Cíl: Cílem studie bylo zmapovat výskyt bakterií Staphylococcus aureus a meticilin-rezistentních Staphylococcus aureus v prostředí univerzitního kampusu. Důraz byl kladen na identifikaci potenciálně rizikových míst z hlediska častého kontaktu s povrchy a vysoké koncentrace osob. Metody: Vzorkování probíhalo na předem vytipovaných lokalitách univerzity za použití sterilních stěrových houbiček. Odebraný materiál byl pomnožen v pufrované peptonové vodě (24 hod, 37 °C) a dále kultivován na selektivních médiích. Výskyt bakterií Staphylococcus aureus a meticilin-rezistentních Staphylococcus aureus byl potvrzen pomocí metody PCR. U izolátů meticilin-rezistentních S. aureus byly dále detekovány geny virulence, určeny spa typy a testována rezistence k antimikrobikům. Výsledky: Celkem bylo analyzováno 312 vzorků odebraných z povrchů v univerzitních koridorech, knihovně a dvou stravovacích zařízeních. S. aureus byl detekován ve 210 vzorcích (67,3 %). Získáno bylo také 8 izolátů meticilin-rezistentních S. aureus (2,6 %). Identifikovány byly spa typy meticilin-rezistentních S. aureus t304 (častý na Blízkém východě) a t011 náležející ke klonální linii ST398, t126 a t189. Tři izoláty meticilin-rezistentních S. aureus byly klasifikovány jako multirezistentní. Závěr: Výsledky poukazují na významnou kontaminaci univerzitního prostředí bakteriemi Staphylococcus aureus a meticilin- rezistentních Staphylococcus aureus, zejména na površích s vysokou frekvencí dotyku. Zdůrazňuje se potřeba časté a cílené dezinfekce, vhodné volby čisticích prostředků a důsledné podpory hygieny rukou mezi studenty i zaměstnanci. Monitoring těchto patogenů může být klíčovým nástrojem prevence komunitního šíření, a to i s ohledem na možný přenos do zdravotnických zařízení.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in a university campus environment. Emphasis was placed on identifying potentially high-risk areas with frequent surface contact and high population density. Methods: Sampling was conducted at pre-selected locations across the university using sterile swab sponges. Samples were enriched in buffered peptone water (24 h, 37 °C) and subsequently cultured on selective media. The presence of SA/MRSA was confirmed using PCR. For MRSA isolates, virulence genes were detected, spa types were determined, and antimicrobial resistance was tested. Results: A total of 312 surface samples were collected from university corridors, the library, and two dining facilities. S. aureus was detected in 210 samples (67.3%). Additionally, 8 MRSA isolates were obtained (2.6%). Identified MRSA spa types included t304 (common in the Middle East), t011 belonging to the clonal lineage ST398, as well as t126 and t189. Three MRSA isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. Conclusion: The findings highlight significant contamination of the university environment with SA and MRSA, particularly on frequently touched surfaces. The results underscore the importance of regular and targeted disinfection, appropriate selection of cleaning agents, and consistent promotion of hand hygiene among students and staff. Monitoring these pathogens may be a key tool in preventing community spread, especially considering the potential for transmission into healthcare settings.
- Keywords
- kontaminace povrchů,
- MeSH
- Fomites microbiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus * isolation & purification MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus * isolation & purification MeSH
- Universities * MeSH
- Environmental Exposure MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
To trace evolution of Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive clonal complex 398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Czech Republic, we tested 103 MRSA isolates from humans. Five (4.9%) were Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive clonal complex 398, sequence types 1232 and 9181. Spread to the Czech Republic may result from travel to or from other countries.
- MeSH
- Bacterial Toxins * biosynthesis genetics MeSH
- History, 21st Century MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Exotoxins * genetics biosynthesis MeSH
- Leukocidins * genetics MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus * genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections * microbiology epidemiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- History, 21st Century MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Historical Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Medical students are exposed to the hospital environment and patients during their studies, increasing the risk of exposure to virulent and antibiotic-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among medical students who have varying levels of exposure to the hospital environment to provide valuable insights into the risk of colonization and transmission. Nasal swabs and fingerprints were obtained and cultured on a selective medium for staphylococci. The obtained isolates were confirmed as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant (MRSA) using PCR. Antibiotic resistance, the presence of virulence genes including enterotoxin encoding genes, and spa typing were performed. Among pre-clinical students, MSSA was detected on the nose in 45.2% and on the fingerprints in 10.6% of the participants. Among clinical students, MSSA was detected on the nose in 42.0% and on the fingerprints in 25.4%. Only one MRSA isolate was obtained. Genes seg and sei were the most frequently detected in both student groups, with their presence in over 40% of isolates among clinical students. The eta and etb genes were mainly detected from the nose in both student groups. In pre-clinical students, S. aureus carrying eta gene occurred in 6.4% and etb in 8.5%. In clinical students, the occurrence was 5.1% for eta and 8.5% for etb. The tst gene was identified only in the nose and fingerprints of the clinical student group. The most frequently observed resistance was to clindamycin and erythromycin. In total 58 different spa types were identified. High rates of asymptomatic MSSA carriage were observed in both groups of medical students. Detected MSSA strains showed a high degree of genetic variability, with a number of them carrying the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Although students do not exhibit increased risk to their patient's, increased hygiene is required in asymptomatic carriage personnel. The overall prevalence of MRSA was low, with a minimal risk of spread.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Virulence Factors * genetics MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus genetics isolation & purification drug effects classification MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Carrier State * microbiology epidemiology MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections * microbiology epidemiology MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus * genetics isolation & purification drug effects classification MeSH
- Students, Medical * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial human pathogen that causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations. The main aim of the presented study was to determine and optimize a novel sequencing independent approach that enables molecular typing of S. aureus isolates and elucidates the transmission of emergent clones between patients. In total, 987 S. aureus isolates including both methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were used to evaluate the novel typing approach combining high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) genes (mini-MLST) and spa gene (spa-HRM). The novel approach's discriminatory ability was evaluated by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The clonal relatedness of tested isolates was set by the BURP and BURST approach using spa and MLST data, respectively. Mini-MLST classified the S. aureus isolates into 38 clusters, followed by spa-HRM classifying the isolates into 101 clusters. The WGS proved HRM-based methods to effectively differentiate between related S. aureus isolates. Visualizing evolutionary relationships among different spa-types provided by the BURP algorithm showed comparable results to MLST/mini-MLST clonal clusters. We proved that the combination of mini-MLST and spa-HRM is rapid, reproducible, and cost-efficient. In addition to high discriminatory ability, the correlation between spa evolutionary relationships and mini-MLST clustering allows the variability in population structure to be monitored. IMPORTANCE Rapid and cost-effective molecular typing tools for Staphylococcus aureus epidemiological applications such as transmission tracking, source attribution and outbreak investigations are highly desirable. High-resolution melting based methods are effective alternative to those based on sequencing. Their good reproducibility and easy performance allow prospective typing of large set of isolates while reaching great discriminatory power. In this study, we established a new epidemiological approach to S. aureus typing. This scheme has the potential to greatly improve epidemiological investigations of S. aureus.
- MeSH
- Infection Control * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Molecular Typing methods MeSH
- Multilocus Sequence Typing MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Whole Genome Sequencing MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections diagnosis microbiology MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Bacterial Typing Techniques methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Článok pojednáva o pomerne novom lipoglykopeptidovom antibiotiku na trhu s názvom dalbavancín. Stručne popisuje spektrum a mechanizmus jeho antibakteriálneho účinku a dávkovacie schémy, ktoré je možné použiť v liečbe infekcií kože a mäkkých tkanív. V predloženej kazuistike autori popisujú prípad flegmóny ramena u pacientky, ktorej vyvolávateľom bol MRSA a na jej liečbu bolo -úspešne použité toto antibiotikum.
The article discusses dalbavancin, a relatively new lipoglycopeptide antibiotic brought to market. It briefly describes the spectrum and mechanism of its antibacterial effect and dosing regimens that can be used in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. The authors present a case of a patient with shoulder phlegmon caused by MRSA who was successfully treated with this antibiotic.
- Keywords
- Dalbavalcín, Teicoplanin,
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage MeSH
- Cellulitis drug therapy microbiology MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Upper Extremity MeSH
- Skin Diseases, Infectious drug therapy microbiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification drug effects MeSH
- Teicoplanin analogs & derivatives administration & dosage pharmacology MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Fatal Outcome MeSH
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa * diagnosis complications therapy MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification pathogenicity MeSH
- Genitalia, Male pathology MeSH
- Perineum * pathology MeSH
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell * diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is essential for proper initial antibiotic therapy and timely set up of hygienic measures. Recently, detection of MRSA using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer mediated by the peptide-phenol-soluble modulin (PSM-mec)-linked to the class A mec gene complex present in SCCmec cassettes types II, III, and VIII of MRSA strains, has been commercially available. We present here a multicentre study on MALDI-TOF MS detection of MRSA evincing a poor repeatability and reproducibility of the assay. The sensitivity of the assay varies between 50 and 90% in strains carrying psmMEC and psmδ genes encoding for PSM-mec and δ-toxin (a member of the PSM peptide family), respectively. No false positive results were found. The very major error calculation was 30% and the major error achieved 0%. Interlaboratory repeatability varies between 0 and 100%. No significant difference was observed with the use of different cultivation media. Our data showed a poor sensitivity of the method excluding it from the use in routine laboratory testing.
- MeSH
- Bacterial Toxins genetics MeSH
- Diagnostic Errors MeSH
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques * MeSH
- Diagnostic Tests, Routine MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization * MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections diagnosis microbiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
Cílem této práce bylo zjistit lokální epidemiologickou situaci v Nemocnici Znojmo v období let 2014–2019, z hle-diska výskytu závažných bakteriálních kmenů typu MRSA, za účelem posouzení aktuálního vývojového trendu. U kmenů MRSA byla rovněž sledována sdružená rezistence na další antimikrobiální preparáty, s cílem zlepšit em-pirický způsob léčby MRSA pozitivních pacientů v této nemocnici. Za účelem zjištění nejčastějšího místa výskytu kmenů MRSA, bylo zhodnoceno jejich zastoupení v různorodém klinickém materiálu, podle místa první izolace kmene. Následně byla věnována pozornost materiálu, ve kterém se tyto epidemiologicky významné kmeny nejvíce nacházely, včetně jejich zastoupení na jednotlivých nemocničních oddělení, z důvodu cílené kontroly jejich výskytu.
The aim was to characterize the local epidemiological situation of MRSA type strains in the Znojmo Hospital in 2014–2019 and to show the recent trend. The resistance of MRSA strains to multiple antimicrobials was also analysed in order to improve the empirical treatment of MRSA positive patients in the Znojmo Hospital. The first MRSA isolation sites were compared. The focus was on the specimens from which these epidemiologically relevant strains were most often recovered and on MRSA occurrence in different hospital wards in order to control them in a targeted manner.
The aim of this study was to trace the dynamic changes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineages in the local hospital in both the national and international context. We describe genotypic and phenotypic characterization of 62 non-duplicate MRSA isolates collected during 2010-2016 at University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. The isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing (SCCmec typing). Eight different genotypes were described; ST225-t003-II (32/62, 52%), ST5-t002-II (13/62, 22%), and ST225-t014-II (12/62, 21%) were constantly detected over the 7-year follow-up period. The genotypes ST225-t151-II, ST225-t1282-II, ST225-t1623-II, ST78-t2832-II, and ST225-t8799-II occurred only once in the period reported. The majority of the strains, represented by ST225, belonged to clonal complex 5 (CC5).
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Bacteremia epidemiology microbiology MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Phenotype MeSH
- Genotype MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus classification drug effects isolation & purification MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Multilocus Sequence Typing MeSH
- Hospitals, University MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology MeSH
- Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
BACKGROUND: Cases of colonization or infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequently reported in people who work with animals, including veterinary personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization among veterinary professionals. A total of 134 nasal swabs from healthy attendees of a veterinary conference held in the Czech Republic were tested for presence of MRSA. The stains were further genotypically and phenotypically characterized. RESULTS: Nine isolated MRSA strains were characterized with sequence type (ST), spa type (t) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type. Five different genotypes were described, including ST398-t011-IV (n = 5), ST398-t2330-IV (n = 1), ST398-t034-V (n = 1), ST225-t003-II (n = 1) and ST4894-t011-IV (n = 1). The carriage of the animal MRSA strain was confirmed in 8 cases, characteristics of one strain corresponded to the possible nosocomial origin. Among animal strains were described three spa types (t011, t034, t2330) belonging into one dominating clonal complex spa-CC11. CONCLUSION: According to our results, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in veterinary personnel is 6.72%. Although we described an increase compared to the results of previous study (year 2008), the prevalence in the Czech Republic is still remaining lower than reported from neighboring countries. Our results also indicate that healthcare - associated MRSA strains are still not spread among animals.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Genotype MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Nose microbiology MeSH
- Occupational Exposure MeSH
- Carrier State epidemiology microbiology MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology MeSH
- Students MeSH
- Education, Veterinary MeSH
- Veterinarians * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
