OBJECTIVE: Trace elements are essential for the biochemistry of the cell. Their reference values have been found to differ considerably in pregnant women stratified by age, place of residence, anthropometric status, and length of pregnancy. In optimal amounts, these elements reduce the risk of pregnancy complications. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and rubidium (Rb) on pregnant women in an iodine deficiency region and find the relationship with the thyroid status and nutrition. METHODS: We evaluated the iodine status of 61 healthy pregnant women from an iodine deficient region in Bulgaria. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxin free (FT4) levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: We found elevated levels of copper that differed the most between the first and second trimesters; Cu and TSH were found to be positively correlated (р < 0.05). Lower Cu levels were found in pregnant women consuming pulses more than 2-3 times a week (р = 0.033). The women consuming fish more than 2-3 times a week had higher levels of Rb. We found a pronounced iodine deficiency in more than half of the examined women in the first to third trimesters, without any effect of pregnancy on the ioduria (р=0.834). All second and third trimester cases were associated with severe ioduria (< 150 μg/L). CONCLUSION: The high Cu levels were associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and less pulse consumption during pregnancy in an iodine deficiency endemic area. SCH was found in 24% of the pregnant women in such an area while in 13% of them SCH had progressed to overt hypothyroidism.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hořčík krev   analýza   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• hypotyreóza epidemiologie   MeSH
• jod * nedostatek   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měď * nedostatek   krev   MeSH
• nutriční stav * MeSH
• stopové prvky nedostatek   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• thyreotropin krev   MeSH
• zinek * nedostatek   krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Bulharsko MeSH

V našem sdělení uvádíme kazuistiky dvou nedonošených novorozenců s těžkým deficitem zinku. Obě prezentované děti se narodily v našem perinatologickém centru. Při propuštění do domácí péče byly plně kojeny a prospívaly. Nenacházely se u nich žádné kožní eflorescence ani jiné příznaky onemocnění. Mezi 3. a 4. měsícem kalendářního věku se objevily kožní léze a děti přestaly prospívat. V rámci diferenciální diagnostiky byla zjištěna výrazně snížená sérová hladina zinku. Po zahájení suplementace zinkem došlo během několika dní k podstatnému zlepšení kožních lézí a následně k úplnému vymizení. Podkladem těžkého nedostatku zinku může být buď autosomálně recesivně dědičné onemocnění acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE), anebo se jedná o stavy získané (např.: přechodný deficit u plně kojeného zejména nedonošeného dítěte, syndrom krátkého střeva, malabsorbční syndromy a jiné) [1, 2, 3]. Onemocnění se projevuje kožními lézemi na akrech končetin, v okolí úst, konečníku a perigenitálně. Mohou být postiženy také sliznice, nejčastěji střeva, což vede ke vzniku průjmů. Dalšími z projevů jsou časté infekce vznikající na podkladě imunodeficitu, alopecie, poruchy růstu, neprospívání a řada dalších nespecifických projevů [1, 2].

We present two cases of premature newborns with a severe zinc deficiency. Both children were born in our department. At the time of hospital discharge they were breastfed exclusively and throve. There were no signs of dermatitis or any other illness. Between the 3rd and 4th month of chronological age both children presented skin lesions and a failure to thrive. Within a differential diagnosis we considered a low serum zinc level, which was confirmed. After oral zinc supplementation a rapid clinical improvement occured within a few days, followed by a complete resolution of symptoms. Severe zinc deficiency can be caused by either genetic autosomal recessive disorder acrodermatitis enteropathica or acquired condition (e.g. transient zinc deficiency in an exclusively breastfed premature infant, short bowel syndrome, malabsorption syndromes etc.) [1, 2, 3]. The illness is manifested by skin lesions over the extremities, anogenital and perioral areas. Mucous parts of the body can also be affected, the intestine lesions lead to diarrhoea. Other clinical signs of severe zinc deficiency include recurrent infection based on immunodeficiency, alopecia, growth retardation, failure to thrive and other nonspecific symptoms [1, 2].

• Klíčová slova
• acrodermatitis enteropathica,
• MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kožní manifestace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zinek * krev   nedostatek   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

This study was performed with the aim of investigating the concentration of zinc and copper in the blood of healthy alpacas (Vicugna pacos) kept in central Europe and to compare the concentration of Zn and Cu in plasma and in whole blood. A further objective was to evaluate blood Zn and Cu in relation to different micromineral supplementation, age and sex groups of alpacas. A total of 299 alpacas (224 adults and 75 crias) from 18 farms were included in this study. The concentrations of copper and zinc in plasma/whole blood were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of this study show high individual variability in plasma Zn (median 3.54, range 1.56-8.01 μmol/l), whole blood Zn (median 10.01, range 6.23-75.0 μmol/l), plasma Cu (median 7.53, range 2.93-16.41 μmol/l) and whole blood Cu (median 6.33, range 3.02-13.95 μmol/l). Plasma Zn was not significantly influenced by sex, age or feeding group. Whole blood Zn was only significantly higher in females than in males. The intake of Zn in all groups was equal to or higher than the nutritional recommendation. During excessive supplementation, Zn absorption decreased and thus blood Zn did not reflect the higher intake. Only a weak correlation was found (Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.384; p > 0.01; n = 204) between plasma and whole blood Zn concentrations. Plasma copper concentration was significantly influenced by age, sex and feeding; whole blood Cu by age and feeding. However, neither plasma Cu nor whole blood Cu reflected the intake of the element. We found a close correlation between plasma and blood copper concentrations (Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.9043; p ≤ 0.01; n = 99). According to our results, copper in plasma or blood is not a good indicator of copper intake.

• MeSH
• lamy krev   MeSH
• měď aplikace a dávkování   krev   MeSH
• zinek aplikace a dávkování   krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slowly progressive, largely non-reversible pulmonary disease that is characterized by airflow limitation. The disease encompasses multiple structural and functional components, but inflammation is at the core of the disease affecting both the lungs and other organs. A number of studies have shown an increased oxidant burden and con-sequently increased markers of oxidative stress in the air-spaces, breath, blood and urine in patients with COPD. The presence of oxidative stress has important conse-quences for the pathogenesis of COPD. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is regarded as one of the causes of COPD, as it is known to damage tissues. As for antioxidants, there are various enzymes eliminating over-produced ROS. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) can be clas-sified into copper/zinc-SOD (CuZn-SOD), manganese-SOD (Mn-SOD) and iron-SOD (Fe-SOD), depending on differences in metals that are necessary for the activity. Trace elements such as Zn, Se, Mn, Cu and Fe are consid-ered to be essential for living organisms, and their supple-mentation effectively suppresses oxidative stress, inflam-mation and fibrosis, suggesting that the essential elements can potentially be used as therapeutic agents in the treat-ment of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Trace elements concentrations in COPD patients are related to the role of each of the elements in the immune system.

• MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc * terapie   MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mangan analýza   krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• měď analýza   krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• selen analýza   krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• stopové prvky analýza   krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zinek analýza   krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Hyperglycemia, a major metabolic disturbance present in diabetes, promotes oxidative stress. Activation of antioxidant defense is an important mechanism to prevent cell damage. Levels of heavy metals and their binding proteins can contribute to oxidative stress. Antiradical capacity and levels of metallothionein (MT), metals (zinc and copper), and selected antioxidants (bilirubin, cysteine, and glutathione) were determined in 70 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects and 80 healthy subjects of Caucasian origin. Single nucleotide polymorphism (rs28366003) in MT gene was detected. Antiradical capacity, conjugated bilirubin, and copper were significantly increased in diabetics, whereas MT and glutathione were decreased. Genotype AA of rs28366003 was associated with higher zinc levels in the diabetic group. The studied parameters were not influenced by renal function. This is the first study comprehensively investigating differences in MT and metals relevant to oxidative stress in T2DM. Ascertained differences indicate increased oxidative stress in T2DM accompanied by abnormalities in non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• chronická renální insuficience krev   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu komplikace   MeSH
• diabetické nefropatie krev   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• genetické asociační studie MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• ledviny patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měď krev   MeSH
• metalothionein krev   genetika   MeSH
• oxidační stres * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• zinek krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to determine concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), selenium (Se) in blood plasma and manganese (Mn) in the whole blood in patients with long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in comparison to the control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined 68 patients (16 men and 52 women) aged from 28 to 68 years on a long-term HPN lasting from 4 to 96 months. The short bowel syndrome was an indication for HPN. The daily doses of Zn, Cu, Fe, Se and Mn in the last 3 months were determined. RESULTS: No significant differences in blood plasma were found for Zn, Cu and Fe in patients with HPN and in the control group (p > 0.05). The concentration of Mn in whole blood was significantly increased in HPN patients (p < 0.0001), while Se concentration in these patients was significantly decreased (p < 0.005). The concentration of Mn in the whole blood of 16 patients with cholestasis was significantly increased compared to the patients without cholestasis (p < 0.001). The Cu concentration was increased with no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: In long-term HPN, the status of trace elements in the patients has to be continually monitored and the daily substitution doses of these elements have to be flexibly adjusted. Dosing schedule needs to be adjusted especially in cases of cholestatic hepatopathy. A discussion about the optimal daily dose of Mn in patients on HPN is appropriate. For clinical practice, the availability of a substitution mixture of trace elements lacking Mn would be advantageous.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• deficit železa MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• intrahepatální cholestáza komplikace   MeSH
• karenční nemoci epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mangan analýza   krev   nedostatek   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• měď analýza   krev   nedostatek   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• nutriční stav * MeSH
• parenterální výživa doma škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• roztoky pro parenterální výživu chemie   MeSH
• selen analýza   krev   nedostatek   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stopové prvky analýza   krev   nedostatek   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• syndrom krátkého střeva krev   komplikace   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• železo analýza   krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zinek analýza   krev   nedostatek   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Metals are known for playing essential roles in human physiology. Copper and zinc are trace elements closely dependent on one another and are involved in cell proliferation, growth, gene expression, apoptosis and other processes. Their homeostasis is crucial and tightly controlled by a resourceful system of transporters and transport proteins which deliver copper and zinc ions to their target sites. Abnormal zinc and copper homeostasis can be seen in a number of malignancies and also in head and neck cancer. Imbalance in this homeostasis is observed as an elevation or decrease of copper and zinc ions in serum or tissue levels in patients with cancer. In head and neck cancer these altered levels stand out from those of other malignancies which makes them an object of interest and therefore zinc and copper ions might be a good target for further research of head and neck cancer development and progression. This review aims to summarize the physiological roles of copper and zinc, its binding and transport mechanisms, and based on those, its role in head and neck cancer. To provide stronger evidence, dysregulation of levels is analysed by a meta-analytical approach.

• MeSH
• homeostáza * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měď krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory hlavy a krku metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• zinek krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent malignant disease in developed countries. A large number of studies have been undertaken to identify potential risk factors for cancer, amongst which the association with trace elements, such as zinc, found naturally in the environment, and whose human exposure derives from a variety of sources. Significant alterations in Zn(II) levels in tissues have previously been reported in patients with various forms of cancer. Moreover, low plasma Zn(II) levels have been observed in patients with cancer of the colon, bronchus or digestive system. In this review, we focus largely on the association between zinc noted above and risk of CRC. Intervention plan in this type of cancer needs to consider nutritional responses towards anti-cancer drugs based on their biological and genetic characteristics, furthermore, a possible association with zinc in cancer treatment also requires attention. The analysis of Zn biomarkers levels could provide new biological insights applied in prevention, molecular diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of CRC.

• MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * enzymologie   etiologie   krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metalothionein MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery * krev   MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• stopové prvky MeSH
• střevní sliznice enzymologie   MeSH
• transportní proteiny MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• zinek * krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• zinkové prsty genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Current studies give us inconsistent results regarding the association of neoplasms and zinc(II) serum and tissues concentrations. The results of to-date studies using meta-analysis are summarized in this paper. METHODS: Web of Science (Science citation index expanded), PubMed (Medline), Embase and CENTRAL were searched. Articles were reviewed by two evaluators; quality was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa scale; meta-analysis was performed including meta-regression and publication bias analysis. RESULTS: Analysis was performed on 114 case control, cohort and cross-sectional studies of 22737 participants. Decreased serum zinc level was found in patients with lung (effect size = -1.04), head and neck (effect size = -1.43), breast (effect size = -0.93), liver (effect size = -2.29), stomach (effect size = -1.59), and prostate (effect size = -1.36) cancers; elevation was not proven in any tumor. More specific zinc patterns are evident at tissue level, showing increase in breast cancer tissue (effect size = 1.80) and decrease in prostatic (effect size = -3.90), liver (effect size = -8.26), lung (effect size = -3.12), and thyroid cancer (effect size = -2.84). The rest of the included tumors brought ambiguous results, both in serum and tissue zinc levels across the studies. The association between zinc level and stage or grade of tumor has not been revealed by meta-regression. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence on cancer-specific tissue zinc level alteration. Although serum zinc decrease was associated with most tumors mentioned herein, further--prospective--studies are needed.

• MeSH
• epitel patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory krev   patologie   MeSH
• statistické modely MeSH
• zinek krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This article aims to share the results of research conducted in the Fergana chemical plant of furan compounds (FCPFC) in Uzbekistan.19 workers of the Furan compounds plant, in Fergana, Uzbekistan, were tested. By neutron activation analysis method, we have studied microelement composition of saliva, blood, dental hard tissue, and the level of Ca, Zn, Fe, and Ag in these subjects. We have detected that the level of chemical elements in dental hard tissue, blood, and saliva of these workers was subject to negative changes as compared to the analysis results from those in the control group. The research results have practical value for the prophylaxis, treatment, and health resumption of the people living in rugged ecological environment and workers who are engaged with harmful substances in chemical industry. Furthermore,this research also provides recommendations for treatment of dental diseases related to common conditions of pathophysiological processes carried out by living organisms.

• MeSH
• dentin chemie   MeSH
• furany * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fyziologická kalcifikace účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci zubů etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• neutronová aktivační analýza statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• orální zdraví MeSH
• pracovní expozice * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• sliny chemie   MeSH
• stopové prvky analýza   krev   MeSH
• stříbro analýza   krev   MeSH
• vápník analýza   krev   MeSH
• železo analýza   krev   MeSH
• zinek analýza   krev   MeSH
• zubní cement (tkáň) chemie   MeSH
• zubní sklovina chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH