Zubní lekári sa bežne stretávajú s pacientmi užívajúcimi perorálne antitrombotiká, ktorí vyžadujú invazívne dentálne výkony. Hoci antitrombotiká môžu spôsobiť zvýšené krvácanie, existuje konsenzus, že liečebné režimy s protidoštičkovými liekmi, staršími antikoagulanciami (warfarín) a priamymi perorálnymi antikoagulanciami by sa pred rutinnými dentálnymi výkonmi nemali meniť, keď je riziko krvácania nízke. Trombembolické riziko pri ich prerušení pravdepodobne prevažuje nad potenciálnymi krvácavými komplikáciami spojenými s chirurgickým výkonom. Riziká pozastavenia alebo redukcie týchto liekov sa preto musia zvážiť oproti možným následkom predĺženého krvácania, ktoré možno kontrolovať lokálnymi opatreniami, ako je mechanický tlak, šitie, hemostatiká alebo antifibrinolytiká. Niektorí pacienti, ktorí užívajú antitrombotiká, môžu mať ďalšie komorbidity alebo dostávajú inú liečbu, ktorá môže zvýšiť riziko predĺženého krvácania po dentálnom ošetrení. Ak sa predpokladá, že pacient má vysoké riziko krvácania, zubný lekár by mal zvážiť konzultáciu s ošetrujúcim lekárom pacienta, aby prediskutoval dočasné prerušenie antitrombotickej liečby.

Dentists commonly encounter patients taking oral antithrombotic agents who require invasive dental procedures. Although antithrombotics can cause an increase in bleeding, there is consensus that treatment regimens with antiplatelet agents, older anticoagulants (warfarin) and direct oral anticoagulants should not be altered before routine dental procedures when the risk of bleeding is low. Thromboembolic risk of their discontinuing likely outweighs potential bleeding complications associated with surgery. Therefore, the risks of stopping or reducing these medications must be weighed against the potential consequences of prolonged bleeding, which can be controlled with local measures such as mechanical pressure, suturing, haemostatic agents or antifibrinolytics. Some patients who are taking antithrombotic medications may have additional comorbid conditions or receive other therapy that can increase the risk of prolonged bleeding after dental treatment. Where a patient is believed to be at high bleeding risk, the dentist should consider a consultation with the patient's physician to discuss temporarily discontinuing the antithrombotic therapy.

• MeSH
• antikoagulační přemostění MeSH
• antikoagulancia škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• hematologické látky * farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• inhibitory agregace trombocytů farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
• pooperační krvácení chemicky indukované   epidemiologie   ošetřování   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• stomatochirurgické výkony * klasifikace   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• warfarin škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

AIM: We assessed various ways of tranexamic acid (TXA) administration on the fibrinolytic system. Blood loss, transfusions, drainage and haematoma were secondary outcomes. METHODS: In this prospective study, we examined 100 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) between June and November 2018. Patients were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to the following TXA regimens: 1) loading dose 15 mg TXA/kg single intravenous administration applied at initiation of anesthesia (IV1); 2) loading dose 15 mg TXA/kg + additional dose 15 mg TXA/kg 6 h after the first application of TXA (IV2); 3) IV1 regime in combination with a local wash of 2 g of TXA in 50 mL of saline (COMB); 4) topical administration of 2 g of TXA in 50 mL of saline (TOP). RESULTS: Systemic fibrinolysis interference was insignificant in all of the regimens; we did not detect significant differences between IV1, IV2 and COMB in the monitored parameters within the elapsed time after the TKA; IV regimes had the lowest total drainage blood loss; the lowest blood loss was associated with the IV1 and IV2 regimens (IV1, IV2 < COMB < TOP); the lowest incidence of haematomas was in patients treated with TXA topically (i.e., in COMB + TOP). CONCLUSION: The largest antifibrinolytic effect was associated with intravenous administration of TXA. In terms of blood loss, intravenously administered TXA can interfere with the processes associated with the formation of the fibrin plug more efficiently than the simple washing of wound surfaces with TXA.

• MeSH
• antifibrinolytika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• aplikace lokální MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů chirurgie   MeSH
• fibrin-fibrinogen - produkty degradace metabolismus   MeSH
• hematokrit MeSH
• hemoglobiny metabolismus   MeSH
• intravenózní podání MeSH
• krvácení při operaci * MeSH
• kyselina tranexamová aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plazminogen metabolismus   MeSH
• pooperační krvácení epidemiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• totální endoprotéza kolene metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: ALPPS is found to increase the resectability of primary and secondary liver malignancy at the advanced stage. The aim of the study was to verify the surgical and oncological outcome of ALPPS for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). METHODS: The study cohort was based on the ALPPS registry with patients from 31 international centers between August 2009 and January 2018. Propensity score matched patients receiving chemotherapy only were selected from the SEER database as controls for the survival analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and two patients undergoing ALPPS were recruited, 99 completed the second stage with median inter-stage duration of 11 days. The median kinetic growth rate was 23 ml/day. R0 resection was achieved in 87 (85%). Initially high rates of morbidity and mortality decreased steadily to a 29% severe complication rate and 7% 90-day morbidity in the last 2 years. Post-hepatectomy liver failure remained the main cause of 90-day mortality. Multivariate analysis revealed insufficient future liver remnant at the stage-2 operation (FLR2) to be the only risk factor for severe complications (OR 2.91, p = 0.02). The propensity score matching analysis showed a superior overall survival in the ALPPS group compared to palliative chemotherapy (median overall survival: 26.4 months vs 14 months; 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates: 82.4%, 70.5% and 39.6% vs 51.2%, 21.4% and 11.3%, respectively, p < 0.01). The survival benefit, however, was not confirmed in the subgroup analysis for patients with insufficient FLR2 or multifocal ICC. CONCLUSION: ALPPS showed high efficacy in achieving R0 resections in locally advanced ICC. To get the most oncological benefit from this aggressive surgery, ALPPS would be restricted to patients with single lesions and sufficient FLR2.

• MeSH
• antitumorózní látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ascites epidemiologie   MeSH
• cholangiokarcinom chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hepatektomie metody   MeSH
• infekce chirurgické rány epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligace MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• nádory žlučových cest chirurgie   MeSH
• paliativní péče MeSH
• pooperační komplikace epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• pooperační krvácení epidemiologie   MeSH
• program SEER MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• selhání jater prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tendenční skóre MeSH
• vena portae chirurgie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• žlučové cesty intrahepatální * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

AIMS: Edoxaban is a direct factor Xa inhibitor approved for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). Uninterrupted edoxaban therapy in patients undergoing AF ablation has not been tested. METHODS AND RESULTS: The ELIMINATE-AF trial, a multinational, multicentre, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study, was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of once-daily edoxaban 60 mg (30 mg in patients indicated for dose reduction) vs. vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in AF patients undergoing catheter ablation. Patients were randomized 2:1 to edoxaban vs. VKA. The primary endpoint (per-protocol population) was time to first occurrence of all-cause death, stroke, or International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis-defined major bleeding during the period from the end of the ablation procedure to end of treatment (90 days). Overall, 632 patients were enrolled, 614 randomized, and 553 received study drug and underwent ablation; 177 subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging to assess silent cerebral infarcts. The primary endpoint (only major bleeds occurred) was observed in 0.3% (1 patient) on edoxaban and 2.0% (2 patients) on VKA [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.16 (0.02-1.73)]. In the ablation population (modified intent-to-treat population including patients with ablation), the primary endpoint was observed in 2.7% of edoxaban (N = 10) and 1.7% of VKA patients (N = 3) between start of ablation and end of treatment. There were one ischaemic and one haemorrhagic stroke, both in patients on edoxaban. Cerebral microemboli were detected in 13.8% (16) patients who received edoxaban and 9.6% (5) patients in the VKA group (nominal P = 0.62). CONCLUSION: Uninterrupted edoxaban therapy represents an alternative to uninterrupted VKA treatment in patients undergoing AF ablation.

• MeSH
• cerebrální krvácení chemicky indukované   diagnostické zobrazování   epidemiologie   MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• fibrilace síní epidemiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• inhibitory faktoru Xa terapeutické užití   MeSH
• katetrizační ablace * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• pooperační krvácení chemicky indukované   epidemiologie   MeSH
• pyridiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• thiazoly terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vitamin K antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Deroofing has proven to be an effective method to treat mild to moderate forms of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). The basic procedure includes removal of the sinus roof, followed by secondary intention healing, while fibrotic tissue usually stays in situ. We have tried to establish a modified method of deroofing in which meticulous removal of the fibrotic tissue results in a low recurrence rate in moderate to severe HS patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An open prospective study consisted of 96 deroofed lesions in 52 consecutive patients with moderate to severe HS. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 28 months. RESULTS: Recurrence occurred after a median time of 2.3 months in 14 % of locations. Recurrences according to location were as follows: 6 % in the axillary region and 25 % in the inguinal region. Postoperative bleeding was the only considerable complication and occurred in 7 % of treated locations. Seven patients were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Modified deroofing followed by meticulous sinus tract removal is a surgical approach suitable for patients with moderate disease, especially in the axillary region. This results in a low recurrence rate and the same healing period as that of the standard deroofing procedure.

• MeSH
• axila MeSH
• chirurgie operační škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• debridement škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hidradenitis suppurativa patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• hojení ran fyziologie   MeSH
• inguinální kanál MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pooperační komplikace epidemiologie   MeSH
• pooperační krvácení epidemiologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• subjekt ztracen ze sledování MeSH
• vizuální analogová stupnice MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: In a multicentre, randomized-controlled, phase III trial in complex cardiovascular surgery (Randomized Evaluation of Fibrinogen vs Placebo in Complex Cardiovascular Surgery: REPLACE), single-dose human fibrinogen concentrate (FCH) was associated with the transfusion of increased allogeneic blood products (ABPs) versus placebo. Post hoc analyses were performed to identify possible reasons for this result. METHODS: We stratified REPLACE results by adherence to the transfusion algorithm, pretreatment fibrinogen level (≤2 g/l vs >2 g/l) and whether patients were among the first 3 treated at their centre. RESULTS: Patients whose treatment was adherent with the transfusion algorithm [FCH, n = 47 (60.3%); placebo, n = 57 (77.0%); P = 0.036] received smaller quantities of ABPs than those with non-adherent treatment (P < 0.001). Among treatment-adherent patients with pretreatment plasma fibrinogen ≤2 g/l, greater reduction in 5-min bleeding mass was seen with FCH versus placebo (median -22.5 g vs -15.5 g; P = 0.071). Considering patients with the above conditions and not among the first 3 treated at their centre (FCH, n = 15; placebo, n = 22), FCH was associated with trends towards reduced transfusion of ABPs (median 2.0 vs 4.0 units; P = 0.573) and greater reduction in 5-min bleeding mass (median -21.0 g vs -9.5 g; P = 0.173). Differences from a preceding single-centre phase II study with positive outcomes included more patients with pretreatment fibrinogen >2 g/l and fewer patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. CONCLUSIONS: None of the patient stratifications provided a clear explanation for the lack of efficacy seen for FCH in the REPLACE trial versus the positive phase II outcomes. However, together, the 3 factors demonstrated trends favouring FCH. Less familiarity with the protocol and procedures and unavoidable differences in the study populations may explain the differences seen between the phase II study and REPLACE. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01475669 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01475669; EudraCT trial no: 2011-002685-20.

• MeSH
• aneurysma hrudní aorty komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• fibrinogen terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hemostatika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kardiochirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• krevní transfuze * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pooperační krvácení epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

• MeSH
• adenektomie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obstrukční spánková apnoe * diagnóza   epidemiologie   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• otorinolaryngologické chirurgické výkony metody   MeSH
• polysomnografie metody   MeSH
• pooperační krvácení epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• tonzilektomie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• celková anestezie metody   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• chrápání chirurgie   diagnóza   MeSH
• chybná diagnóza klasifikace   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• krvácení při operaci ošetřování   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obstrukce dýchacích cest epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• obstrukční spánková apnoe * chirurgie   diagnóza   MeSH
• polysomnografie normy   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• pooperační krvácení epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• krční mandle MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obstrukční spánková apnoe * chirurgie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace MeSH
• pooperační krvácení epidemiologie   MeSH
• tonzilektomie * metody   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH

OBJECTIVE: In this multicenter study, the authors reviewed the results obtained in patients who underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) and determined predictors of outcome. METHODS: Data from a cohort of 114 patients who underwent GKRS for cerebral dAVFs were compiled from the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Favorable outcome was defined as dAVF obliteration and no posttreatment hemorrhage or permanent symptomatic radiation-induced complications. Patient and dAVF characteristics were assessed to determine predictors of outcome in a multivariate logistic regression analysis; dAVF-free obliteration was calculated in a competing-risk survival analysis; and Youden indices were used to determine optimal radiosurgical dose. RESULTS: A mean margin dose of 21.8 Gy was delivered. The mean follow-up duration was 4 years (range 0.5-18 years). The overall obliteration rate was 68.4%. The postradiosurgery actuarial rates of obliteration at 3, 5, 7, and 10 years were 41.3%, 61.1%, 70.1%, and 82.0%, respectively. Post-GRKS hemorrhage occurred in 4 patients (annual risk of 0.9%). Radiation-induced imaging changes occurred in 10.4% of patients; 5.2% were symptomatic, and 3.5% had permanent deficits. Favorable outcome was achieved in 63.2% of patients. Patients with middle fossa and tentorial dAVFs (OR 2.4, p = 0.048) and those receiving a margin dose greater than 23 Gy (OR 2.6, p = 0.030) were less likely to achieve a favorable outcome. Commonly used grading scales (e.g., Borden and Cognard) were not predictive of outcome. Female sex (OR 1.7, p = 0.03), absent venous ectasia (OR 3.4, p < 0.001), and cavernous carotid location (OR 2.1, p = 0.019) were predictors of GKRS-induced dAVF obliteration. CONCLUSIONS: GKRS for cerebral dAVFs achieved obliteration and avoided permanent complications in the majority of patients. Those with cavernous carotid location and no venous ectasia were more likely to have fistula obliteration following radiosurgery. Commonly used grading scales were not reliable predictors of outcome following radiosurgery.

• MeSH
• cévní malformace centrálního nervového systému komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• chronické poškození mozku epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• neurozobrazování MeSH
• pooperační komplikace epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• pooperační krvácení epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• radiační poranění epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• radiochirurgie metody   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH