- Keywords
- systém Sienna +,
- MeSH
- Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy methods MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope utilization MeSH
- Lymph Node Excision methods utilization MeSH
- Breast Neoplasms diagnosis surgery MeSH
- Nanoparticles utilization MeSH
- Radionuclide Imaging methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
Od systému cíleného podávání léků (DDS – drug delivery system) se očekává pro terapii zvýšená účinnost léčiv, cílená distribuce a snížení nežádoucích efektů. V přehledném článku jsou stručně popsány základní principy nanotechnologie vyvinuté pro DDS, jednotlivé úseky současného výzkumu a klíčové oblasti nutné pro budoucí zkoumání. Pozornost je věnována resveratrolu jako modelové látce se zajímavými farmakologickými vlastnostmi, které byly potvrzeny v řadě studií, a také pro jeho široké užívání ve formě doplňkové terapie. Vzhledem k nepříznivým farmakokinetickým parametrům resveratrolu, charakterizovaných velmi nízkou biodostupností přes dostatečně vysokou orální absorpci, se účinnost resveratrolu začala studovat v nových nanotechnologií připravených lékových formách. V přehledu jsou uvedeny výsledky dosavadních in vitro a in vivo studií s resveratrolem v novém typu lékových forem s využitím různorodých nanočástic jako jsou liposomy, pevné lipidní částice, cyklodextriny a micely.
Drug delivery system (DDS) is intended to increasing effectiveness of drugs through targeted distribution and to reducing of unwanted effects. In this mini-review, the basic principles of nanotechnology that were developed for DDS were reported including sections on the present research in key areas that are important for future investigations. Attention is paid on resveratrol as a model phytochemical with interesting pharmacologic profile which was demonstrated in great numbers of studies and for its wide use as supplemental therapy. Due to complicated pharmacokinetic profile of resveratrol that is characterized by very low bioavailability in spite of high oral absorption, the effects of resveratrol is being studied in new nanotechnology preparations of pharmaceutical formulation. Herein we report on results of present in vitro and in vivo investigations with resveratrol in new types of drug formulations using different nanoparticles as liposomes, solid lipid particles, cyclodextrins and micelles.
- MeSH
- Antioxidants * pharmacokinetics pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Apoptosis drug effects MeSH
- Cyclodextrins physiology MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic therapeutic use MeSH
- Dosage Forms MeSH
- Drug Delivery Systems * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Liposomes MeSH
- Nanoparticles utilization MeSH
- Nanotechnology MeSH
- Resveratrol MeSH
- Stilbenes pharmacokinetics pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) represent a key threat for millions of humans and animals worldwide, since they act as vectors for devastating parasites and pathogens. Eco-friendly control tools are a priority. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles is rapid and cost-effective. Here we biosynthesized poly-dispersed silver nanocrystals (AgNPs) using a cheap aqueous leaf extract of Adiantum raddianum. AgNPs were characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The acute toxicity of A. raddianum extract and biosynthesized AgNPs was evaluated against larvae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi, the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Compared to the leaf aqueous extract, AgNPs showed higher toxicity against An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 values of 10.33, 11.23 and 12.19 μg/ml, respectively. Biosynthesized AgNPs were found safer to non-target organisms Diplonychus indicus, Anisops bouvieri and Gambusia affinis, with respective LC50 values ranging from 517.86 to 635.98 μg/ml. Overall, this study firstly shed light on the potential of A. raddianum as a potential bio-resource for rapid, cheap and effective nanosynthesis of novel mosquitocides.
- MeSH
- Adiantum chemistry toxicity MeSH
- Pest Control, Biological methods MeSH
- Filariasis prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Disease Vectors * MeSH
- Malaria prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Mosquito Control methods MeSH
- Nanoparticles utilization MeSH
- Nanotechnology methods MeSH
- Plant Extracts MeSH
- MeSH
- Cartilage transplantation MeSH
- Endothelium transplantation MeSH
- Glottis physiology transplantation MeSH
- Cochlear Implants MeSH
- Bone Substitutes classification MeSH
- Blood MeSH
- Blood Substitutes therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nanoparticles utilization MeSH
- Joint Prosthesis classification MeSH
- Hearing physiology MeSH
- Stem Cell Transplantation utilization MeSH
- Skin Transplantation MeSH
- Corneal Transplantation MeSH
- Skin, Artificial MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field evolved within past few decades and playing substantial role in environment, industry, agriculture and pharmacology. Integration of nanotechnology and biotechnology has led to the foundation of nanomedicine. It has provided novel breakthroughs in cure of various ailments and disorders, drug delivery systems, detection and diagnostics of different diseases. However, use of microbially synthesized nanoparticles in health and medicine is still limited. This article highlights the green approach of nanomaterials synthesis using microbes and current status of their applications in biomedical field.
Dyslipidémie je nejčastější metabolickou poruchou. Základem její léčby je ovlivnění životních návyků (nekouření, zavedení racionální diety a pravidelné pohybové aktivity aj.) Primárním cílem farmakologické léčby dyslipidémie je dosažení cílových hodnot (podle celkového kardiovaskulárního rizika) základního rizikového faktoru pro aterosklerózu: LDL cholesterolu. Sekundárním cílem léčby dyslipidémie by mělo být ovlivnění dalších lipidů, a to především aterogenní dyslipidémie (zvýšené koncentrace triglyceridů a/nebo snížené koncentrace HDL cholesterolu). Cílovým parametrem je u aterogenní dyslipidémie hodnota non-HDL cholesterolu nebo apolipoproteinu B, které jsou opět dány celkovým kardiovaskulárním rizikem. Aterogenitu této dyslipidémie způsobují velmi aterogenní malé denzní LDL částice a tzv. remnantní cholesterol, který je obsažen v remnantech částic bohatých na triglyceridy. Tuto dyslipidémii dokáží více ovlivnit fibráty než statiny; u nás je nejčastěji používán fenofibrát. Fixní kombi nace simvastatinu s fenofibrátem je po važována současnými experty za bez pečnou a užitečnou u pacientů s (velmi) vysokým celkovým kardiovaskulárním rizikem a s aterogenní dyslipidémií, která se vyskytuje většinou současně s metabolickým syndromem a/nebo s diabetem 2. typu.
Dyslipidemias belong to the most common metabolic disorders. The first approach in dyslipidemia management is life style modification (i.e. non-smoking, rational diet, regular physical activity etc.). The primary aim of dyslipidemia pharmacotherapy is LDL-cholesterol (standard risk factor of atherosclerosis) reduction (according to the patient's global cardiovascular risk). The secondary aim should be to influence the other lipids, especially atherogenic dyslipidemia (increased triglycerides and/ or reduced HDL-cholesterol). Non-HDL-cholesterol or apolipoprotein B represent the aims of the successful treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia, again according to the patient's global cardiovascular risk. High risk of atherosclerosis is mediated in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia by small dense LDL particles and by remnant cholesterol, which is located in the remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Fibrates are more successful in the treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia than statins; fenofibrate is the most common fibrate used in our country. The fixed combination of simvastatin and fenofibrate is considered by experts in lipidology to be very safe and useful in patients with (very) high cardiovascular risk and with atherogenic dyslipidemia, which is frequent concurrently with m etabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Keywords
- aterogenní dyslipidémie, Cholib, vazoprotektivní účinek, lipidový profil,
- MeSH
- Apolipoproteins B blood standards drug effects MeSH
- Atherosclerosis * complications prevention & control MeSH
- Biological Availability MeSH
- Fibric Acids * administration & dosage pharmacology adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diagnosis drug therapy MeSH
- Diabetic Retinopathy drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Diet Therapy * MeSH
- Dyslipidemias * diagnosis etiology drug therapy classification physiopathology prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Fenofibrate * administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Combinations * MeSH
- Hypertriglyceridemia * drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Cardiovascular Diseases * drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Clinical Trials as Topic MeSH
- Cholesterol, LDL * blood adverse effects drug effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis drug therapy MeSH
- Nanoparticles therapeutic use utilization MeSH
- Motor Activity MeSH
- Lipid Metabolism Disorders MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Simvastatin * administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors * administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Východiska: I přes rychlý vývoj nových, efektivnějších cytostatik a cílené terapie není úspěšnost léčby karcinomů plic stále dostačující. Systémově aplikované léčivo je k nádorovým buňkám často dopraveno v neefektivních koncentracích, a to především kvůli specifickému extracelulárnímu prostředí plic. Nanotransportéry mohou ochránit léčivo před těmito nežádoucími vlivy, zvýšit jeho účinnost a snížit jeho nežádoucí účinky. Nanotechnologie mají navíc potenciál zvýšit diagnostickou úspěšnost nádorů plic, a tím přispět ke zlepšení přežití onkologických pacientů. Cíl: Cílem této práce je ilustrovat možnosti, které nanotechnologie nabízejí na poli léčby a diagnostiky nádorů plic, a diskutovat překážky, které brání jejich zavedení do klinické praxe.
Backgrounds: Despite the fast development of new effective cytostatics and targeted therapy, the treatment efficiency of lung cancer is still insufficient. The systemic administration of drugs results in a decrease in drug concentrations in tumor site, particularly due to specific extracellular environment in lungs. Nanotransporters could serve as a platform, protecting a drug against these undesired effects, which may enhance its therapeutic index and reduce side effects of a drug. Moreover, nanotechnologies possess the potential to improve the diagnostics of lung cancer, and thus increase a survival rate of oncologic patients. Aim: The presented study is aimed to demonstrate the possibilities provided by nanotechnologies in the field of treatment and diagnostic of lung cancers and discuss the obstacles, which complicate a translation into clinical practice. Key words: targeted delivery – liposomes – nanoparticles – non‑small cell lung cancer – small cell lung cancer The study was supported by League Against Cancer Prague (project 18257/2014-981) and by the Czech Ministry of Health – RVO, FN v Motole 00064203. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers. Submitted: 21. 3. 2015 Accepted: 11. 5. 2015
- MeSH
- Biocompatible Materials MeSH
- Extracellular Space drug effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lung Neoplasms * drug therapy MeSH
- Nanoparticles * classification utilization MeSH
- Nanotechnology trends MeSH
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung * drug therapy MeSH
- Drug Carriers MeSH
- Permeability drug effects MeSH
- Lung drug effects MeSH
- Carrier Proteins MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
