complement with the development of anaemia and clinical symptoms of anaemic syndrome. The first sign of PNH may be also a thrombotic event, often in an unusual location, caused by the activation of the coagulation system upon activation of the complement. Thrombotic complications are the leading cause of patients’ mortality. Other typical complications are renal insufficiency, pulmonary hypertension and progressive bone marrow failure. The diagnostic standard is the evidence of the absence of CD55 and CD59 antigens on cell surface by flow cytometry. Patients are often transfusion dependent, which may be complicated by the development of organ haemosiderosis with especially liver and myocardial damage. Anticoagulation prophylaxis does not prevent the development of thrombosis in PNH. The standard therapy of patients with significant transfusion dependency and high risk of thromboembolism is the application of eculizumab, antibody against the C5 component of the complement system. In patients with hypoplastic form of PNH and progressive bone marrow failure the haematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be performed, or combined immunosuppression may be used. The haematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be considered also in younger patients with classic form of PNH who have a HLA compatible sibling.
- MeSH
- Anemia etiology MeSH
- Cyclosporine administration & dosage MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- GPI-Linked Proteins genetics deficiency MeSH
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use MeSH
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized therapeutic use MeSH
- Immunosuppression Therapy MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Complement C5 antagonists & inhibitors MeSH
- Blood Cells MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal * diagnostic imaging etiology classification complications physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Flow Cytometry statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Thrombosis etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- C-Reactive Protein analysis MeSH
- Liver Function Tests MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques * methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Creatine Kinase analysis MeSH
- Blood Cell Count MeSH
- Uric Acid analysis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Acute-Phase Proteins analysis classification MeSH
- Rheumatic Diseases * diagnosis classification blood MeSH
- Synovial Fluid MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Keywords
- externí hodnodcení kvality,
- MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques standards statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Quality of Health Care MeSH
- Quality Control * MeSH
- Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
- Serologic Tests * standards MeSH
- Streptococcus pyogenes immunology pathogenicity MeSH
- Streptococcal Infections * diagnosis blood MeSH
- Publication type
- Tables MeSH
Indikace laboratorních metod v ordinaci všeobecného praktického lékaře (VPL) je významně ovlivněna doporučenými diagnostickými a terapeutickými postupy v případě kurativy, resp. příslušnými vyhláškami v případě preventivních prohlídek. Regulace vytváří tlak na racionalizaci vyžádaných vyšetření. V oblasti prevence, diagnostiky i sledování pacientů se stále více uplatňuje laboratorní testování v místě poskytování péče (POCT – point of care testing). Autoři prostřednictvím dat Zaměstnanecké pojišťovny Škoda hledali odpověď na otázku, jaké jsou trendy v indikaci laboratorních metod všeobecnými praktickými lékaři a jejich nákladovosti, jaké jsou nejčastější metody indikované v primární péči a jaké jsou trendy ve využívání metod POCT praktickými lékaři. Náklady v segmentu všeobecných praktických lékařů na biochemická vyšetření zůstávají dlouhodobě stabilní a ukazují na racionální chování PL. Nejčastější biochemické metody indikované VPL jsou glykemie, ALT a AST. Z nákladných biochemických metod jsou nejčastěji VPL indikovány stanovení PSA, troponinu a tumormarkerů. Počet ordinací provádějících vyšetření v POCT režimu a podíl POCT metod na laboratorních vyšetřeních narůstá. Více než polovina vyšetření INR a téměř polovina vyšetření CRP je vykázána v POCT režimu.
The indication of laboratory methods in general practice is significantly influenced by practical guidelines and protocols for preventive care. The financial regulation pushes on rationalisation of the use of laboratory methods. Point of care testing is more and more important in prevention, diagnostics and follow up in primary care settings. Based on the data available from Škoda Insurance Company authors aimed to describe trends in induction and cost of laboratory methods, the most frequent methods used in primary care and trends in the use of POCT methods within general practice. The expenditures for laboratory methods in general practice are stable for a long term and suggest a rational behaviour of general practitioners. The most frequently indicated methods in general practice are glycaemia, ALT and AST. From expensive methods the most frequent are PSA, troponin and tumormarkers. The number of general practices performing POCT methods and also the number of POCT examinations increase. More than one half of INR examinations and nearly half of all CRP examinations are performed in POCT regime.
